The sanctity of the blood and wealth of the Muslims, and the sin of one who kills a Muslim

Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Khalid al-Laythi (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a military expedition, and they raided a people. A man from that people ran off, and a man from the expedition went after him with a drawn sword. The man from that people said: "I am a Muslim! I am a Muslim!" But the pursuer paid no attention to what he said; he struck him and killed him. When this was reported to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke very severely about it, and word of this reached the killer. The narrator said: While the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was delivering a sermon, the killer spoke up: "O Messenger of Allah! By Allah, that man only said what he said to save himself from being killed." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him and from the people on his side, and continued his sermon. The narrator said: Then the man stood up again and said: "O Messenger of Allah! That man only said what he said to save himself from being killed." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him and from the people on his side. The man could not restrain himself, until he said it a third time. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him, with displeasure showing on his face, and said: "Allah Almighty has refused to allow me to kill a believer." He said this three times.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and Ahmad recorded it in abridged form, except that he said "Uqbah bin Malik" instead of Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in full; its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except Bishr bin Asim al-Laythi, who is thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Jundab bin Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when a man came bearing good news from an expedition which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent out. He informed him that the help of Allah Almighty had come, that the army had been helped, and that Allah Almighty had granted them victory. After this, the narrator narrated a hadith similar to the one that has already passed from Sayyiduna Jundab bin Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him), and in it are these words: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said at that time: "Soon after me there will be trials like pieces of the dark night, crashing like the crashing of al-hamah and of stallion bulls. In them a man will be a Muslim in the morning and a disbeliever by the evening, or a Muslim in the evening and a disbeliever by the morning." A man from among the Muslims said: "O Messenger of Allah! What should we do at that time?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Enter your houses and stay hidden (out of sight)." One of those present said: "What is your view if someone enters the house of one of us?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He (the one in his house) should hold back his hand, and be the slain servant of Allah, not the killing servant of Allah. For a man is within the dome of Islam, then he consumes his brother's wealth, sheds his blood, disobeys his Lord and disbelieves in his Creator, and so Hell becomes due for him."
Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains Abd al-Hamid bin Bahram and Shahr bin Hawshab, both of whom have been declared trustworthy, yet there is weakness in both of them.

Abu Imran relates: I said to Sayyiduna Jundab (may Allah be pleased with him): "I have given my pledge of allegiance to these people, that is, to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both), and they want me to set out with them to Syria (al-Sham)." He (Sayyiduna Jundab) said: "Hold back!" I said: "They refuse (to accept that)." He said: "Then ransom yourself with your wealth!" I said: "They insist that I join them in fighting with the sword." Sayyiduna Jundab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: So-and-so told me that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection the slain man will bring his killer and say: 'O my Lord! Ask this man why he killed me.'" Shu'bah, a narrator, said: I think the narration also has these words: "(Allah Almighty will say:) 'Why did you kill him?' And he will say: 'I killed him for the sake of so-and-so's rule.'" The narrator said: Sayyiduna Jundab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "So beware of that."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Qurs (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: A man from among the Muslims attacked a man from among the disbelievers and struck him with a spear. The other man turned towards him and said: "I am a Muslim," but the first man killed him. This was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you kill him after he said: 'I am a Muslim'?" I said: "O Messenger of Allah! I had (already) struck him with the spear." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from me and said: "He has refused, He has refused me, regarding one who kills a Muslim."
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Adi bin al-Fadl al-Taymi, who is matruk (abandoned).

Al-Hasan relates: When that killer died and the people of his tribe buried him, the earth cast him out. They buried him again, and the earth cast him out again. This happened three times. So they threw him between the sides of a mountain and threw stones over him, and then wild beasts ate him. Ibn Abi al-Zinad said: It has reached me
that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was informed that the earth had cast him out, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The earth accepts even one who is worse than him, but Allah Almighty wanted to show you the gravity of (shedding) blood in His sight." (Al-Haythami says:) I say:
Al-Tabarani recorded it in the biography of Dumayrah, after the story of Muhallim bin Jaththamah, and its chain is munqati' (broken).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah and Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with them both) relate that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), while delivering a sermon, asked: "What day is this?" The people said: "It is a sacred day." He said: "Your lives and your wealth are as sacred to one another as the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours." (Al-Haythami says:) I say: The hadith of Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) was also recorded by Ibn Majah.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), delivering a sermon to us, asked: "What day is this?" We said: "It is the Day of Sacrifice." He asked: "What month is this?" We said: "It is Dhu al-Hijjah, a sacred month." He asked: "What city is this?" We said: "It is a sacred city." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then your lives, your wealth and your honour are as sacred to one another as this day is sacred for you, in this month of yours, in this city of yours. Behold! Let those who are present convey this to those who are absent."
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Abd al-Rahman bin Amr bin Jabalah, who is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyiduna al-Bara' and Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with them both) relate: We heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Indeed, your lives and your wealth are as sacred to one another as the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Musa bin Uthman al-Hadrami, who is matruk (abandoned). (Al-Haythami says:) I say: Hadiths of this kind have already passed in the Book of Hajj and the Book of Blood Money (al-Diyat).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The killer is not a believer at the time he kills; the adulterer is not a believer at the time he commits adultery; the one who drinks wine is not a believer at the time he drinks it; and the one who snatches something is not a believer at the time he snatches it. Faith is stripped away from him just as a man takes off his shirt. When he turns back to faith, faith returns to him; when he turns back, faith returns to him." (Al-Haythami says:) I say:
This narration is in the Sahih in abridged form.
Al-Bazzar recorded it; its chain contains Mubarak bin Hassan, whom Yahya bin Ma'in and others declared thiqah (trustworthy), and Abu Dawud and others declared da'if (weak); the rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reports this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Do not become disbelievers after me, striking the necks of one another."
Ahmad, Abu Ya'la, al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it, and their narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna al-Sunabihi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will take pride in your great numbers before the other nations, so do not turn back into disbelievers after me, striking the necks of one another." (Al-Haythami says:) I say:
Ibn Majah recorded it in abridged form.
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains Mujalid bin Sa'id, about whom there is disagreement.

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Today you are established upon the religion, and I will take pride in your great numbers before the other nations; so do not turn back on your heels after me."
Ahmad, Abu Ya'la, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat recorded it; its chain contains Mujalid, about whom there is disagreement, and the rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to his Companions: "Let me never find you (on the Day of Resurrection) in a state where you had become disbelievers after me, striking the necks of one another."
Al-Bazzar and Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains Mubarak bin Suhaym, who is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not turn back into disbelievers after me, striking the necks of one another."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a narrator whom I do not know.

Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) reports this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Every sin, it may be that Allah Almighty will forgive it, except (the sin of) one who dies as a polytheist or who deliberately kills a believer."
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Amir al-Sha'bi narrates: When Marwan intended to fight al-Dahhak bin Qays, he sent a message to Sayyiduna Ayman bin Khuraym al-Asadi (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "Would you like to take part in the fighting with us?" He replied: "My father and my uncle had the honour of taking part in the Battle of Badr, and the two of them instructed me that I should not fight any person who bears witness that there is no god except Allah Almighty. If you bring me (some decree of) deliverance from Hell, then I will fight alongside you." He said: "You may go," and he criticised him and reviled him. Then Sayyiduna Ayman bin Khuraym al-Asadi (may Allah be pleased with him) composed these verses: "I will not fight a man who offers prayer, when the purpose of the fighting is merely the rule of a man from Quraysh. He will get his rule, and the sin will be binding upon me. I seek refuge in Allah from ignorance and recklessness. Shall I fight a Muslim without any reason? That will bring me no benefit, however long I may live."
Abu Ya'la recorded this narration, and al-Tabarani recorded something similar, except that he recorded these words: "I will not kill any person who offers prayer." And in it are these words: "Refuge is with Allah from faltering and recklessness." And in it are also these words: "Shall I kill a Muslim without any crime?"
Abu Ya'la recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for Zakariyya bin Yahya Zahmawayh, and he is thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: In the blessed time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a man was killed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ascended (the pulpit) to deliver a sermon, and he said: "Do you not know who killed this slain man in your midst?" He asked this three times, and the people said only: "Allah knows; we do not know." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, if all the inhabitants of the heavens and all the inhabitants of the earth gathered together to kill a believer, Allah Almighty would admit them all into Hell. And whoever bears hatred towards us, the People of the Household, Allah Almighty will throw him face down into Hell."
Al-Bazzar recorded this narration; its chain contains Dawud bin Abd al-Hamid and other da'if (weak) narrators besides him.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: In the blessed time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a man was killed whose killer could not be identified. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ascended the pulpit and said: "O people! Has a man been killed while I am present among you, and the one who killed him cannot be identified? If the inhabitants of the heaven and the earth all gathered together and killed a Muslim, Allah Almighty would punish them all without number and without reckoning."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for Ata bin Abi Muslim: Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy), and a group declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If all the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth gathered together to kill a Muslim, Allah Almighty would throw them all on their faces into Hell."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Saghir; its chain contains Jisr bin Farqad, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If all the inhabitants of the heaven and the earth gathered together to kill a believer, Allah Almighty would throw them into Hell."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Abu Hamzah al-A'war, who is matruk (abandoned). Abu Hatim said: His hadith may be written down. The remaining narrators of this narration are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "When a man walks to another man and kills him, the one killed will go to Paradise and the killer will go to Hell."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(On the Day of Resurrection) the slain man will come holding his killer, with blood gushing from his veins. He will come into the presence of the Lord of Might and will say: 'O my Lord! Ask him why he killed me.' Allah Almighty will say to that man: 'Why did you kill him?' The killer will reply: 'I killed him so that dominance would belong to so-and-so.' It will be said to him: 'Dominance belongs exclusively to Allah Almighty.'"
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains al-Fayd bin Wathiq, who is a kadhdhab (liar).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man asked him: "O Abu al-Abbas! Is there room for repentance for a killer?" Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) expressed astonishment and said: "What did you say?" The man repeated his question, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) again said: "What did you say?" This exchange took place two or perhaps three times. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I heard your Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "(On the Day of Resurrection) the slain man will come holding his head in one hand and grasping his killer with the other, with blood gushing from his veins, until he brings him to the Throne. Then the slain man will submit before the Lord of all the worlds: 'This man killed me.' Allah Almighty will say to the killer: 'You are ruined!' Then that killer will be taken towards Hell." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say:
Al-Tirmidhi recorded this narration with the last part abridged.
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no harm, except in the matter of killing a Muslim." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said this three times.
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Layth bin Abi Sulaym, who is a mudallis.

Sayyiduna Jundub bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever is able to ensure that a handful of blood which he has shed, as though he were slaughtering a chicken, does not come between him and Paradise (let him do so); for such a person, whenever he comes to any of the gates of Paradise, that blood will come between him and the gate of Paradise. And whoever among you has the ability should put only what is pure into his belly, for the first part of a human being to become putrid is his belly."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat and al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Al-Hasan al-Basri narrates about Sayyiduna Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him): I was sitting with him in the time of Mus'ab's rule, and he said: "These people are engaged in killing and bloodshed, they are supporting one another for the sake of the world, and they are constructing tall buildings. I swear by Allah that only a short time will pass before a time comes upon you when a sturdy camel, with its ropes and the wooden frames of its saddle, will be more beloved to any one of you than a large house." After this the narrator mentioned the narration as before.
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Abd al-Malik bin Marwan narrates: Before I became the overseer of this office of rule, I used to sit in the company of Sayyidah Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) in Madinah. She would say: "O Abd al-Malik! I consider that you possess the qualities and abilities to become the overseer of the rule of this Ummah. If you become its overseer, then beware of shedding blood, for I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'A man will be pushed back from the gate of Paradise as he looks towards Paradise, and the reason for it will be the blood of a Muslim which he unjustly shed.'"
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration; its chain contains Abd al-Khaliq bin Zayd bin Waqid, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty has not made lawful during tribulation anything which He had made unlawful before that. What is the matter with one of you, that he comes to his brother and greets him with salam, and then after that, when he comes to him, he kills him?"
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration; its chain contains Abd al-Malik bin Muhammad al-San'ani, whom Ayyub bin Sulayman and others declared thiqah (trustworthy), and there is weakness in him.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: A person continues to remain in latitude with regard to his religion as long as he has not committed an unlawful killing. When he commits an unlawful killing, modesty is taken away from him.

In one narration the words are: "Servants continue to remain within the veil of Allah Almighty as long as they keep up worship and have not unlawfully shed blood." The narrators of the chain of the first narration are the narrators of the Sahih, except that the narrator named Ibrahim did not hear from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reports, as a marfu' hadith: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let not a person whose hands are stained with blood please you, for in the presence of Allah Almighty there is for him a killer (an angel of punishment) who will not die. And let not a person who has earned wealth unlawfully please you, for if he spends from that wealth it will not be accepted from him; if he holds on to that wealth, no blessing will be placed for him in it; and if he dies and leaves that wealth behind, it will be his provision for the journey to Hell."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration; its chain contains al-Nadr bin Humayd, who is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever takes part in an unjust killing with even half a word, when he comes on the Day of Resurrection, it will be written between his two eyes: 'This one is despairing of the mercy of Allah.'"
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration; its chain contains Abdullah bin Khirash, whom al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) and a group declared da'if (weak), while Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy) and said: He sometimes makes mistakes. The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When people fall into tribulation, they will say: "Come out! You have an example in the people." Then you should say: "I have no example to follow in evil."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration; its chain contains Khudayj bin Mu'awiyah, whom Ahmad and others declared thiqah (trustworthy), and a group declared him da'if (weak).

Humayd bin Hilal narrates: When the tribulation spread, Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Hujayr bin al-Rabi' al-Adawi: "Go to your people and forbid them from taking part in the tribulation." He said: "I do not hold a prominent position among them, and my word is not obeyed." Sayyiduna Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Convey this message to them from me and forbid them from it." The narrator says: I heard Sayyiduna Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) swear by Allah and say: "That I should be a black Abyssinian slave living among goats, grazing them on a mountaintop until my death reaches me, would be more beloved to me than that I should have shot an arrow on behalf of either side in a battle, whether it reached its target or not."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Ibn Sirin narrates: When it was said to Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him): "Why do you not take part in the fighting? You are one of the people of the Shura, and you are more entitled to this matter than anyone else," he said: "I will not take part in the fighting until they bring me a sword that has two eyes, a tongue and two lips, and that can distinguish the believer from the disbeliever. I have indeed waged jihad, and I know what jihad is."
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.