Reports on vessels

Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We were in Madinah, where fruit was very plentiful, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fadikh to us. A man came to him (that is, to Sayyiduna Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him)) and asked about a very old woman: "Should we give her nabidh to drink, since she does not eat food?" Sayyiduna Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him) forbade the man from that.
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded it in abridged form; the narrators of both are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Suwayd bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with a jar of nabidh and asked him about it, and he forbade me from it. So I took the jar and broke it.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except Hilal al-Muzani, who is thiqah (trustworthy).

Abu Ishaq, the freed slave of Banu Hashim, narrates: One day those people discussed the vessels in which nabidh is prepared, and they disagreed about the vessel made from gourd. Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by them, and they sent a message to Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) asking: "O Abu Ayyub! May nabidh be prepared in a gourd?" Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbidding every tarred (muzaffat) vessel in which nabidh is prepared." So he rejected (its permissibility) regarding the gourd. Abu Dawud reported a reply similar to his first statement.
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it. Abu Ishaq, the freed slave of Banu Hashim, is mastur (of unestablished status). The chain of this report contains a narrator, Rishdin bin Sa'd, in whom there is weakness, though he has been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Samurah bin Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and delivered a sermon, and he forbade the dubba and the muzaffat.
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Wiqa bin Iyas, whom Abu Hatim, Ibn Hibban and al-Thawri declared thiqah (trustworthy) and others declared da'if (weak); the remaining narrators of this report are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not prepare nabidh in the dubba, the muzaffat, the naqir or the earthenware jar; and every intoxicant is forbidden."
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqil, whose hadith is hasan (good), though there is weakness in him; the remaining narrators of this report are the narrators of the Sahih.

Abu Shimr al-Dub'i narrates: I heard Sayyiduna A'idh bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) forbidding the dubba, the hantam, the muzaffat and the naqir. I asked him: "Is this ruling reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He replied: "Yes."
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Fudayl bin Yazid al-Raqashi narrates: We were with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him), and we began talking about drink. He said: "Khamr is forbidden." I said: "The prohibition of khamr is mentioned in the Book of Allah?" He said: "Then what more do you want? Do you want (to hear) what I heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)? I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbidding the dubba, the hantam and the muzaffat." (The narrator says:) I asked: "What is the hantam?" He said: "It is green and white." I asked: "What is the muzaffat?" He said: "Every tarred thing, whether it is a waterskin or something else." In one narration the word "naqir" is reported. He says: I went to the market and bought a piece of leather (to make a waterskin), and it has always remained hanging in my house.
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded part of it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. The narrators of Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih, except Fudayl bin Zayd, who is thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jabir al-Abdi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was in the delegation from the tribe of Abd al-Qays who came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator says: Or perhaps I was not among them; I was with my father. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them (preparing) drink in vessels; these are the vessels you have heard about, namely the dubba, the hantam, the naqir and the muzaffat.
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Duljah bin Qays narrates: Sayyiduna al-Hakam al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) once asked a man: "Do you remember when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the dubba, the hantam, the naqir and the muqayyar?" The man replied: "Yes!" He said: "And I too bear witness to this."

In one narration the wording is: Sayyiduna al-Hakam al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) asked a man: "Do you remember when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade naqir and muqayyar (the narrator is in doubt; perhaps the wording is: one of the two of them) and dubba' and hantam?" The man replied: "Yes." So he said: "I too bear witness to that."
Ahmad recorded all of these narrations.

Al-Tabarani narrates: Duljah bin Qays narrates: A man said to Sayyiduna al-Hakam al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him): "Do you remember the day when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade dubba' and hantam?" Sayyiduna al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes." Then the other man said: "I too bear witness to that."
The narrators of both these narrations are thiqat (trustworthy).

Suhayrah bint Jayfar narrates: We went for Hajj, then on our return we came to Madinah, and we visited Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Huyayy (may Allah be pleased with her). Some women from the people of Kufah were present there, and those women said to us: "If you wish, you ask the questions and we will listen to the answers; and if you wish, we will ask and you listen." We said: "You ask." So those women asked about certain matters concerning husband and wife and the rulings of menstruation. Then they asked about nabidh made in earthenware jars, and Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Huyayy (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "O people of Iraq! You have asked us a great many questions about the nabidh of earthenware jars. The Messenger of Allah has declared the nabidh of earthenware jars unlawful. There is no harm for any one of you women if she cooks her dates, then rubs them, then strains them and puts them in her waterskin, then ties up its mouth; and when it becomes good, she drinks it and gives her husband to drink as well."
Ahmad, al-Tabarani and Abu Ya'la recorded it. As far as I am aware, no one other than Ya'la bin Hakim narrated from the woman named Suhayrah; the remaining narrators of this narration are the narrators of the Sahih.

Shihab bin Abbad narrates that he heard some members of the tribe of Abd al-Qays saying: We came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and they were greatly delighted with us. Al-Ashajj said: "O Messenger of Allah! Our land is a heavy land with an unhealthy climate; if we do not drink these drinks, our complexions become disturbed and our bellies swell." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not drink from dubba', hantam and naqir; let each one of you drink from a waterskin whose mouth is tied." Al-Ashajj said to him: "O Messenger of Allah! May my father and mother be ransomed for you, permit us this much," and he gestured like this, joining his two hands. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Ashajj! If I were to permit you this much," and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said this while gesturing with his two palms, "you would drink this much from it." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) opened his two hands and spread them out (and then said this). After that, the narrator related the complete hadith. This complete narration will come in the chapter on righteousness and maintaining ties of kinship, in the chapter on honouring the guest; I have quoted an abridgement of it here, but its wording is exactly this.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Abu al-Qamus Zayd bin Ali narrates: One of the members of the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays which came (to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) narrated this hadith to me. He said: Among the things we presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was a nawt or a qirbah (a particular vessel for keeping dates) of ta'dud (a particular kind of date), or perhaps of barni. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is this?" We said: "This is a gift." The narrator says: I think it also happened that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at one of the dates, then put it back in its place and said: "Convey it to the family of Muhammad!" The narrator says: The people asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about some things, until they asked him about drinks. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not drink from dubba', or hantam, or naqir, or muzaffat; drink from a lawful (vessel) whose mouth has been tied." One of us said: "O Messenger of Allah! How do you know what dubba', hantam, naqir and muzaffat are?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Would I not know what it is? Which part of Hajar is the most powerful?" We replied: "Al-Mushaqqar (the name of a place)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I have entered that place and taken hold of its iqlid (key)." The narrator says: I have forgotten part of this hadith, and then Ubaydullah bin Jarwah reminded me of it. He related: "I stopped at the spring of al-Zarah." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made this supplication: "O Allah! Forgive the people of the delegation of Abd al-Qays, for they are accepting Islam willingly, not under compulsion, (accepting Islam) without any disgrace and without being forced," whereas some members of our people did not accept Islam until they were disgraced and forced. The narrator says: Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face from this side, that is, from the right side of the qiblah, until he faced the qiblah. Then, while supplicating for the people of the tribe of Abd al-Qays, he said: "The best of the people of the East are the people of the tribe of Abd al-Qays." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Abu Dawud recorded a part of this narration, the part concerning vessels.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade naqir, dubba' and muzaffat, and said: "Drink only from a vessel whose mouth is tied!" So the people prepared camel skins and made their necks from goat skins. When this news reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "Drink only from that whose upper part is of the same (skin)." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: The opening part of this narration is reported in the "Sahih".
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Husayn bin Abdullah bin Ubaydullah bin Abbas, who is matruk (abandoned); the majority declared him da'if (weak), and according to one narration it is reported from Yahya bin Ma'in: "There is no harm in him, and his hadith is to be written down."

Ash'ath bin Umayr al-Abdi narrates from his father: The delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When they intended to return, they said (to one another): "You have memorised from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) everything you heard from him; now ask the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about nabidh as well!" So they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah! We live in a land whose climate does not suit us; nothing keeps us well there except drink." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What is your drink?" They said: "Nabidh." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In what do you drink it?" They said: "In naqir." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not drink in naqir!" They went out from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the people said: "Our people will never accept this." So they came back to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about it, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said the same to them. He said: "Do not drink in naqir! Otherwise one of you will strike his cousin a blow after which that man will remain lame until the Day of Resurrection." The narrator says: At that they laughed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What are you laughing at?" They said: "By the One who sent you with the truth, O Messenger of Allah! Once we drank from a naqir of ours, and one of us got up, went to another and struck him a blow, and (the man who was struck) will remain lame from it until the Day of Resurrection."
Abu Ya'la and al-Tabarani recorded it. I do not know the narrator Ash'ath bin Umayr; its chain contains Ata bin al-Sa'ib, who suffered from ikhtilat (confusion of memory).

Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade dubba', hantam and earthenware jars.
Abu Ya'la recorded it in al-Kabir, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Qatadah narrates: I asked Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) about the nabidh of earthenware jars, and he said: "I have not heard anything about it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." The narrator says: Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) used to regard it as disliked.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When it was the time for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to break his fast, I brought him nabidh from an earthenware jar. When I brought it near the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), it had begun to ferment (or had become frothy). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Throw it against the wall! For this is the drink of one who does not believe in Allah Almighty and the Last Day."
Abu Ya'la, al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it; both of them (that is, al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani) recorded it in abridged form. Its chain contains a narrator, Musa bin Sulayman bin Musa, whom Abu Hatim declared thiqah (trustworthy), and the remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Amr bin Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "Forbid the nabidh of earthenware jars! For it has been made unlawful by Allah and His Messenger."
Al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Abu al-Muhazzim, and he is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Amr bin Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "Forbid your people the nabidh of earthenware jars! For it has been made unlawful by Allah and His Messenger."
Al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it in abridged form. Its chain contains a narrator, Abu al-Muhazzim, and he is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Safwan bin al-Mu'attal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to announce: "Do not prepare nabidh in earthenware jars."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. The narrator Makhul did not meet Sayyiduna Safwan (may Allah be pleased with him); the remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Abu al-Aliyah narrates: I asked Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) about vessels, and he said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade certain vessels, except for waterskins whose mouths are tied."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Fahd bin Awf, and he is matruk (abandoned).

Abu Hajib reports from a Companion belonging to Banu Ghifar: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade muqayyar, naqir, dubba' and hantamah.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for Abu Hajib, and he is thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Qarazah bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrate: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade dubba', muzaffat and naqir.
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Umm Ma'bad, and I do not know that woman; of its two chains, the remaining narrators of one are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abu Khayrah al-Subahi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was in the delegation that came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and we were forty men. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them dubba', hantam, naqir and muqayyar. The narrator says: Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered arak tooth-sticks for us and said: "Clean your teeth with these!" We said: "O Messenger of Allah! We have grass with us, and we make do with it." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised both his hands and made this supplication: "O Allah! Forgive the people of the tribe of Abd al-Qays, for they are accepting Islam willingly, not (accepting Islam) under compulsion or force."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a group of narrators whom I do not know.

Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We were forbidden dubba', muzaffat and naqir.
Al-Tabarani recorded it through two routes, the narrators of one of which are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna al-Nu'man bin Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not drink in naqir or muzaffat!"
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, al-Sari bin Isma'il al-Hamdani, and he is matruk (abandoned).

Umm Ma'bad, the freedwoman of Sayyiduna Qarazah (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates: As for dubba', it is the gourd which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade. As for hantam, they are the green jars found in the land of the non-Arabs; the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it. Naqir means the root of the date-palm, which is green and firm; the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it.
Al-Tabarani recorded all these narrations with various chains; all of them contain a narrator, Yahya bin al-Harith al-Taymi, and he is matruk (abandoned). An explanation of this has already preceded in this chapter from Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) with a sahih (authentic) chain, so there is no need for this one.