The permissibility of making nabidh in any vessel

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was present with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when he forbade the nabidh of earthenware jars, and I was also present when he permitted it and said: "Avoid whatever intoxicates."
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy). Some criticism has been made of the narrator Abu Ja'far al-Razi which does no harm, and he is thiqah (trustworthy).
Al-Tabarani also recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays went back, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every person will be his own reckoner, and let every people prepare nabidh in whatever they wish."
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Shahr, in whom there is weakness, and he is hasan al-hadith (fair in hadith); the remaining narrators of Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih. In one narration of Ahmad the wording is "when they came" in place of "when they went back".

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was present at the arrival of the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays when they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them to drink from these vessels: hantam, dubba', muzaffat and naqir. The narrator says: One man from among those present stood up and came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah! The people do not have (other) vessels." The narrator says: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as though he felt pity for the condition of those people, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Drink it while it (the drink) is good, but when it becomes foul, leave it."
Ahmad recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Shahr, in whom there is weakness, and the hadith he narrates is hasan (fair); the remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna al-Rasim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We came as a delegation to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us certain vessels. Then we came to him (again) and said: "Our land is one whose climate does not suit us." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Drink from whatever you wish! But whoever wishes may tie the mouth of his waterskin over sin."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Yahya bin Abdullah al-Jabir, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority, while Ahmad declared him thiqah (trustworthy); I do not know the narrator Ibn al-Rasim.

Yahya bin Ghassan narrates from his father: My father was in the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays that came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them these vessels. The narrator says: Then we went back. Then when we came to him the following year, we said: "O Messenger of Allah! You forbade us these vessels, so we went back." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Prepare nabidh in whatever (vessel) seems suitable to you, but do not drink anything intoxicating; and whoever wishes may tie the mouth of his waterskin over sin."
Ahmad recorded it.

Sayyiduna Ibn al-Rasibi reports from his father, who was from the people of Hajar and was a jurist: He came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as part of the delegation that had gone to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) carrying their sadaqah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them to drink nabidh from these vessels. They returned to their land, Tihamah, which was a hot land, and its climate did not suit them. The following year they came back to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with their sadaqat and said: "O Messenger of Allah! You forbade us these vessels and we abandoned them, but this has become a hardship for us." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and drink from whatever you wish! But do not drink anything intoxicating; and whoever wishes may tie the mouth of his waterskin over sin."
Al-Tabarani reported it in the biography of Sayyiduna al-Rasim (may Allah be pleased with him), and stated that it is reported from the son of Sayyiduna al-Rasibi (may Allah be pleased with him) from his father; so it is possible that Sayyiduna al-Rasim (may Allah be pleased with him) is himself al-Rasibi, and Allah knows best. Its chain contains a narrator, Yahya bin al-Jabir, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority, while Ahmad declared him thiqah (trustworthy); its chain also contains narrators whom I do not know.

It is mentioned from Asim that he related: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), after first forbidding nabidh, then permitted it. Mundhir Abu Hassan reported it from Sayyiduna Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Ahmad recorded it, and its chain contains narrators whom I do not know.

Sayyiduna Suhar al-Abdi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to permit me to prepare nabidh in an earthenware jar, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) granted me a concession for it (the narrator is in doubt; perhaps the wording is:) the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me permission for it.
Ahmad, al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Abd al-Rahman bin Suhar, whom Ibn Abi Hatim mentioned; he neither declared him trustworthy nor criticised him. The narrator al-Dahhak bin Yasar was declared thiqah (trustworthy) by Abu Hatim and Ibn Hibban, and Yahya bin Ma'in says: "The people of Basrah declare him da'if (weak)." The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna al-Ashajj al-Asri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with his companions, who belonged to the tribe of Abd al-Qays, so that they might visit the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When they arrived, they came before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); they made their mounts kneel and hurried towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), wearing their customary travelling clothes. But Sayyiduna al-Ashajj al-Asri (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed behind; he tied up his companions' mounts and his own camel, then took his fine clothes out of his bag, while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was observing all this. Then he (having put on his fine clothes) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are two qualities in you which Allah and His Messenger love." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! What are those two?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Deliberateness and forbearance." He said: "Is this part of my nature, or have I acquired it through my own effort?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No! Rather, it is part of your nature." He said: "All praise belongs to Allah Almighty." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O members of the tribe of Abd al-Qays! Why is it that I see your faces have changed?" They said: "O Prophet of Allah! We live in a land whose climate does not suit us. We used to prepare this nabidh, which would digest the (camel) meat in our bellies, but when you forbade us to use these vessels, the result was what you see on our faces." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A vessel does not make anything lawful or unlawful, but every intoxicant is unlawful. Let it not be that you sit and drink this drink until, when your veins become intoxicated, you boast to one another, and one of you leaps at his cousin, strikes him with the sword and leaves him lame." The narrator says: At that time there was a lame man among those people to whom this had happened.
Abu Ya'la recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, al-Muthanna bin Mawi Abu al-Manazil, whom Ibn Abi Hatim mentioned; he neither declared him da'if (weak) nor declared him trustworthy. The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: I used to prepare nabidh for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in a green earthenware jar.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Hakim bin Jubayr, and he is matruk (abandoned).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that nabidh used to be prepared for him in a green earthenware jar. The narrator says: Sayyiduna Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him) returned after an absence and went first to Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), but did not find him at home. He stopped with his wife and asked her about Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), and his wife told him (that he had gone out). Then Sayyiduna Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him) saw the jar in which nabidh was prepared for him and asked: "What is this jar for?" The woman said: "For preparing nabidh for Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him)." Sayyiduna Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I wish that you would prepare that nabidh in a waterskin." So the woman gave instructions that his nabidh be prepared in a waterskin. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) came, the woman told him about Sayyiduna Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "What is this waterskin for?" The woman said: "Sayyiduna Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him) instructed us to prepare your nabidh in a waterskin." Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will not drink the nabidh that is in it. Would it be that if you prepared wine in a waterskin it would become lawful, and if you kept honey in an earthenware jar it would become unlawful for me? We know the things we have been forbidden. We have been forbidden dubba', hantam, naqir and muzaffat. As for dubba', we people of the tribe of Thaqif used to take a dubba' (that is, a gourd), then put bunches of grapes into it, then keep it warm until (the drink) began to ferment, and then the fermentation would subside. As for naqir, the people of Yamamah used to hollow out the root of the date-palm, then put fresh and unripe dates into it, then leave it until (the drink) began to ferment, and then the fermentation would subside. As for hantam, these were red jars which used to be carried to us with wine in them. As for muzaffat, it means the vessels that have zift (a tar-like substance) in them."
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Talq bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays came. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Why is it that your complexions have turned yellow, your bellies have swollen and your veins have become prominent?" They said: "Our chief came to you and asked you about a drink that suited us, and you forbade him from it; and we live in a land whose climate does not suit us." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then drink whatever seems suitable to you!"
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Ajibah bin Abd al-Hamid; al-Dhahabi says: "He is almost unknown." The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abu Malik al-Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: He used to prepare nabidh for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in a stone bowl.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Umayr bin Muslim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A green earthenware jar containing camphor was presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as a gift, and he distributed that camphor among the Ansar and the Muhajirun. (When the jar had become empty,) he said: "O Umm Sulaym! Prepare nabidh for us in it."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains Muzahim bin Abd al-Aziz al-Thaqafi, whom I do not know; the remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Qurrah bin Iyas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about vessels, and he said: "Vessels do not make anything unlawful. Prepare nabidh in whatever seems suitable to you, but avoid every intoxicant."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Ziyad bin Abi Ziyad al-Jassas, and he is matruk (abandoned); Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy) and said: "He sometimes errs."

Shaqiq bin Salamah reports about Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he gave him nabidh to drink from a green earthenware jar. Abu Wa'il said: "I have seen that jar."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Amir bin Shaqiq, whom al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy), while Yahya bin Ma'in and Abu Hatim called him da'if (weak). The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Isa bin Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami narrates: I asked al-Hasan about nabidh, and he said: "Drink only from something whose mouth has been tied." His son said: "Has it not reached us that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) used to drink nabidh prepared in a green earthenware jar at your place?" He replied: "Yes."
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had forbidden visiting graves, eating the meat of sacrificial animals after three days, and using nabidh of naqir, dubba' and muzaffat. The narrator says: Then after that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I had previously forbidden you three things, then it seemed appropriate to me (to change the ruling about them). I had forbidden you to visit graves, then it seemed to me that it softens the heart, makes the eyes shed tears and reminds of the Hereafter; so visit them, but do not say anything improper. And I had forbidden you regarding the meat of sacrificial animals, that you should not eat it beyond three days; then it seemed to me that people give it to their guests as a gift and keep it aside for those of their family who are absent; so now keep as much as you wish. And I had forbidden you regarding these vessels; now drink from whatever you wish, but do not drink anything intoxicating; whoever wishes may tie the mouth of his waterskin over sin." In one narration the wording is: "People seek their condiment."
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Bazzar recorded it in abridged form. Its chain contains a narrator, Yahya bin Abdullah al-Jabir, whom the majority declared da'if (weak); Ahmad says: "There is no harm in him." The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy). Other hadiths of this kind have already preceded in the chapter on visiting graves and in the chapter on the meat of sacrificial animals.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade these vessels, then he granted a concession regarding them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade dubba', hantam, naqir and muzaffat, then he granted a concession regarding them and said: "Drink from whatever you wish, and avoid every intoxicant." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had earlier forbidden visiting graves, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Visit them! For there is admonition in it."
Al-Bazzar recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Yazid bin Abi Ziyad, who is da'if (weak), but his hadith is to be written down; the remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).