السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: قسمة الغنيمة في دار الحرب
Dividing the war booty in enemy territory
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ سُلَيْمُ بْنُ أَخْضَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ، قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ، وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ". قَالَ يَحْيَى: أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ. وَحَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ.
Ibn Awn (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I wrote to Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) asking him about inviting (to Islam) before fighting. He wrote: That was only at the beginning of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made a raid on Banu al-Mustaliq while they were unaware, and their livestock were being watered at the water. He killed their fighting men and took their families captive, and on that day he obtained (Yahya said: I think he said) Juwayriyah bint al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with her). (Nafi' said:) Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who was in that army, narrated this hadith to me.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّوفِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ح، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ وَهَذَا حَدِيثُهُ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرَ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو صِرْمَةَ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو صِرْمَةُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَذْكُرُ الْعَزْلَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَزْوَةَ الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَسَبَيْنَا كَرَائِمَ الْعَرَبِ وَطَالَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْعُزْبَةُ وَرَغِبْنَا فِي الْفِدَاءِ، فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَمْتِعَ وَنَعْزِلَ، فَقُلْنَا نَفْعَلُ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا فَلَا نَسْأَلُهُ، فَسَأَلْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا، مَا كَتَبَ اللهُ خَلْقَ نَسَمَةٍ هِيَ كَائِنَةٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا سَتَكُونُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، وَقُتَيْبَةَ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَسَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ غَنَائِمَهُمْ قَبْلَ الرُّجُوعِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، كَمَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِلَادَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَصَارَتْ بِلَادُهُمْ دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَبَعَثَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ يَأْخُذُ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مُجِيبًا لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ: " أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ فِي نِعَمِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَسَبَاهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَسَبْيَهُمْ فِي دَارِهِمْ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمُوا بَعْدَهَا بِزَمَانٍ، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ مُصَدِّقًا سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَقَدْ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْهُمْ، وَدَارُهُمْ دَارُ حَرْبٍ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ فَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عُرْوَةُ، وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ ".
Abu Sirmah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): Did you hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mention 'azl (coitus interruptus)? He said: Yes. We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq. We took noble Arab women captive, our time away from our wives grew long, and we desired the ransom, so we wished to enjoy them and practise 'azl. We said: Shall we do so while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is among us, without asking him? So we asked, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no harm on you if you do not do it; any soul whose creation Allah has decreed will certainly come into being, until the Day of Resurrection."
This is evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils before coming back to Madinah, as is the position of Imam al-Awza'i and Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both). Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Banu al-Mustaliq and prevailed over them, their land became part of the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), refuting Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him), replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raided them while they were heedless among their livestock; he killed them and took them captive, and their properties and captives were divided. This was in their own land, in the year 5 AH, whereas they became Muslim a long time after that. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah, and that was in the year 10 AH; and when he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from them, it was still enemy territory.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It took place in the year 5 AH; so said Urwah and Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on them both).
This is evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils before coming back to Madinah, as is the position of Imam al-Awza'i and Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both). Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Banu al-Mustaliq and prevailed over them, their land became part of the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), refuting Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him), replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raided them while they were heedless among their livestock; he killed them and took them captive, and their properties and captives were divided. This was in their own land, in the year 5 AH, whereas they became Muslim a long time after that. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah, and that was in the year 10 AH; and when he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from them, it was still enemy territory.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It took place in the year 5 AH; so said Urwah and Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on them both).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، ح، قَالَ: وَثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ، وَثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، فِي ذِكْرِ مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَبَنِي لِحْيَانَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ. وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ ".
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him), mentioning the military expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), says that the expeditions against Banu al-Mustaliq and Banu Lihyan took place in Sha'ban of the year 5 AH. This is more correct than the narration of Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him), in which the year 6 AH is given.
وَأَمَّا بَعْثُهُ الْوَلِيدَ مُصَدِّقًا فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ ⦗٩٤⦘ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي سَعْدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ إِلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ لِيَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمُ الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَتَاهُمُ الْخَبَرُ فَرِحُوا وَخَرَجُوا لِيَتَلَقَّوْا رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا حُدِّثَ الْوَلِيدُ أَنَّهُمْ خَرَجُوا يَتَلَقَّوْنَهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ قَدْ مَنَعُوا الصَّدَقَةَ. فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يُحَدِّثُ نَفْسَهُ أَنْ يَغْزُوَهُمْ إِذْ أَتَاهُ الْوَفْدُ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّا حُدِّثْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَكَ رَجَعَ مِنْ نِصْفِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَإِنَّا خَشِينَا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا رَدَّهُ كِتَابٌ جَاءَهُ مِنْكَ لِغَضَبٍ غَضِبْتَهُ عَلَيْنَا، وَإِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَعْتَبَهُمْ وَهَمَّ بِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عُذْرَهُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ، فَقَالَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ} [الحجرات: ٦] ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), describing the sending of al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect the charity, says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt to Banu al-Mustaliq to collect the charity from them. When the news of his coming reached them, they were glad and came out to receive him, to welcome the envoy of the Messenger of Allah. When al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) was told that they were coming out to meet him, he went back to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, they have withheld the zakah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) became angry (on hearing this). While he (peace and blessings be upon him) was still considering fighting them, the delegation of Banu al-Mustaliq arrived. They said: We have learned that your envoy turned back halfway through the journey, and we feared that his return was due to some anger of yours against us, and we seek refuge in Allah from the anger of Allah and the anger of His Messenger. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was concealing (his intention) from them and intended to attack them, but Allah Almighty revealed their excuse, saying: "O you who believe, if a wicked person brings you news, verify it carefully, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and then become regretful over what you have done." [Surah al-Hujurat: 6]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا آدَمُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: " أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ إِلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ لِيُصَدِّقَهُمْ، فَتَلَقَّوْهُ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا لَكَ لِيُقَاتِلُوكَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا} [الحجرات: ٦] الْآيَةَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَالَّذِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَعْدَ غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ بِمُدَّةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، كَمَا حَفِظَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ كَانَ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ صَبِيًّا، وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، وَلَا يَبْعَثُهُ مُصَدِّقًا إِلَّا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَصِيرَ رَجُلًا ".
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt (may Allah be pleased with him) to Banu al-Mustaliq to collect the charity. They came to receive him with gifts, but he went back to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said that Banu al-Mustaliq had resolved to kill you. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe, if a wicked person brings you news, verify it carefully" [Surah al-Hujurat: 6].
The Shaykh said: What indicates that this happened a long time after the expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq, probably in the year 10 AH as Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded, is that al-Walid bin Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) was a boy at the time of the Conquest of Makkah, which took place in the year 8 AH, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would only send him (to collect charity) after he had become a grown man.
The Shaykh said: What indicates that this happened a long time after the expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq, probably in the year 10 AH as Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded, is that al-Walid bin Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) was a boy at the time of the Conquest of Makkah, which took place in the year 8 AH, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would only send him (to collect charity) after he had become a grown man.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ جَعَلَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ يَأْتُونَهُ بِصِبْيَانِهِمْ فَيَمْسَحُ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَدْعُو لَهُمْ، فَجِيءَ بِي إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ خُلِّقْتُ بِالْخَلُوقِ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي لَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْخَلُوقُ الَّذِي خَلَّقَتْنِي أُمِّي ". ⦗٩٥⦘.
Sayyiduna Walid bin Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Makkah, the people of Makkah began bringing their children to him; he would pass his hand over their heads and supplicate for them. I was brought too, and saffron perfume had been applied to my head. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw me, he did not touch me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lay a hand on me because of the saffron perfume that my mother had applied to me.
وَحَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا فَيَّاضُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْكِلَابِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ: " لَمَّا فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: " وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ سَلَحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَتَقَذَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَمَسَّهُ، وَلَمْ يَدْعُ لَهُ، وَمُنِعَ بَرَكَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِسَابِقِ عِلْمِ اللهِ فِيهِ ".
Walid bin Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Makkah (the rest of the hadith is as in the first chain). Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It has also been reported that he soiled himself that day, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) found it distasteful; so he did not touch him nor supplicate for him. He was denied the blessing of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) because of Allah's prior knowledge concerning him.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أنبأ مُسَدَّدٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْحَجَبِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، وَثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ، فَقَالَ: " اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ". فَخَرَجُوا يَسْعَوْنَ فِي السِّكَكِ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ. قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ: قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: وَالْخَمِيسُ الْجَيْشُ، فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ وَسَبَى الذَّرَارِيَّ، فَصَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِدِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَجَعَلَ صَدَاقَهَا عِتْقَهَا. قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ لِثَابِتٍ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْتَ سَأَلْتَ أَنَسًا مَا أَمْهَرَهَا؟ فَقَالَ أَمْهَرَهَا نَفْسَهَا. فَتَبَسَّمَ. ⦗٩٦⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the dawn prayer while it was still dark, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted and said: "Allahu akbar, kharibat Khaybar, inna idha nazalna bi-sahati qawmin fa-sa'a sabahu al-mundharin (Allah is the Greatest! Khaybar is ruined. When we descend upon the courtyard of a people, evil is the morning of those who were warned)." The people came out, moving through the lanes and saying: "Muhammad and his army!" Hammad said: Khamis means the army. He (peace and blessings be upon him) overcame them, killed the fighting men and took the children captive. Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) fell to the share of Sayyiduna Dihyah al-Kalbi (may Allah be pleased with him); then she was given to the share of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) married her and made her freedom her dowry (mahr). Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him): "Did you ask Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) what he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave her as dowry?" He said: "He (peace and blessings be upon him) made her dowry the freedom of her own person." And he smiled.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَا: ثنا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ح، قَالَ: وَأنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، ثنا بَهْزٌ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، ثنا أَنَسٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: صَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِدِحْيَةَ فِي مَقْسَمِهِ، وَجَعَلُوا يَمْدَحُونَهَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقُولُونَ مَا رَأَيْنَا فِي السَّبْيِ مِثْلَهَا. قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ إِلَى دِحْيَةَ فَأَعْطَاهُ بِهَا مَا أَرَادَ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا إِلَى أُمِّي، فَقَالَ: أَصْلِحِيهَا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى جَعَلَهَا فِي ظَهْرِهِ، نَزَلَ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْقُبَّةَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ، قَالَ: " مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلُ زَادٍ فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِهِ ". قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بِفَضْلِ التَّمْرِ، وَفَضَلِ السَّوِيقِ، وَفَضَلِ السَّمْنِ، حَتَّى جَعَلُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ سَوَادًا حَيْسًا، فَجَعَلُوا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْحَيْسِ، وَيَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ حِيَاضٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِمْ مِنْ مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ وَلِيمَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْنَا جُدُرَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَشَيْنَا إِلَيْهَا، فَرَفَعْنَا مَطِيَّتَنَا، وَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَطِيَّتَهُ. قَالَ: وَصَفِيَّةُ خَلْفَهُ قَدْ أَرْدَفَهَا، فَعَثَرَتْ مَطِيَّةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَصُرِعَ وَصُرِعَتْ. قَالَ: فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْتُرُهَا. قَالَ: فَأَتَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: لَمْ نُضَرَّ. قَالَ: فَدَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَخَرَجَ جَوَارِي نِسَائِهِ يَتَرَاءَيْنَهَا وَيَشْمَتْنَ بِصَرْعَتِهَا ". لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ بَهْزِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى وُقُوعِ قِسْمَةِ غَنِيمَةِ خَيْبَرَ بِخَيْبَرَ. قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: إِنَّهَا حِينَ افْتَتَحَهَا صَارَتْ دَارَ إِسْلَامٍ وَعَامَلَهُمْ عَلَى النَّخْلِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " أَمَّا خَيْبَرُ فَمَا عَلِمْتُهُ كَانَ فِيهَا مُسْلِمٌ وَاحِدٌ مَا صَالَحَ إِلَّا الْيَهُودَ، وَهُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ، وَمَا حَوْلَ خَيْبَرَ كُلُّهُ دَارُ حَرْبٍ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: In the division of the spoils, Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) fell to the share of Sayyiduna Dihyah al-Kalbi (may Allah be pleased with him). The people began praising her in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: "We have not seen anyone like her among the captives." He (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a messenger to Sayyiduna Dihyah (may Allah be pleased with him) and gave him something in exchange for Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her); then he sent her (Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her)) to my mother and said: "Prepare her." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out from Khaybar; when it was left behind, he (peace and blessings be upon him) made camp and his (peace and blessings be upon him) tent was pitched. When morning came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever has surplus provisions, let him bring them." So the people began bringing things: dates, sawiq (barley meal) and ghee were brought. When it became a large heap of food, the people began eating from it, and they drank from the water collected in their pools, which had gathered from the rain of the sky. This was the wedding feast (walimah) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) given on his marriage to Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her). Then we set out until we began to see the walls of Madinah; we moved towards them and urged our mounts on, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also urged his mount on, while Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) was riding behind him (peace and blessings be upon him); he had seated her behind him. Suddenly the mount of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stumbled, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) fell. None of us looked at him (peace and blessings be upon him) or at Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood and screened her. Then we came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have not been hurt." When we entered Madinah, the slave girls of his (peace and blessings be upon him) pure wives came out, trying to catch sight of her and gloating over her fall.
This contains evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Khaybar at Khaybar itself. Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Khaybar was conquered it became the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) dealt with them (the Jews) as workers on the date palms.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know that there was even a single Muslim there; he (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace only with the Jews, who remained upon their religion, and the area around Khaybar was also enemy territory (abode of war).
This contains evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Khaybar at Khaybar itself. Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Khaybar was conquered it became the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) dealt with them (the Jews) as workers on the date palms.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know that there was even a single Muslim there; he (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace only with the Jews, who remained upon their religion, and the area around Khaybar was also enemy territory (abode of war).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ عَامَلَ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّا نُخْرِجُهُمْ إِذَا شِئْنَا، فَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِهِ، وَإِنِّي مُخْرِجٌ يَهُودَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ ".
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O people! the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with the Jews on the condition: "We will expel them whenever we wish." So whoever has any property, let him take charge of it, for I am expelling the Jews. Then he expelled them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ النَّسَوِيُّ، قَالُوا: ثنا هُدْبَةُ، ثنا هَمَّامٌ، ثنا قَتَادَةُ، ⦗٩٧⦘ عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اعْتَمَرَ أَرْبَعَ عُمَرٍ، كُلُّهُنَّ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ إِلَّا الَّتِي فِي حَجَّتِهِ، عُمْرَةً فِي الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، أَوْ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَعُمْرَةً مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ، وَعُمْرَةً مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ حَيْثُ قَسَمَ غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَعُمْرَةً مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ ". هَذَا حَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: عُمْرَةً مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى عُمْرَتَهُ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هُدْبَةَ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَسَمَ غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِهَا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ مِنْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ حَتَّى وَرَدَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَمَا ثَبَتَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ بِأَنْ قَالَ: وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْهَمَ لِعُثْمَانَ وَطَلْحَةَ وَلَمْ يَشْهَدَا بَدْرًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ فَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَحَدًا لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْوَقْعَةَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَدَدًا، وَلَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ: قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيْرِ شِعْبٍ مِنْ شِعَابِ الصَّفْرَاءِ، قَرِيبٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed four Umrahs, all of them in Dhu al-Qa'dah except the one with the Farewell Hajj: one Umrah at al-Hudaybiyah, or at the time of the truce of al-Hudaybiyah, in Dhu al-Qa'dah; one Umrah the following year; one from al-Ji'ranah, when he had come to divide the spoils of Hunayn; and one Umrah he performed along with his Hajj. This is the wording of Ibrahim, while al-Hasan said exactly: "an Umrah from al-Hudaybiyah." This contains evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Hunayn right there at al-Ji'ranah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for what Abu Yusuf took as evidence, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Badr after reaching Madinah, and what he claimed is established by the hadith, saying the evidence for it is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share of Badr to Sayyiduna Uthman and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them both) although they did not attend Badr: if it is as he says, then this contradicts the Sunnah, for (by his view) it is not permissible for the imam or commander to give anyone anything from the spoils if he did not take part in the battle and was not a reinforcement. But it is not as he says, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Badr at a place called Sayr, which is one of the mountain passes of al-Safra', near Badr.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for what Abu Yusuf took as evidence, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Badr after reaching Madinah, and what he claimed is established by the hadith, saying the evidence for it is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share of Badr to Sayyiduna Uthman and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them both) although they did not attend Badr: if it is as he says, then this contradicts the Sunnah, for (by his view) it is not permissible for the imam or commander to give anyone anything from the spoils if he did not take part in the battle and was not a reinforcement. But it is not as he says, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils of Badr at a place called Sayr, which is one of the mountain passes of al-Safra', near Badr.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: " وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ مَضِيقٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصَّفْرَاءُ، خَرَجَ مِنْهُ إِلَى كَثِيبٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَيْرٌ عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّفَلَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْكَثِيبِ ".
Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) proceeded on, and when he came out of the pass called al-Safra', he went from there towards the sand dune called Sayr, which is at a distance of one night's journey from Badr, or more. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils at that dune.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْجُعْفِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حُيَيٌّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الْمُقَاتِلَةِ، كَمَا خَرَجَ طَالُوتُ فَدَعَا لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ خَرَجَ، فَقَالَ: " اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ حُفَاةٌ فَاحْمِلْهُمْ، اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عُرَاةٌ فَاكْسُهُمْ، اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ جِيَاعٌ فَأَشْبِعْهُمْ ". فَفَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَانْقَلَبُوا وَمَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَجَعَ بِجَمَلٍ أَوْ جَمَلَيْنِ وَاكْتَسَوْا وَشَبِعُوا ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَكَانَتْ غَنَائِمُ بَدْرٍ كَمَا رَوَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ غَنِمَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الْآيَةُ فِي سُورَةِ الْأَنْفَالِ، فَلَمَّا تَشَاحُّوا عَلَيْهَا انْتَزَعَهَا اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ١] الْآيَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Badr with three hundred and fifteen men, just as Talut (Saul) had set out. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated for them; when they set out, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allahumma innahum hufatun fa-hmilhum, Allahumma innahum uratun fa-ksuhum, Allahumma innahum jiya'un fa-ashbi'hum (O Allah, they are barefoot without mounts, so give them mounts; O Allah, they are unclothed, so clothe them; O Allah, they are hungry, so fill them)." Allah Almighty granted them victory on the day of Badr, and when they returned, every man came back with one or two camels; they were clothed and their hunger was satisfied.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: According to the narration of Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), the spoils of Badr that the Muslims obtained were taken before the verse of Surah al-Anfal was revealed. When they disputed, Allah Almighty took it away from them: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger." [Surah al-Anfal: 1]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: According to the narration of Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), the spoils of Badr that the Muslims obtained were taken before the verse of Surah al-Anfal was revealed. When they disputed, Allah Almighty took it away from them: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger." [Surah al-Anfal: 1]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، فَلَقِيَ بِهَا الْعَدُوَّ فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى النَّهْبِ وَالْعَسْكَرِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ الَّذِينَ طَلَبُوا الْعَدُوَّ، قَالُوا: لَنَا النَّفَلُ؛ نَحْنُ طَلَبْنَا الْعَدُوَّ، وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ. وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا بَلْ هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ غِرَّةٌ. وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَالنَّهْبِ: مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا بَلْ هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَحْرَزْنَاهُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ١] الْآيَةَ، فَقَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فُوَاقٍ ".
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out towards Badr and met the enemy. When Allah defeated the enemy, a contingent of the Muslims pursued the enemy, killing them; another contingent surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and another contingent took possession of the spoils and the camp. When those who had pursued the enemy returned, they said: "The spoils are ours, because we pursued the enemy, and through us Allah drove them away and defeated them." Those who had surrounded him (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are not more entitled to it than us. We guarded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the enemy would not harm him." And those who had taken possession of the spoils and the camp said: "You are not more entitled to it than us. We took possession of it and secured it." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger." [Surah al-Anfal: 1] A short while later, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils among them equally.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ، قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ، فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ سَوَاءٍ، فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِهِ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١]. وَعَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ بِأَسْرِهَا فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كُلُّهَا خَالِصًا، وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَدْخَلَ مَعَهُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ نَفَرٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الْوَقْعَةَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ. وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: سَبْعَةً أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةً ".
Sayyiduna Abu Umamah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) about the spoils (anfal). At its end it says: When we disagreed and our conduct became bad, Allah took it out of our hands and returned it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it among the people equally. This was the way of fearing Allah and obeying Allah and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and of reconciliation among people. Allah Almighty says: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set right the relations between you." [Surah al-Anfal: 1]
Ibn Ishaq said: I heard al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) say: Surah al-Anfal was revealed in its entirety concerning the people of Badr.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: All of the spoils belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided them among the people, and included among them eight men from the Muhajirun and the Ansar who had not been present at the battle. In one place, seven or eight are mentioned.
Ibn Ishaq said: I heard al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) say: Surah al-Anfal was revealed in its entirety concerning the people of Badr.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: All of the spoils belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided them among the people, and included among them eight men from the Muhajirun and the Ansar who had not been present at the battle. In one place, seven or eight are mentioned.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَحَسَّانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، قَالَا: ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا، وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، تَخَلَّفَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً ⦗٩٩⦘ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ " وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ بِالشَّامِ فَقَدِمَ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ " وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، قَدِمَ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَا رَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ ". فَهَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةُ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَمَّا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، فَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ رَجَّعَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَعَمُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَخَرَجَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، فَرَدَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ مَعَ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ ضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ فِي أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمٍ وَذَكَرَهُمْ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَذَكَرَهُمْ أَيْضًا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ حَاطِبٍ فِي الرَّدِّ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ مَالِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ٤١] بَعْدَ غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned those who went to the Battle of Badr and those who did not, (saying) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) assigned a share to those present at the battle, and among those who were absent he gave a share to Uthman bin Affan bin Abi al-As bin Umayyah bin Abd Shams (may Allah be pleased with him); he had stayed behind in Madinah because of the illness of his wife Ruqayyah (may Allah be pleased with her). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him his share, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and my reward?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your reward too." And Talhah bin Ubaydullah bin Uthman bin Amr bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) was in Syria; he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and spoke to him, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a share as well. He asked about the reward, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You will receive your reward too."
And Sa'id bin Zayd bin Amr bin Nufayl (may Allah be pleased with him) also came from Syria after he (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned to Madinah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a share, and about the reward too he said: "You will receive it." These three were from the Muhajirun. From the Ansar there was Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him), who went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) towards Badr; he (peace and blessings be upon him) had made him governor of Madinah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a share along with the people of Badr. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had also sent al-Harith bin Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) back to Madinah, and he gave him a share as well. Asim bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him back and gave him a share as well. He also gave a share to Khawwat bin Jubayr bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) along with the people of Badr, and to al-Harith bin al-Simmah (may Allah be pleased with him), who had been injured at al-Rawha', he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a share as well. All of them were also mentioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar and Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on them both), except that he did not mention al-Harith bin Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) being sent back to Madinah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them from his own wealth, and regarding this the verse was revealed: "And know that whatever you obtain as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger." [Surah al-Anfal: 41] This happened after Badr.
And Sa'id bin Zayd bin Amr bin Nufayl (may Allah be pleased with him) also came from Syria after he (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned to Madinah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a share, and about the reward too he said: "You will receive it." These three were from the Muhajirun. From the Ansar there was Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him), who went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) towards Badr; he (peace and blessings be upon him) had made him governor of Madinah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a share along with the people of Badr. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had also sent al-Harith bin Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) back to Madinah, and he gave him a share as well. Asim bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him back and gave him a share as well. He also gave a share to Khawwat bin Jubayr bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) along with the people of Badr, and to al-Harith bin al-Simmah (may Allah be pleased with him), who had been injured at al-Rawha', he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a share as well. All of them were also mentioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar and Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on them both), except that he did not mention al-Harith bin Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) being sent back to Madinah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them from his own wealth, and regarding this the verse was revealed: "And know that whatever you obtain as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger." [Surah al-Anfal: 41] This happened after Badr.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ، قَالَ: " نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " وَأَمَّا مَا احْتُجَّ بِهِ مِنْ وَقْعَةِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ، وَكَانَتْ وَقْعَتُهُمْ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، فَتَوَقَّفُوا فِيمَا صَنَعُوا، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ} [البقرة: ٢١٧]، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا خَالَفَ فِيهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ بِسَبِيلٍ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: فذَكَرْنَا قِصَّةَ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ.
Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I spoke to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about Surah al-Anfal, and he said: "It was revealed concerning Badr."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for what is taken as evidence from the incident of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn al-Hadrami, that incident was before Badr and before the revelation of these verses. Their incident took place at the end of the sacred month, so they held back (from deciding) about it until this verse was revealed: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] And it has no bearing on the matter in which al-Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) was opposed. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The story of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) has already been mentioned in the narration of Sayyiduna Jundub bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for what is taken as evidence from the incident of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn al-Hadrami, that incident was before Badr and before the revelation of these verses. Their incident took place at the end of the sacred month, so they held back (from deciding) about it until this verse was revealed: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] And it has no bearing on the matter in which al-Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) was opposed. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The story of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) has already been mentioned in the narration of Sayyiduna Jundub bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ ⦗١٠٠⦘ جَحْشٍ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " كُنْ بِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِخَبَرٍ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ "، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِقِتَالٍ وَذَلِكَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْلِمَهُ أَيْنَ يَسِيرُ، فَقَالَ: " اخْرُجْ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ حَتَّى إِذَا سِرْتَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَافْتَحْ كِتَابَكَ وَانْظُرْ فِيهِ فَمَا أَمَرْتُكَ فِيهِ فَامْضِ لَهُ، وَلَا تَسْتَكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ عَلَى الذَّهَابِ مَعَكَ "، فَلَمَّا سَارَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتْحَ الْكِتَابَ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ أَنِ امْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ، فَتَأْتِيَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً، مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ مَعِي فَإِنِّي مَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَرْجِعْ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا. فَمَضَى مَعَهُ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبُحْرَانَ أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ، فَتَخَلَّفَا عَلَيْهِ يَطْلُبَانِهِ، وَمَضَى الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا نَخْلَةَ، فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَعُثْمَانُ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللهِ، مَعَهُمْ تِجَارَةٌ قَدِمُوا بِهَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ أُدُمٌ وَزَبِيبٌ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَوْمُ أَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ حَلِيقًا قَالُوا: عُمَّارٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ بَأْسٌ، وَائْتَمَرَ الْقَوْمُ بِهِمْ - يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، فَقَالُوا: لَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقْتُلُونَهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَلَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ الْحَرَمَ فَلَيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ، فَأَجْمَعَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ، فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاسْتَأْسَرَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ، وَهَرَبَ الْمُغِيرَةُ وَأَعْجَزَهُمْ، وَاسْتَاقُوا الْعِيرَ فَقَدِمُوا بِهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " وَاللهِ مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ". فَأَوْقَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَسِيرَيْنِ وَالْعِيرَ، فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ أُسْقِطَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا، وَعَنَّفَهُمْ إِخْوَانُهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حِينَ بَلَغَهُمْ أَمْرُ هَؤُلَاءِ: قَدْ سَفَكَ مُحَمَّدٌ الدَّمَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَأَخَذَ فِيهِ الْمَالَ، وَأَسَرَ فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ، وَاسْتَحَلَّ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي ذَلِكَ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ} [البقرة: ٢١٧]، يَقُولُ: الْكُفْرُ بِاللهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَت ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْعِيرَ، وَفَدَى الْأَسِيرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: أَتَطْمَعُ لَنَا أَنْ تَكُونَ غَزْوَةً، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِمْ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا} [البقرة: ٢١٨]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ}، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَكَانُوا ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَمِيرُهُمُ التَّاسِعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ "..
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Nakhlah and said: "Stay there and bring us news of Quraysh." He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order him to fight, and this was in the sacred month. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a letter before telling him where he was to go, and said: "Set out with your companions, and after travelling for two days open it, see what I have ordered you, and act upon it; and do not force any of your companions to go with you." When they had travelled for two days, he opened the letter, and in it was written: "Continue until you camp at Nakhlah, and bring us whatever news of Quraysh reaches you."
He said to his companions: "Hearing and obeying is binding. Whoever seeks martyrdom, let him come with me; I am going on by the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever dislikes this may go back, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden me to force you." The people went with him, and when they reached Buhran, the camel of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas and Sayyiduna Utbah bin Ghazwan (may Allah be pleased with them both) went missing, and they fell behind their companions searching for it. The people went on until they reached Nakhlah, and Amr bin al-Hadrami, al-Hakam bin Kaysan, Uthman and al-Mughirah passed by them, the last two being sons of Abdullah. They had trade goods with them, leather and raisins, which they had brought from Ta'if. When the people saw them, Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) looked out over them; he had shaved his head. When they saw (him), they said: "There is no fear from them; these are people performing Umrah." Then those people consulted together on the last day of Rajab: "If you kill them, it is the sacred month; and if you leave them, they will enter the Haram tonight and killing them will be forbidden to you." So the people agreed to kill them. Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah al-Tamimi (may Allah be pleased with him) shot Amr bin al-Hadrami with an arrow and killed him, and they took Uthman bin Abdullah and al-Hakam bin Kaysan captive, while al-Mughirah fled and they could not catch him. They took the caravan and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "By Allah, I did not order you to fight in the sacred month." He (peace and blessings be upon him) held back the caravan and the captives and took nothing from them. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called them to account, they were filled with regret and thought that they were ruined, and the Muslims rebuked them. When the news reached Quraysh, they said: "Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has shed blood in the sacred month, taken wealth in it, imprisoned men in it, and violated the sanctity of the month." So Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter, but turning people away from the path of Allah, disbelieving in Him, (barring access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and expelling its people from it are graver in the sight of Allah, and fitnah (persecution) is graver than killing." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] Allah Almighty declared that disbelieving in Allah is graver than fighting. When these verses were revealed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the caravan and set a ransom on the captives. The Muslims said: "Do you consider this a military campaign (ghazwah) for us?" So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Indeed, those who believed, emigrated and strove in the path of Allah, it is they who hope for the mercy of Allah." [Surah al-Baqarah: 218] They were eight, and the ninth, their commander, was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him).
He said to his companions: "Hearing and obeying is binding. Whoever seeks martyrdom, let him come with me; I am going on by the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever dislikes this may go back, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden me to force you." The people went with him, and when they reached Buhran, the camel of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas and Sayyiduna Utbah bin Ghazwan (may Allah be pleased with them both) went missing, and they fell behind their companions searching for it. The people went on until they reached Nakhlah, and Amr bin al-Hadrami, al-Hakam bin Kaysan, Uthman and al-Mughirah passed by them, the last two being sons of Abdullah. They had trade goods with them, leather and raisins, which they had brought from Ta'if. When the people saw them, Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) looked out over them; he had shaved his head. When they saw (him), they said: "There is no fear from them; these are people performing Umrah." Then those people consulted together on the last day of Rajab: "If you kill them, it is the sacred month; and if you leave them, they will enter the Haram tonight and killing them will be forbidden to you." So the people agreed to kill them. Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah al-Tamimi (may Allah be pleased with him) shot Amr bin al-Hadrami with an arrow and killed him, and they took Uthman bin Abdullah and al-Hakam bin Kaysan captive, while al-Mughirah fled and they could not catch him. They took the caravan and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "By Allah, I did not order you to fight in the sacred month." He (peace and blessings be upon him) held back the caravan and the captives and took nothing from them. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called them to account, they were filled with regret and thought that they were ruined, and the Muslims rebuked them. When the news reached Quraysh, they said: "Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has shed blood in the sacred month, taken wealth in it, imprisoned men in it, and violated the sanctity of the month." So Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter, but turning people away from the path of Allah, disbelieving in Him, (barring access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and expelling its people from it are graver in the sight of Allah, and fitnah (persecution) is graver than killing." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] Allah Almighty declared that disbelieving in Allah is graver than fighting. When these verses were revealed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the caravan and set a ransom on the captives. The Muslims said: "Do you consider this a military campaign (ghazwah) for us?" So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Indeed, those who believed, emigrated and strove in the path of Allah, it is they who hope for the mercy of Allah." [Surah al-Baqarah: 218] They were eight, and the ninth, their commander, was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، أنبأ⦗١٠١⦘ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ بِمَعْنَى هَذَا، قَالَ: " وَذَلِكَ فِي رَجَبٍ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ ".
Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him), narrating this same incident of Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him), said that it took place in Rajab, two months before the Battle of Badr, and that this also indicates that this incident was before the revelation of the verse concerning the division of spoils.
