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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: قسمة الغنيمة في دار الحرب
Chapter: Dividing the war booty in enemy territory
Bayhaqi 17989 — Dividing the war booty in enemy territory
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ ⦗١٠٠⦘ جَحْشٍ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " كُنْ بِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِخَبَرٍ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ "، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِقِتَالٍ وَذَلِكَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْلِمَهُ أَيْنَ يَسِيرُ، فَقَالَ: " اخْرُجْ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ حَتَّى إِذَا سِرْتَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَافْتَحْ كِتَابَكَ وَانْظُرْ فِيهِ فَمَا أَمَرْتُكَ فِيهِ فَامْضِ لَهُ، وَلَا تَسْتَكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ عَلَى الذَّهَابِ مَعَكَ "، فَلَمَّا سَارَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتْحَ الْكِتَابَ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ أَنِ امْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ، فَتَأْتِيَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً، مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ مَعِي فَإِنِّي مَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَرْجِعْ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا. فَمَضَى مَعَهُ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبُحْرَانَ أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ، فَتَخَلَّفَا عَلَيْهِ يَطْلُبَانِهِ، وَمَضَى الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا نَخْلَةَ، فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَعُثْمَانُ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللهِ، مَعَهُمْ تِجَارَةٌ قَدِمُوا بِهَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ أُدُمٌ وَزَبِيبٌ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَوْمُ أَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ حَلِيقًا قَالُوا: عُمَّارٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ بَأْسٌ، وَائْتَمَرَ الْقَوْمُ بِهِمْ - يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، فَقَالُوا: لَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقْتُلُونَهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَلَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ الْحَرَمَ فَلَيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ، فَأَجْمَعَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ، فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاسْتَأْسَرَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ، وَهَرَبَ الْمُغِيرَةُ وَأَعْجَزَهُمْ، وَاسْتَاقُوا الْعِيرَ فَقَدِمُوا بِهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " وَاللهِ مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ". فَأَوْقَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَسِيرَيْنِ وَالْعِيرَ، فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ أُسْقِطَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا، وَعَنَّفَهُمْ إِخْوَانُهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حِينَ بَلَغَهُمْ أَمْرُ هَؤُلَاءِ: قَدْ سَفَكَ مُحَمَّدٌ الدَّمَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَأَخَذَ فِيهِ الْمَالَ، وَأَسَرَ فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ، وَاسْتَحَلَّ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي ذَلِكَ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ} [البقرة: ٢١٧]، يَقُولُ: الْكُفْرُ بِاللهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَت ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْعِيرَ، وَفَدَى الْأَسِيرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: أَتَطْمَعُ لَنَا أَنْ تَكُونَ غَزْوَةً، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِمْ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا} [البقرة: ٢١٨]، إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ}، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَكَانُوا ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَمِيرُهُمُ التَّاسِعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ "..
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Nakhlah and said: "Stay there and bring us news of Quraysh." He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order him to fight, and this was in the sacred month. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a letter before telling him where he was to go, and said: "Set out with your companions, and after travelling for two days open it, see what I have ordered you, and act upon it; and do not force any of your companions to go with you." When they had travelled for two days, he opened the letter, and in it was written: "Continue until you camp at Nakhlah, and bring us whatever news of Quraysh reaches you."
He said to his companions: "Hearing and obeying is binding. Whoever seeks martyrdom, let him come with me; I am going on by the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever dislikes this may go back, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden me to force you." The people went with him, and when they reached Buhran, the camel of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas and Sayyiduna Utbah bin Ghazwan (may Allah be pleased with them both) went missing, and they fell behind their companions searching for it. The people went on until they reached Nakhlah, and Amr bin al-Hadrami, al-Hakam bin Kaysan, Uthman and al-Mughirah passed by them, the last two being sons of Abdullah. They had trade goods with them, leather and raisins, which they had brought from Ta'if. When the people saw them, Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) looked out over them; he had shaved his head. When they saw (him), they said: "There is no fear from them; these are people performing Umrah." Then those people consulted together on the last day of Rajab: "If you kill them, it is the sacred month; and if you leave them, they will enter the Haram tonight and killing them will be forbidden to you." So the people agreed to kill them. Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah al-Tamimi (may Allah be pleased with him) shot Amr bin al-Hadrami with an arrow and killed him, and they took Uthman bin Abdullah and al-Hakam bin Kaysan captive, while al-Mughirah fled and they could not catch him. They took the caravan and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "By Allah, I did not order you to fight in the sacred month." He (peace and blessings be upon him) held back the caravan and the captives and took nothing from them. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called them to account, they were filled with regret and thought that they were ruined, and the Muslims rebuked them. When the news reached Quraysh, they said: "Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has shed blood in the sacred month, taken wealth in it, imprisoned men in it, and violated the sanctity of the month." So Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter, but turning people away from the path of Allah, disbelieving in Him, (barring access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and expelling its people from it are graver in the sight of Allah, and fitnah (persecution) is graver than killing." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] Allah Almighty declared that disbelieving in Allah is graver than fighting. When these verses were revealed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the caravan and set a ransom on the captives. The Muslims said: "Do you consider this a military campaign (ghazwah) for us?" So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Indeed, those who believed, emigrated and strove in the path of Allah, it is they who hope for the mercy of Allah." [Surah al-Baqarah: 218] They were eight, and the ninth, their commander, was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him).
He said to his companions: "Hearing and obeying is binding. Whoever seeks martyrdom, let him come with me; I am going on by the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever dislikes this may go back, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden me to force you." The people went with him, and when they reached Buhran, the camel of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas and Sayyiduna Utbah bin Ghazwan (may Allah be pleased with them both) went missing, and they fell behind their companions searching for it. The people went on until they reached Nakhlah, and Amr bin al-Hadrami, al-Hakam bin Kaysan, Uthman and al-Mughirah passed by them, the last two being sons of Abdullah. They had trade goods with them, leather and raisins, which they had brought from Ta'if. When the people saw them, Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) looked out over them; he had shaved his head. When they saw (him), they said: "There is no fear from them; these are people performing Umrah." Then those people consulted together on the last day of Rajab: "If you kill them, it is the sacred month; and if you leave them, they will enter the Haram tonight and killing them will be forbidden to you." So the people agreed to kill them. Sayyiduna Waqid bin Abdullah al-Tamimi (may Allah be pleased with him) shot Amr bin al-Hadrami with an arrow and killed him, and they took Uthman bin Abdullah and al-Hakam bin Kaysan captive, while al-Mughirah fled and they could not catch him. They took the caravan and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "By Allah, I did not order you to fight in the sacred month." He (peace and blessings be upon him) held back the caravan and the captives and took nothing from them. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called them to account, they were filled with regret and thought that they were ruined, and the Muslims rebuked them. When the news reached Quraysh, they said: "Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has shed blood in the sacred month, taken wealth in it, imprisoned men in it, and violated the sanctity of the month." So Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "They ask you about fighting in the sacred month. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter, but turning people away from the path of Allah, disbelieving in Him, (barring access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and expelling its people from it are graver in the sight of Allah, and fitnah (persecution) is graver than killing." [Surah al-Baqarah: 217] Allah Almighty declared that disbelieving in Allah is graver than fighting. When these verses were revealed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the caravan and set a ransom on the captives. The Muslims said: "Do you consider this a military campaign (ghazwah) for us?" So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Indeed, those who believed, emigrated and strove in the path of Allah, it is they who hope for the mercy of Allah." [Surah al-Baqarah: 218] They were eight, and the ninth, their commander, was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him).
