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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: قسمة الغنيمة في دار الحرب
Chapter: Dividing the war booty in enemy territory
Bayhaqi 17973 — Dividing the war booty in enemy territory
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّوفِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ح، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ وَهَذَا حَدِيثُهُ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرَ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو صِرْمَةَ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو صِرْمَةُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَذْكُرُ الْعَزْلَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَزْوَةَ الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَسَبَيْنَا كَرَائِمَ الْعَرَبِ وَطَالَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْعُزْبَةُ وَرَغِبْنَا فِي الْفِدَاءِ، فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَمْتِعَ وَنَعْزِلَ، فَقُلْنَا نَفْعَلُ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا فَلَا نَسْأَلُهُ، فَسَأَلْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا، مَا كَتَبَ اللهُ خَلْقَ نَسَمَةٍ هِيَ كَائِنَةٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا سَتَكُونُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، وَقُتَيْبَةَ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَسَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ غَنَائِمَهُمْ قَبْلَ الرُّجُوعِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، كَمَا قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ: افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِلَادَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَصَارَتْ بِلَادُهُمْ دَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَبَعَثَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ يَأْخُذُ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مُجِيبًا لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ: " أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ فِي نِعَمِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَسَبَاهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَسَبْيَهُمْ فِي دَارِهِمْ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمُوا بَعْدَهَا بِزَمَانٍ، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ مُصَدِّقًا سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَقَدْ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْهُمْ، وَدَارُهُمْ دَارُ حَرْبٍ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ فَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عُرْوَةُ، وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ ".
Abu Sirmah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): Did you hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mention 'azl (coitus interruptus)? He said: Yes. We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq. We took noble Arab women captive, our time away from our wives grew long, and we desired the ransom, so we wished to enjoy them and practise 'azl. We said: Shall we do so while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is among us, without asking him? So we asked, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no harm on you if you do not do it; any soul whose creation Allah has decreed will certainly come into being, until the Day of Resurrection."
This is evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils before coming back to Madinah, as is the position of Imam al-Awza'i and Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both). Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Banu al-Mustaliq and prevailed over them, their land became part of the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), refuting Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him), replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raided them while they were heedless among their livestock; he killed them and took them captive, and their properties and captives were divided. This was in their own land, in the year 5 AH, whereas they became Muslim a long time after that. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah, and that was in the year 10 AH; and when he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from them, it was still enemy territory.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It took place in the year 5 AH; so said Urwah and Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on them both).
This is evidence that he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils before coming back to Madinah, as is the position of Imam al-Awza'i and Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on them both). Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Banu al-Mustaliq and prevailed over them, their land became part of the abode of Islam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), refuting Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him), replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raided them while they were heedless among their livestock; he killed them and took them captive, and their properties and captives were divided. This was in their own land, in the year 5 AH, whereas they became Muslim a long time after that. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent al-Walid bin Uqbah to collect zakah, and that was in the year 10 AH; and when he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from them, it was still enemy territory.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It took place in the year 5 AH; so said Urwah and Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on them both).
