Judgeship

Sayyiduna Utbah bin Abd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The caliphate will remain in Quraysh, the office of judgment among the Ansar, the call (da'wah) among the Abyssinians, and emigration (hijrah) among the Muslims, and there will be Muhajirun after that as well."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Rule will remain in Quraysh, the office of judge among the Ansar, the call to prayer (adhan) among the Abyssinians, (the upholding of) the covenant in Yemen, and trustworthiness among the people of the tribe of Azd." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say:
Al-Tirmidhi recorded this report, but he did not record these words: "(the upholding of) the covenant in Yemen."
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Imran bin Hittan narrates: I went to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and I kept conversing with her until we mentioned the judge. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "On the Day of Resurrection there will certainly come upon even the just judge a moment when he will wish that he had never given a judgment between two men, even concerning a single date."
Ahmad recorded it, and its chain is hasan (good); al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every leader of a clan, when he is brought on the Day of Resurrection, will have his hands bound, and nothing but justice will free him."
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
Abu Ya'la also recorded it, but with these words: "Either justice will free him, or injustice will destroy him." This report has various routes, which will come in the chapter on the caliphate.

Abdullah bin Mawhab narrates: Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Go and act as judge between the people." Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "O Commander of the Faithful, will you not excuse me from this?" Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I insist that you go and carry out the duties of a judge." Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Do not be hasty. I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever seeks refuge with Allah has sought a firm refuge.'" Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes." Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "I seek refuge with Allah from becoming a judge." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Why will you not do it, when your father used to give judgments as a judge?" Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever becomes a judge and judges with ignorance will be among the people of Hell; and whoever becomes a judge while being knowledgeable, and judges according to the truth or with justice, will ask to be let off even, with nothing for or against him.'" (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said:) "So what can I hope for after this?" (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: There is a hadith from him recorded by al-Tirmidhi in a different wording from this one.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and al-Bazzar and Ahmad also recorded it, but both of them in abridged form, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy). Ahmad added these words: So Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) excused him and said: "Do not force anyone (to do it)."

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to appoint him to the office of judge, but he refused and said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Judges are of three kinds: one will be saved and two will be in Hell. Whoever judges with injustice (the narrator is unsure; perhaps the words are:) or according to his desires, will be ruined; and whoever judges according to the truth will be saved."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat and al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and his wording is: "A judge who judges according to his desires will be in Hell; a judge who judges without knowledge will be in Hell; and a judge who judges according to the truth will be in Paradise." The narrators of al-Mu'jam al-Kabir are thiqat (trustworthy), and Abu Ya'la recorded something similar.

Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the judge gives judgment, the hand of Allah Almighty is with him, and when the one who distributes makes a distribution, the hand of Allah Almighty is with him."
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains Ibn Lahi'ah, whose hadith is hasan (good), though there is weakness in him.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this as a marfu' hadith: (The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:) "On the Day of Resurrection the judge will be brought and made to stand at the edge of Hell. If an order is given concerning him, he will be thrown into it, and he will keep falling in it for seventy years." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say:
Ibn Majah recorded this report, but with these words: "He will keep falling in it for forty years."
Al-Bazzar recorded it; its chain contains Mujalid bin Sa'id, whom al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) declared thiqah (trustworthy), while a group declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar al-Muzani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded me to act as judge between some people. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I cannot carry out the duties of a judge well." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The hand of Allah Almighty is with the judge as long as he does not deliberately commit injustice."
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Abu Dawud al-A'ma (the blind), who is a kadhdhab (liar).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): (The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:) "Indeed, Allah Almighty is with the judge as long as he does not deliberately commit injustice."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Hafs bin Sulayman al-Qari, whom Ahmad declared thiqah (trustworthy), while the Imams declared him da'if (weak). They attributed lying and fabricating hadith to him.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever takes charge of any affair of the Muslims with the intention of truth, Allah Almighty appoints two angels with him who grant him success and guide him; and whoever takes charge of any affair of the Muslims without the intention of truth, Allah Almighty leaves him to himself."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and al-Bazzar recorded it, but with these words: "The two angels grant him success and keep him on the right path, when good is intended for him." Its chain contains Ibrahim bin Khuthaym bin Irak, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Wathilah bin al-Asqa' (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whenever a Muslim takes charge of any affair of the Muslims, Allah Almighty sends to him two angels who guide him aright as long as he intends the truth; and when he deliberately intends injustice, the two of them leave him to himself."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Janah, the freed slave of al-Walid, whom al-Azdi declared da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty is with the judge as long as he does not deliberately commit injustice; Allah Almighty keeps granting him success toward good as long as he does not intend something other than it."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Abu Dawud al-A'ma (the blind), who has been accused of lying.

Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no judge among the judges of the Muslims except that two angels are with him, guiding him toward the truth as long as he does not intend something other than the truth. When he intends something other than it and deliberately commits injustice, the two angels disown him and leave him to himself."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Abu Dawud al-A'ma (the blind), who is a kadhdhab (liar).