السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: ما يفعله بالرجال البالغين منهم
What is done with the adult men among them
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " الْإِمَامُ فِيهِمْ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ، أَوْ يُعْطِيَ الْجِزْيَةَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، أَوْ يَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَوْ يُفَادِيَهِمْ بِمَالٍ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُمْ أَوْ بِأَسْرَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُطْلَقُونَ لَهُمْ، أَوْ يَسْتَرِقَّهُمْ فَإِنِ اسْتَرَقَّهُمْ أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ مَالًا فَسَبِيلُهُ سَبِيلُ الْغَنِيمَةِ، يُخْمَسُ وَيَكُونُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهَا لِأَهْلِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: كَيْفَ حَكَمْتَ فِي الْمَالِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ وَالنِّسَاءِ حُكْمًا وَاحِدًا، وَحَكَمْتَ فِي الرِّجَالِ أَحْكَامًا مُتَفَرِّقَةً؟ قِيَلَ: ظَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى قُرَيْظَةَ وَخَيْبَرَ، فَقَسَمَ عَقَارَهَا مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَالنَّخْلِ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ، وَسَبَى وِلْدَانَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهَوَازِنَ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ، فَقَسَمَهُمْ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَفِيمَا ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The imam has a choice concerning them (prisoners of war): if the idolaters do not accept Islam and the People of the Book do not pay the jizyah, he may kill them; or he may release them as a favour (without compensation); or he may ransom them, whether for wealth he takes from them or for Muslim captives released in exchange for them; or he may enslave them. If he enslaves them or takes wealth from them, its ruling is that of the spoils of war: its one-fifth (khumus) is taken out and the remaining four fifths belong to those entitled to the spoils. If someone says: You have given a single ruling regarding wealth, children and women, and different rulings regarding men; why is that? It will be said (to him): the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) overcame Banu Qurayzah and Khaybar and divided their immovable property, that is, their lands and date-palm orchards, as wealth is divided; and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took captive the children and women of Banu al-Mustaliq and Hawazin and divided them too as wealth is divided."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for what he said about Banu Qurayzah, it is in the (narration) that follows."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for what he said about Banu Qurayzah, it is in the (narration) that follows."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّ " يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى حَاربَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا، وَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَهُودَ الْمَدِينَةِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَهُمْ قَوْمُ عَبْدِ اللهِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَامٍ - وَيَهُودَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَكُلَّ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ،.
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah fought against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled Banu al-Nadir and allowed the people of Qurayzah to remain, showing them favour. After that Banu Qurayzah also fought, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) killed their men and divided their women, children and wealth among the Muslims, and he spared those who joined the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted them safety and they accepted Islam. He (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled the Jews of Madinah, among them Banu Qaynuqa', who were the people of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him), and the Jews of Banu Harithah, and he exiled every Jew who was in Madinah.
وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي خَيْبَرَ فَفِيمَا.
Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Were it not for my fear that the people who come later would be left destitute, I would divide every land that is conquered, just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي وِلْدَانِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، ح، قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، قَالَا: ثنا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ، قَالَ: " إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ الدُّعَاءُ فِي أَصْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ، وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ، وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ ". حَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ ". وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ الدُّعَاءِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْبَاقِي سَوَاءٌ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: غَزَوْنَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَسَبَيْنَا كَرَائِمَ الْعَرَبِ، فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَمْتِعَ وَنَعْزِلَ، فَسَأَلْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا ".
Ibn Awn (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I wrote to Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) asking about inviting (to Islam) before fighting. He replied: That invitation was only in the early period of Islam. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made a surprise raid on Banu al-Mustaliq while they were unaware (of the attack), and their animals were being watered. He (peace and blessings be upon him) killed their fighters and took their children captive, and on that day Sayyidah Juwayriyah bint al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with her) came to him (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated this to me, and he was in that army.
وَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي هَوَازِنَ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَخِي ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ أَخْبَرَاهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ حِينَ جَاءَهُ وَفْدُ هَوَازِنَ مُسْلِمِينَ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَسَبْيَهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَعِي مَنْ تَرَوْنَ وَأَحَبُّ الْحَدِيثِ إِلِيَّ أَصْدَقُهُ، فَاخْتَارُوا إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، إِمَّا السَّبْيَ، وَإِمَّا الْمَالَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَأْنَيْتُ بِكُمْ ". وَكَانَ أَنْظَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً حِينَ قَفَلَ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ، فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَيْرُ رَادٍّ إِلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، قَالُوا: فَإِنَّا نَخْتَارُ سَبْيَنَا. فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ إِخْوَانَكُمْ قَدْ جَاءُونَا تَائِبِينَ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ سَبْيَهُمْ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُطَيِّبَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى حَظِّهِ حَتَّى نُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَا يُفِيءُ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا ". فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: قَدْ طَيَّبْنَا ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ. فَقَالَ ⦗١١٠⦘ رَسُولُ اللهِ: " إِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ ". فَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ فَكَلَّمَهُمْ عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ طَيَّبُوا وَأَذِنُوا. " هَذَا الَّذِي بَلَغَنِي عَنْ سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَأَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَهْلَ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلَا شَيْءٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُمْ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ فِدْيَةً، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ، وَكَانَ الْمَقْتُولَانِ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَالنَّضْرَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Marwan bin al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) related that the delegation of Hawazin asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to return their wealth and captives. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "With me are those whom you see, and the speech most beloved to me is the most truthful. You may choose one of the two (the wealth or the captives), and I have been giving you time." the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had given them a respite of ten-odd nights on his return from Ta'if. When they became certain that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would return only one of the two, they asked for the return of the captives. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) praised Allah as He deserves, then said: "Amma ba'd (To proceed): Your brothers have come in repentance, and I wish to return their captives to them. Whoever among you wishes to do this willingly, let him do so, and whoever wishes to receive compensation for them, we will give him its replacement from the first fay' (that Allah grants us)." The people said: "We return them willingly, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We cannot know who gives permission and who does not. Go back and tell your leaders, and let them inform us." So the people spoke to their chiefs, and they informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that the people had given permission willingly. This is the report that reached me concerning the captives of Hawazin.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released some of the captives of Badr after taking ransom, from some he took nothing at all, and some he had executed. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had two of the captives of Badr executed: Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt and al-Nadr bin al-Harith.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released some of the captives of Badr after taking ransom, from some he took nothing at all, and some he had executed. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had two of the captives of Badr executed: Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt and al-Nadr bin al-Harith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَدَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمَغَازِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسَرَ النَّضْرَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْعَبْدِيَّ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَقَتَلَهُ بِالْبَادِيَةِ أَوِ الْأَثِيلِ صَبْرًا، وَأَسَرَ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ فَقَتَلَهُ صَبْرًا ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ صَاحِبِ الْمَغَازِي ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from the scholars of the military expeditions (maghazi) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had al-Nadr bin al-Harith al-Abdari bound and executed on the day of Badr at al-Safra' or al-Uthayl, and the same was done to Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا أَقْبَلَ بِالْأُسَارَى حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِعِرْقِ الظُّبْيَةِ أَمَرَ عَاصِمَ بْنَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَقْلَحِ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ عُنُقَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، فَجَعَلَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ يَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَاهُ، عَلَامَ أُقْتَلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " بِعَدَاوَتِكَ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ". فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنُّكَ أَفْضَلُ، فَاجْعَلْنِي كَرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِي إِنْ قَتَلْتَهُمْ قَتَلْتَنِي، وَإِنْ مَنَنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنَنْتَ عَلَيَّ، وَإِنْ أَخَذْتَ مِنْهُمُ الْفِدَاءَ كُنْتُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنْ لِلصِّبْيَةِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " النَّارُ، يَا عَاصِمُ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، قَدِّمْهُ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ ". فَقَدَّمَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ ".
Muhammad bin Yahya bin Sahl bin Abi Hathmah narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that when the captives were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at a place called Irq al-Zubyah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Asim bin Thabit bin Abi al-Aqlah (may Allah be pleased with him) to strike off the neck of Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt. Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt said: Why am I being killed from among these? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Because of your enmity towards Allah and His Messenger." Uqbah said: O Muhammad! Count me as one of the men of my people and treat me as you treat them: if you kill them, kill me; if you show favour to them, show favour to me; and if you take ransom from them, I will be like one of them. O Muhammad! Who will look after the children? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Fire is for them." "O Asim bin Thabit! Strike off his neck," so he beheaded him.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ الْجَلَّابُ، بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: أَرَادَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ مَسْرُوقًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَارَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: أَتَسْتَعْمِلُ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَقَايَا قَتَلَةِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَسْرُوقٌ: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ فِي أَنْفُسِنَا مَوْثُوقَ الْحَدِيثِ، أَنَّ ⦗١١١⦘ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لَمَّا أَرَادَ قَتْلَ أَبِيكَ قَالَ: مَنْ لِلصِّبْيَةِ؟ قَالَ: " النَّارُ "، قَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكَ مَا رَضِيَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when Dahhak bin Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to appoint Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) as a governor, Umarah bin Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do you want to appoint as governor one of the killers of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him)? Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said to Umarah (may Allah be pleased with him): Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who in our eyes was trustworthy in hadith, narrated to us that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to kill your father, he said: Who will look after the children? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Fire." I am pleased for you with what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was pleased with for you.
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَكَانَ الْمَمْنُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلَا فِدْيَةٍ أَبَا عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيَّ، تَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِبَنَاتِهِ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ عَهْدًا أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلَهُ، فَأَخْفَرَهُ وَقَاتَلَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ لَا يُفْلِتَ، فَمَا أُسِرَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ رَجُلٌ غَيْرُهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ امْنُنْ عَلَيَّ وَدَعْنِي لِبَنَاتِي وَأُعْطِيَكَ عَهْدًا أَنْ لَا أَعُودَ لِقِتَالِكَ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا تَمْسَحُ عَلَى عَارِضَيْكَ بِمَكَّةَ تَقُولُ: قَدْ خَدَعْتُ مُحَمَّدًا مَرَّتَيْنِ ". فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَضُرِبَ عُنُقُهُ. أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ. " وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ غَيْرِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released Abu Azzah al-Jumahi as a favour without ransom; (he did this) because of his daughters, and he took a pledge from him that he would not fight him again. But he broke the pledge and fought him on the day of Uhud, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed that he would not escape, and no one from the polytheists was taken captive except him. Abu Azzah al-Jumahi said: O Muhammad! Show me favour and leave me for my daughters, and I give you a pledge that I will not come to fight you again. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(No,) you will not stroke your cheeks in Makkah saying: I deceived Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) twice." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the order, and his neck was struck off.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ: أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَبَا عَزَّةَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْجُمَحِيَّ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ لِي خَمْسَ بَنَاتٍ لَيْسَ لَهُنَّ شَيْءٌ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِي عَلَيْهِنَّ، فَفَعَلَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ: أُعْطِيكَ مَوْثِقًا أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَكَ وَلَا أُكْثِرَ عَلَيْكَ أَبَدًا، فَأَرْسَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى أُحُدٍ جَاءَهُ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، فَقَالَ: اخْرُجْ مَعَنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُ مُحَمَّدًا مَوْثِقًا أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَهُ، فَضَمِنَ صَفْوَانُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَنَاتِهِ مَعَ بَنَاتِهِ إِنْ قُتِلَ، وَإِنْ عَاشَ أَعْطَاهُ مَالًا كَثِيرًا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَأُسِرَ وَلَمْ يُؤْسَرْ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّمَا أُخْرِجْتُ كَرْهًا وَلِي بَنَاتٌ فَامْنُنْ عَلَيَّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيْنَ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنِي مِنَ الْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ؟ لَا، وَاللهِ لَا تَمْسَحُ عَارِضَيْكَ بِمَكَّةَ تَقُولُ: سَخِرْتُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ ". قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَا يُلْدَغُ مِنْ جُحْرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، يَا عَاصِمُ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدِّمْهُ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ ". فَقَدَّمَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " ثُمَّ أَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ بَعْدُ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ بَعْدُ فَأَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released as a favour Abu Azzah Abdullah bin Amr bin Abd al-Jumahi, a poet who was among the captives of Badr. He had said: I have five daughters; show me favour for their sake. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) showed him favour. Abu Azzah said: I will neither come against you myself nor add to the numbers (against you). So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) let him go. When the Quraysh set out for the battle of Uhud, Safwan bin Umayyah demanded that Abu Azzah set out, but Abu Azzah said: I have made a firm pledge to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) not to fight him. So Safwan bin Umayyah took responsibility for raising his daughters if he were killed; and if he lived, he would be given a great deal of wealth. Then when he set out with the Quraysh in the battle of Uhud, he alone was taken captive. He said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! I was brought out by force; show me favour for the sake of my daughters. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Where is the covenant and pledge you gave me? No, by Allah! You will not stroke your cheeks in Makkah saying: I mocked Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) twice."
(b) Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice. O Asim bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)! Strike off his neck," so he beheaded him.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) captive and released him as a favour; then Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam, and his Islam became excellent.
(b) Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice. O Asim bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)! Strike off his neck," so he beheaded him.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) captive and released him as a favour; then Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam, and his Islam became excellent.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالَا: ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ⦗١١٢⦘ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَقُولُ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْلًا نَحْوَ أَرْضِ نَجْدٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ " قَالَ: عِنْدِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ خَيْرٌ، إِنْ تَقْتُلْنِي تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تُرِدِ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ. فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ "، فَقَالَ: عِنْدِي مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ. فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ ". فَخَرَجَ ثُمَامَةُ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ، وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ إِلِيَّ، وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ دِينٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الْأَدْيَانِ إِلِيَّ، وَوَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ، وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبُلْدَانِ كُلِّهَا إِلِيَّ، وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ، فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ لَهُ رِجَالٌ بِمَكَّةَ: أَصَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَاللهِ مَا صَبَوْتُ وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاللهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a detachment towards Najd. That detachment captured and brought back Thumamah bin Uthal, who was the chief of the region of Yamamah. They tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to him and asked him: "O Thumamah! How are you?" He replied: I am well. If you kill me, you will kill a man whose blood will be avenged; if you show favour, the favour will be met with gratitude; and if you want wealth, then ask, and you will be given as much wealth as you wish. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left him and went away. When the next day came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him about his state: "Thumamah! What is on your mind?" He replied: If you show favour, your (peace and blessings be upon him) favour will be met with gratitude; if you kill, you will kill a man whose blood will be avenged; and if you want wealth, you will be given as much wealth as you want. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left him again and went away. When the third day came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him, and he gave the same reply. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Release Thumamah." So he went to a palm grove near the mosque, took a bath, then entered the mosque and declared: 'Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh' (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the servant and Messenger of Allah). O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! By Allah, there was no face on the face of the earth more hateful to me than your face, but now your face has become the most beloved of all faces to me. By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than your religion, but now your religion has become the most beloved of all religions to me. By Allah, no city was more hateful to me than your city, but now your city has become the dearest of all cities to me. Your detachment captured me when I intended to perform Umrah; what is your view now? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him glad tidings and said: "Go and perform Umrah." When he came to Makkah, someone said: Have you become a Sabi'? He said: No; rather, I have entered Islam with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah, not a single grain of wheat from Yamamah will come to you until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gives permission for it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: كَانَ إِسْلَامُ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَعَا اللهَ حِينَ عَرَضَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا عَرَضَ لَهُ أَنْ يُمَكِّنَهُ اللهُ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ عَرَضَ لَهُ وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ فَأَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ ثُمَامَةُ مُعْتَمِرًا وَهُوَ عَلَى شِرْكِهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَحَيَّرَ فِيهَا حَتَّى أُخِذَ، وَأُتِيَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُبِطَ إِلَى عَمُودٍ مِنْ عُمُدِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا لَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ هَلْ أَمْكَنَ اللهُ مِنْكَ؟ ". قَالَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ تَعْفُ تَعْفُ عَنْ شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تَسْأَلْ مَالًا تُعْطَهُ. فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَرَكَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ مَرَّ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: " مَا لَكَ يَا ثُمَامَ؟ ". فَقَالَ: خَيْرًا يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ تَعْفُ تَعْفُ عَنْ شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تَسْأَلْ مَالًا تُعْطَهُ. ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ ⦗١١٣⦘ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَجَعَلْنَا - الْمَسَاكِينَ - نَقُولُ بَيْنَنَا: مَا نَصْنَعُ بِدَمِ ثُمَامَةَ؟، وَاللهِ لَأَكْلَةٌ مِنْ جَزُورٍ سَمِينَةٍ مِنْ فِدَائِهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ دَمِ ثُمَامَةَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ مَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " مَا لَكَ يَا ثُمَامَ؟ ". فَقَالَ: خَيْرًا يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ تَعْفُ تَعْفُ عَنْ شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تَسَألْ مَالًا تُعْطَهُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَطْلِقُوهُ فَقَدْ عَفَوْتُ عَنْكَ يَا ثُمَامَ ". فَخَرَجَ ثُمَامَةُ حَتَّى أَتَى حَائِطًا مِنْ حِيطَانِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَاغْتَسَلَ فِيهِ وَتَطَهَّرَ وَطَهَّرَ ثِيَابَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، وَاللهِ لَقَدْ كُنْتَ وَمَا وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ، وَلَا دِينَ أَبْغَضُ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ، وَلَا بَلَدَ أَبْغَضُ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ، ثُمَّ لَقَدْ أَصْبَحْتَ وَمَا وَجْهٌ أَحَبَّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ، وَلَا دِينَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ، وَلَا بَلَدَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ، وَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ قَدْ خَرَجْتُ مُعْتَمِرًا وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ قَوْمِي، فَبَشِّرْنِي صَلَّى الله عَلَيْكَ فِي عُمْرَتِي. فَبَشَّرَهُ وَعَلَّمَهُ، فَخَرَجَ مُعْتَمِرًا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وَسَمِعَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِأَمْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ، قَالُوا: صَبَأَ ثُمَامَةُ، فَأَغْضَبُوهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا صَبَوْتُ، وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَصَدَّقْتُ مُحَمَّدًا، وَآمَنْتُ بِهِ، وَايْمُ الَّذِي نَفْسُ ثُمَامَةَ بِيَدِهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةٌ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَكَانَتْ رِيفَ مَكَّةَ، مَا بَقِيتُ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. وَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى بَلَدِهِ، وَمَنَعَ الْحَمْلَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى جَهَدَتْ قُرَيْشٌ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ بِأَرْحَامِهِمْ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى ثُمَامَةَ يُخَلِّي إِلَيْهِمْ حَمْلَ الطَّعَامِ، فَفَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: This is the story of the Islam of Thumamah bin Uthal al-Hanafi. When Thumamah confronted the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed to Allah that Allah would give him power over him; he had confronted him while still a polytheist and had intended to kill him. Then Thumamah, still in a state of polytheism, was passing through Madinah with the intention of performing Umrah when the Companions seized him and presented him in the court of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By his order he was tied to one of the pillars of the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to him and asked: "O Thumamah! How are you? Has Allah given (us) power over you?" He said: "O Muhammad! If you kill me, you will kill a man whose blood will be avenged. If you (peace and blessings be upon him) forgive, the forgiveness will be met with gratitude. If you (peace and blessings be upon him) want wealth, wealth will also be given." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left him in that state and went away. The next day he came again and asked: "How are you, Thumamah?" He said: "I am well, O Muhammad! If you kill me, you will kill a man whose blood will be avenged. If you forgive, the forgiveness will be met with gratitude. If you ask for wealth, it will be given." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went away again. Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We poor ones sat talking about Thumamah's blood, (saying:) By Allah! Rather than Thumamah's blood, fat, healthy camels as ransom in exchange for him would be better. Then in the morning the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to him and asked: "Thumamah, how are you?" He said: "I am well, O Muhammad! If you kill, you will kill a man whose blood will be avenged. If you forgive, the forgiveness will be met with gratitude. If you ask for wealth, wealth will also be given." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Release Thumamah. O Thumamah! I have forgiven you." Then Thumamah took a bath in one of the gardens of Madinah, purified his clothes and his body, and came back while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting among his Companions. He said: "O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! No face was more hateful to me than your face, no religion was more hateful to me than your religion, and no city seemed more hateful to me than your city." Then he said: "Now no face is more beloved (to me) than your face, no religion seems better than your religion, and no city seems better than your city. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the servant and Messenger of Allah. O Messenger of Allah! I set out for Umrah while still on the religion of my people; give me glad tidings concerning my Umrah. May Allah send mercy upon you." He gave him glad tidings and also taught him the method. He set out for Umrah. When he came to Makkah and the Quraysh heard him speak about his religion, they began to say: Thumamah has abandoned his religion. They angered Thumamah. Thumamah said: "I have not abandoned religion; I have accepted Islam, affirmed the truth of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and believed in him. By Allah! Not a single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamamah (and Yamamah was a fertile place) as long as I live, unless the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gives permission." He went back to his land, and on arriving he stopped the grain to Makkah until the Quraysh fell into hardship. They wrote to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), invoking their ties of kinship, asking him to write to Thumamah to send the grain, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) issued an order to Thumamah to send the grain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، قَالَ: وَأَقْبَلَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: هَبْ لِي الزُّبَيْرَ الْيَهُودِيَّ أَجْزِيهِ، فَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِي يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ. فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ ثَابِتٌ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هَلْ تَعْرِفُنِي؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَهَلْ يُنْكِرُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ؟ قَالَ ثَابِتٌ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَجْزِيَكَ الْيَوْمَ بِيَدٍ لَكَ عِنْدِي يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ. قَالَ: فَافْعَلْ فَإِنَّ الْكَرِيمَ يَجْزِي الْكَرِيمَ. قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، قَدْ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَهَبَكَ لِي. فَأَطْلَقَ عَنْهُ إِسَارَهُ. فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: لَيْسَ لِي قَائِدٌ وَقَدْ أَخَذْتُمُ امْرَأَتِي وَبَنِيَّ. فَرَجَعَ ثَابِتٌ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: رَدَّ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَتَكَ وَبَنِيكَ. فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: حَائِطٌ لِي فِيهِ أَعْذُقٌ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَا لِأَهْلِي عَيْشٌ إِلَّا بِهِ. فَرَجَعَ ثَابِتٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَهَبَ لَهُ، فَرَجَعَ ثَابِتٌ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ رَدَّ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَهْلَكَ وَمَالَكَ فَأَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ. قَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ الْجَلِيسَانِ، وَذَكَرَ رِجَالَ قَوْمِهِ، قَالَ ثَابِتٌ: قَدْ قُتِلُوا وَفُرِغَ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَعَلَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْقَاكَ لَخَيْرٍ. قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَسْأَلُكَ بِاللهِ يَا ثَابِتُ وَبِيَدِي الْخَصِيمِ عِنْدَكَ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ إِلَّا أَلْحَقْتَنِي بِهِمْ، فَلَيْسَ فِي الْعَيْشِ خَيْرٌ بَعْدَهُمْ. ⦗١١٤⦘ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ ثَابِتٌ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَمَرَ بِالزُّبَيْرِ فَقُتِلَ. " وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَاطَا الْقُرَظِيُّ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ كَبِيرًا أَعْمَى ".
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Grant me al-Zubayr the Jew, so that I may repay the favour he did me on the day of Bu'ath. He (peace and blessings be upon him) granted him to him. Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) asked al-Zubayr: Do you recognise me? He said: Yes! Would a man not recognise his brother? Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I want to repay your favour of the day of Bu'ath. Al-Zubayr the Jew said: Repay it; a noble man repays only a noble man. Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has granted him to me; I have released this captive of mine. Then al-Zubayr said: (What of) my wife and children? So Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) came back and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has returned your wife and children as well. Al-Zubayr said: (And) my garden on which my family lived? So Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted that as well. Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has returned your family and your wealth; "accept Islam and you will be safe." Al-Zubayr said: What became of my two companions? He mentioned men of his people. Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: They have been killed and done with; perhaps Allah Almighty has spared you only for some good. Al-Zubayr said: O Thabit! I ask you by Allah that you will only have repaid my favour when you join me with these companions of mine, for life after them holds no good for me. So Sayyiduna Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) told the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the order was given for al-Zubayr to be killed. (b) Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) mentions that on that day he was old and blind.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِأُسَارَى بَدْرٍ: " لَوْ كَانَ مُطْعِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا فَكَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ النَّتْنَى لَخَلَّيْتُهُمْ لَهُ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut'im narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Jubayr bin Mut'im, may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said about the captives of Badr: "If Mut'im bin Adi were alive and spoke to me about these foul people, I would release them for his sake."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرَوَيْهِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَنَبٍ الْبُخَارِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، ثنا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ " ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ جَبَلِ التَّنْعِيمِ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَخَذَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَعَفَا عَنْهُمْ، قَالَ: وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ: {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ} [الفتح: ٢٤]. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ.
Thabit narrates from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that eighty men of Makkah came down from the mountain of Tan'im at the time of the Fajr prayer, intending to attack the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) seized them and forgave them. The Qur'an was revealed: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Makkah, after He had given you victory over them." [Surah al-Fath: 24]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ فِي الْعِضَاهِ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ تَحْتَهَا، فَعَلَّقَ النَّاسُ سِلَاحَهُمْ فِي شَجَرَةٍ، فَجَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى سَيْفِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ وَسَلَّهُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " اللهُ ". فَشَامَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ السَّيْفَ، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِصَنِيعِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ لَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مَحْمُودٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) halted at a place, and the people went out looking for shade under the thorny trees. The people hung their weapons on the trees. A Bedouin took hold of his (peace and blessings be upon him) sword, drew it and said: "Who will protect you from me?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah." The Bedouin put the sword down. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called his Companions and informed them of what the Bedouin had done, while he was sitting beside him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not punish him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ، قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: وَكَانَ قَتَادَةُ يَذْكُرُ نَحْوَ ⦗١١٥⦘ هَذَا، وَيَذْكُرُ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَفْتِكُوا بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَرْسَلُوا هَذَا الْأَعْرَابِيَّ، وَيَتْلُو: {اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ} الْآيَةَ ".
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) mentions something similar, (saying) that a group of Arabs plotted to kill the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) treacherously, so they sent this Bedouin; then he recited this verse: "Remember the favour of Allah upon you when a people intended (to destroy you)." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 11]
وَأَمَّا الْمُفَادَاةُ بِالنَّفْسِ، فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، ح، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ الْكِلَابِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ حُلَفَاءَ لِبَنِي عَقِيلٍ، فَأَسَرَتْ ثَقِيفٌ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَسَرَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلًا وَأَصَابُوا مَعَهُ الْعَضْبَاءَ، فَأَتَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي الْوَثَاقِ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَأَتَاهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ ". فقَالَ: بِمَ أَخَذْتَنِي، وَبِمَ أَخَذْتَ سَابِقَ الْحَاجِّ؟ فَقَالَ: " إِعْظَامًا لِذَاكَ أُخِذْتَ بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكَ ثَقِيفٍ ". ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ، فَنَادَاهُ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَحِيمًا رَفِيقًا فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: " مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ ". فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ. قَالَ: " لَوْ قُلْتَهَا وَأَنْتَ تَمْلِكُ أَمْرَكَ أَفْلَحْتَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ ". ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ، فَنَادَاهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: " مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ ". فَقَالَ: إِنِّي جَائِعٌ فَأَطْعِمْنِي وَظَمْآنُ فَاسْقِنِي. قَالَ: " هَذِهِ حَاجَتُكَ ". قَالَ: فَفُدِيَ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ.
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Thaqif were allies of Banu Uqayl. Banu Thaqif took two Companions captive, and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) captured a man of Banu Uqayl and also seized al-Adba' (the she-camel) along with him. He was bound, and in that state the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by him, and he called out: O Muhammad! O Muhammad! He (peace and blessings be upon him) came to him and asked: "What is the matter?" He said: For what crime have you seized me? And why have you seized the one that outstrips the pilgrims (the she-camel al-Adba')? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is a grave matter; you have been seized for the crime of your allies, Banu Thaqif." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) went away. He called out: O Muhammad! O Muhammad! He (peace and blessings be upon him) was merciful and tender-hearted, so he came back. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is your state?" He said: I am a Muslim. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Had you said this when you were in control of your own affair, you would have attained complete success." He (peace and blessings be upon him) went away again. He called out: O Muhammad! O Muhammad! Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to him and asked: "What is your state?" He said: I am hungry, feed me; I am thirsty, give me water! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is your need." The narrator says: He was released in exchange for the two Companions.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " فَدَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَعْطَى رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ". " قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: " يَعْنِي أَخَذَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَعْطَى رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ".
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave one man of the polytheists as ransom for two men of the Muslims. Sufyan says: (That is,) the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took two men of the Muslims and gave one man of the polytheists. [Sahih. It has preceded.]
وَأَمَّا الْمُفَادَاةُ بِالْمَالِ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَرْفِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، ثنا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي زُمَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ قَالَ: " مَا تَرَوْنَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأُسَارَى؟ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةُ ⦗١١٦⦘ وَالْإِخْوَانُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّا نَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمُ الْفِدَاءَ؛ لِيَكُونَ لَنَا قُوَّةً عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَعَسَى الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَكُونُوا لَنَا عَضُدًا. قَالَ: " فَمَاذَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟ ". قُلْتُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، مَا أَرَى الَّذِي رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَكِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ وَصَنَادِيدُهُمْ فَقَرِّبْهُمْ وَاضْرِبْ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ. قَالَ: فَهَوِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الْفِدَاءَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِذَا هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَاعِدَانِ يَبْكِيَانِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أَخْبِرْنِي مِنْ أِيِّ شَيْءٍ تَبْكِي أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبُكَ؟ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ، وَإِلَّا تَبَاكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِكُمَا. قَالَ: الَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابُكَ، لَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ عَذَابُكُمْ أَدْنَى مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ، وَشَجَرَةٌ قُرَيْبَةٌ حِينَئِذٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ} [الأنفال: ٦٧] الْآيَةَ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، زَادَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال: ٦٩]، فَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْغَنِيمَةَ لَهُمْ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) (most of his hadiths are from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)): On the day of Badr, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is your opinion about these captives?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Prophet of Allah! They are the sons of our paternal uncles, our clan and our brothers. If we take ransom from them and release them, perhaps Allah Almighty will guide them, and we will also gain financial strength against the polytheists. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "O Ibn al-Khattab! What is your opinion?" I said: O Prophet of Allah! My opinion is not that of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him); rather, these are the leaders of disbelief, so strike off their heads. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted the opinion of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and did not accept mine. He (peace and blessings be upon him) took ransom from them. The next morning I went to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and saw that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and he (peace and blessings be upon him) were sitting and weeping. I asked: O Prophet of Allah! Tell me, what has made you and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) weep? If there is a reason to weep, I will weep too, or else I will weep because you two are weeping. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Because of what your companions put forward to me (about taking ransom), your punishment was shown to me closer than this tree. Then Allah Almighty revealed the Qur'an: 'It is not fitting for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued (the enemy) in the land. You desire the goods of this world, while Allah intends the Hereafter.' [Surah al-Anfal: 67]" (b) Ikrimah bin Ammar (may Allah have mercy on him) added something: "So eat of what you have taken as spoils, as lawful and good." [Surah al-Anfal: 69]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْبُرُلُّسِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَرْعَرَةَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَرْعَرَةَ، ثنا أَزْهَرُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: " إِنْ شِئْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَادَيْتُمُوهُمْ وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِالْفِدَاءِ وَاسْتُشْهِدَ مِنْكُمْ بِعُدَّتِهِمْ ". قَالَ: فَكَانَ آخِرُ السَّبْعِينَ ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ ". زَادَ الْبُرُلُّسِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَرْعَرَةَ: رَدَدْتُ هَذَا عَلَى أَزْهَرَ فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ: عُبَيْدَةُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Ubaydah narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said about the captives of Badr: "If you wish, kill them, or if you wish, take ransom and benefit from the ransom, and (then) the same number of your companions will be martyred." He says: Thabit bin Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) was the last of those seventy; he was martyred on the day of Yamamah.
(b) Al-Burullusi added in his narration that Ibn Ar'arah said: I put this matter back to Azhar, but he refused (to change it) and insisted on saying: Ubaydah narrates from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
(b) Al-Burullusi added in his narration that Ibn Ar'arah said: I put this matter back to Azhar, but he refused (to change it) and insisted on saying: Ubaydah narrates from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَكْرَاوِيُّ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَنْبَسِ، عَنْ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي فِدَاءِ الْأُسَارَى أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took four hundred as the ransom of the captives of the people of Jahiliyyah.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِي قِصَّةِ بَدْرٍ، قَالَ: " وَكَانَ فِي ⦗١١٧⦘ الْأُسَارَى أَبُو وَدَاعَةَ السَّهْمِيُّ، فَقَدِمَ ابْنُهُ الْمُطَّلِبُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَخَذَ أَبَاهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ قُرَيْشٌ فِي فِدَاءِ الْأُسَارَى، فَقَدِمَ مِكْرَزُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ فِي فِدَاءِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَقَالَ: اجْعَلُوا رِجْلِيَّ مَكَانَ رِجْلِهِ وَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُ حَتَّى يُبْعَثَ إِلَيْكَم بِفِدَائِهِ. فَخَلَّوْا سَبِيلَ سُهَيْلٍ وَحَبَسُوا مِكْرَزًا. قَالَ: فَفَدَى كُلُّ قَوْمٍ أَسِيرَهُمْ بِمَا رَضُوا. قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فِدَاءً الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَذَلِكَ لَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلًا مُوسِرًا، فَافْتَدَى نَفْسَهُ بِمِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةِ ذَهَبٍ ".
Ibn Ishaq says regarding the story of Badr: Abu Wada'ah al-Sahmi was a captive at Badr; his son obtained (the release of) his father for four thousand dirhams. The Quraysh sent the ransoms for him and for their (other) captives. Mikraz bin Hafs came with the ransom of Suhayl bin Amr and said: Imprison me in Suhayl's place, and release me when his ransom comes. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) released Suhayl and imprisoned Mikraz. The narrator says: All the people paid the ransom for their captives, as much as they agreed upon, and the largest ransom among the captives of Badr was that of Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him); he was a wealthy man, and he paid one hundred uqiyah of gold.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا الْقَبَّانِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّازِيُّ، قَالُوا: ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ الْحِزَامِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ اسْتَأْذَنُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: " ائْذَنْ لَنَا فَلْنَتْرُكْ لِابْنِ أُخْتِنَا الْعَبَّاسِ فِدَاءَهُ. فَقَالَ: " وَاللهِ لَا تَذَرُونَ دِرْهَمًا ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، " وَسَائِرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ قَدْ مَضَتْ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ ".
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says that some men of the Ansar sought permission from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Permit us to waive the ransom of our nephew (sister's son) Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! You shall not leave out even a single dirham."
