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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: ما يفعله بالرجال البالغين منهم
Chapter: What is done with the adult men among them
Bayhaqi 18029 — What is done with the adult men among them
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ: أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَبَا عَزَّةَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْجُمَحِيَّ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ لِي خَمْسَ بَنَاتٍ لَيْسَ لَهُنَّ شَيْءٌ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِي عَلَيْهِنَّ، فَفَعَلَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ: أُعْطِيكَ مَوْثِقًا أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَكَ وَلَا أُكْثِرَ عَلَيْكَ أَبَدًا، فَأَرْسَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى أُحُدٍ جَاءَهُ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، فَقَالَ: اخْرُجْ مَعَنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُ مُحَمَّدًا مَوْثِقًا أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَهُ، فَضَمِنَ صَفْوَانُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَنَاتِهِ مَعَ بَنَاتِهِ إِنْ قُتِلَ، وَإِنْ عَاشَ أَعْطَاهُ مَالًا كَثِيرًا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَأُسِرَ وَلَمْ يُؤْسَرْ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّمَا أُخْرِجْتُ كَرْهًا وَلِي بَنَاتٌ فَامْنُنْ عَلَيَّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيْنَ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنِي مِنَ الْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ؟ لَا، وَاللهِ لَا تَمْسَحُ عَارِضَيْكَ بِمَكَّةَ تَقُولُ: سَخِرْتُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ ". قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَا يُلْدَغُ مِنْ جُحْرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، يَا عَاصِمُ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدِّمْهُ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ ". فَقَدَّمَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " ثُمَّ أَسَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ بَعْدُ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ بَعْدُ فَأَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released as a favour Abu Azzah Abdullah bin Amr bin Abd al-Jumahi, a poet who was among the captives of Badr. He had said: I have five daughters; show me favour for their sake. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) showed him favour. Abu Azzah said: I will neither come against you myself nor add to the numbers (against you). So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) let him go. When the Quraysh set out for the battle of Uhud, Safwan bin Umayyah demanded that Abu Azzah set out, but Abu Azzah said: I have made a firm pledge to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) not to fight him. So Safwan bin Umayyah took responsibility for raising his daughters if he were killed; and if he lived, he would be given a great deal of wealth. Then when he set out with the Quraysh in the battle of Uhud, he alone was taken captive. He said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! I was brought out by force; show me favour for the sake of my daughters. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Where is the covenant and pledge you gave me? No, by Allah! You will not stroke your cheeks in Makkah saying: I mocked Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) twice."
(b) Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice. O Asim bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)! Strike off his neck," so he beheaded him.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) captive and released him as a favour; then Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam, and his Islam became excellent.
(b) Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice. O Asim bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)! Strike off his neck," so he beheaded him.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) captive and released him as a favour; then Thumamah bin Uthal (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam, and his Islam became excellent.
