Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: ما يفعله بالرجال البالغين منهم
Chapter: What is done with the adult men among them
Bayhaqi 18021 — What is done with the adult men among them
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " الْإِمَامُ فِيهِمْ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ، أَوْ يُعْطِيَ الْجِزْيَةَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، أَوْ يَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، أَوْ يُفَادِيَهِمْ بِمَالٍ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُمْ أَوْ بِأَسْرَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُطْلَقُونَ لَهُمْ، أَوْ يَسْتَرِقَّهُمْ فَإِنِ اسْتَرَقَّهُمْ أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ مَالًا فَسَبِيلُهُ سَبِيلُ الْغَنِيمَةِ، يُخْمَسُ وَيَكُونُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهَا لِأَهْلِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: كَيْفَ حَكَمْتَ فِي الْمَالِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ وَالنِّسَاءِ حُكْمًا وَاحِدًا، وَحَكَمْتَ فِي الرِّجَالِ أَحْكَامًا مُتَفَرِّقَةً؟ قِيَلَ: ظَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى قُرَيْظَةَ وَخَيْبَرَ، فَقَسَمَ عَقَارَهَا مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَالنَّخْلِ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ، وَسَبَى وِلْدَانَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهَوَازِنَ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ، فَقَسَمَهُمْ قِسْمَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا مَا قَالَ فِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَفِيمَا ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The imam has a choice concerning them (prisoners of war): if the idolaters do not accept Islam and the People of the Book do not pay the jizyah, he may kill them; or he may release them as a favour (without compensation); or he may ransom them, whether for wealth he takes from them or for Muslim captives released in exchange for them; or he may enslave them. If he enslaves them or takes wealth from them, its ruling is that of the spoils of war: its one-fifth (khumus) is taken out and the remaining four fifths belong to those entitled to the spoils. If someone says: You have given a single ruling regarding wealth, children and women, and different rulings regarding men; why is that? It will be said (to him): the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) overcame Banu Qurayzah and Khaybar and divided their immovable property, that is, their lands and date-palm orchards, as wealth is divided; and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took captive the children and women of Banu al-Mustaliq and Hawazin and divided them too as wealth is divided."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for what he said about Banu Qurayzah, it is in the (narration) that follows."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for what he said about Banu Qurayzah, it is in the (narration) that follows."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّ " يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى حَاربَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا، وَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَهُودَ الْمَدِينَةِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَهُمْ قَوْمُ عَبْدِ اللهِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَامٍ - وَيَهُودَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَكُلَّ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ،.
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah fought against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled Banu al-Nadir and allowed the people of Qurayzah to remain, showing them favour. After that Banu Qurayzah also fought, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) killed their men and divided their women, children and wealth among the Muslims, and he spared those who joined the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted them safety and they accepted Islam. He (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled the Jews of Madinah, among them Banu Qaynuqa', who were the people of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him), and the Jews of Banu Harithah, and he exiled every Jew who was in Madinah.
