السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ الْأَزْدِيُّ ح قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالُوا: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، ثنا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ إِلِيَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَجِئْتُهُ حِينَ تَعَالَى النَّهَارُ، فَقَالَ: فَوَجَدْتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ جَالِسًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَى رُمَالِهِ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا مَالُ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ، فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِي، قَالَ: خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ: نَعَمْ، فَائْذَنْ لَهُمْ، فَدَخَلُوا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الْآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ: أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ، قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ: فخيل إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر: ٧]، مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لَا، قَالَ: فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَكُمُ النَّضِيرَ، فَوَاللهِ مَا ⦗٤٨٦⦘ اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ: أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجِئْتُمَا، تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ، وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، فَوَلِيتُهَا، ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ، وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا، فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَكَذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا، وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلِيَّ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيِّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent for me, and I came to him during the day. I found him sitting on a bed without bedding, leaning on a pillow. He said to me: "O Malik! Some people of your tribe came to me, and I have ordered that something be given to them, so distribute it among them." I said: "I wish you had asked someone else to do this." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "No, rather you take it." Meanwhile, his servant Yarfa' came and said: "Uthman bin Affan, Abd al-Rahman bin Awf, al-Zubayr and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) are at the door asking permission; if you permit, shall I let them in?" He gave permission. When they had entered, Yarfa' came again and said: "Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) have also come." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave permission. Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer." Some of the people also said: "Yes, Commander of the Believers, judge between them." Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) said: It occurred to me that they were the ones who had sent Uthman and the others ahead. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" They answered yes. Then he turned to Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "I adjure you both by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" Both said: "Yes." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah Almighty singled out the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and did not single out anyone else. He said: 'What Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns is for Allah, for the Messenger and for the near relatives' [Surah al-Hashr: 7]." I do not know whether he recited the verse before it or not. "So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the property of Banu al-Nadir among you; he did not prefer anyone over you, nor did anyone besides you take it. From the wealth that remained, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would take a year's provision for himself, and whatever was left over was treated like the rest of the wealth." Then he said to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them): "I adjure you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know this?" They said: "Yes." Then he adjured Sayyiduna Abbas and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) as he had adjured the people: "Do you both know this?" They said: "Yes." Then he said: "When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).' Then you both came: you sought inheritance from your brother's son, and (this one sought) his wife's inheritance from her father. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity."' Yet you both considered him a liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer, while Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) passed away, and I said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and of Abu Bakr.' Yet you both considered me a liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer, while Allah knows that I am truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. So I was in charge of it. Then you both came to me together, your matter being one, and you both said: 'Give it to us.' I said: 'I will give it on the condition that you are bound by a covenant with Allah to manage it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do.' So you took it." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Is that so?" Both said: "Yes." "Then you have both come to me so that I may judge for you. By Allah! I will not give any judgment other than this until the Hour is established. If you are both unable (to manage it), then return it to me."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، وَقَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مُرْ بِهِ غَيْرِي، قَالَ: اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَذَا عُثْمَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَسَعْدٌ، وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا، يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ. ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، فَدَخَلَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا، قَالَ: وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، قَالَ الْقَوْمُ: أَجَلِ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: نَعَمْ، قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى ⦗٤٨٧⦘ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} [الحشر: ٦]، الْآيَةَ قَالَ: وَاللهِ مَا حَازَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دُونَكُمْ، وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ، وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَتَهُ. وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي، فَفَعَلْتُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي، جَاءَنِي هَذَا، يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ، وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا، يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ "، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا، فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَيَّامَ وَلِيتُهَا، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا، إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ. قَالَ: فَغَلَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهَا، فَكَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ. قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى وَلِيَ، يَعْنِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَقَبَضُوهَا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The messenger of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to summon me. I came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Some people of your tribe have come to Madinah, and we have ordered some wealth for them; take it and distribute it among them." I said: "O Commander of the Believers! Order someone other than me." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take it." Meanwhile his servant Yarfa' came and said: "Sayyiduna Uthman, Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman, Sayyiduna al-Zubayr, Sayyiduna Sa'd and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them) (I do not know whether he mentioned his name or not) are asking permission." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Give them permission." Then he waited for a while, and he said: "Sayyiduna Abbas and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) are also asking permission." Permission was given to them both as well, and they too came in. Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this man." The people (Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and the others) said: "Judge between them and give each of them relief from the other." Their dispute had become long, and at that time they were both disputing about the properties of Banu al-Nadir that had been given to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The people said: "Judge between the two of them and give each of them relief from the other." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" The people said: "Yes." Then he turned to the two of them, and they too answered yes. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will tell you about this wealth. Indeed, Allah singled out His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with something that He did not give to anyone else. He said: 'And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them' [Surah al-Hashr: 6]." Then he said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not single it out for anyone besides you, nor did he prefer anyone over you, and he divided it among you. From what remained, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend on his family for the whole year." Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "He would set aside the food of his household for the whole year." "Then he would put the rest into the wealth of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the successor (guardian) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); I will manage it as he used to manage it.'" Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You think that he was unjust in it, while Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then after Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) I took charge of it; for two years of my caliphate I managed it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it, and you think that I have been unjust, while Allah knows that I am truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then you came to me: that is, Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked me for his inheritance from his nephew, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came and asked for the inheritance of his wife from her father. I said to you: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from in anything; whatever we leave is charity."' Then it seemed right to me to give it to you, so I took the covenant of Allah from you and gave it on the condition that you would manage it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it. You both said: 'Give it to us.' So do you now expect from me a judgment other than this? By the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand, I will not give any judgment other than this. If you are both unable to manage it, then give it to me." Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prevailed over it, and it remained with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Sayyiduna Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Ali bin Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him), then with Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him). Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then it remained with Abdullah bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) until the Banu Abbas became rulers, and they took possession of it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمَّارُ بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أنا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ النَّصْرِيُّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دَعَاهُ بَعْدَمَا ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ قَالَ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى رُمَالِ سَرِيرٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الرُّمَالِ فِرَاشٌ، مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَالِكُ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ قَدِمَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ حَضَرُوا الْمَدِينَةَ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ، فَاقْبِضْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي، فَقَالَ: اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ. فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ، فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا، لِعَلِيٍّ، وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي انْصِرَافِ الَّذِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ⦗٤٨٨⦘ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: اتَّئِدُوا، أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ؟ قَالُوا: قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، فَقَالَ اللهُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر: ٦]، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَوَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ، وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلِ مَالِ اللهِ، فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيَاتَهُ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَبَضْتُهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي، أَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا تَذْكُرَانِ أَنِّي فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي كِلَاكُمَا وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ، وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ، فَجِئْتَنِي، يَعْنِي عَبَّاسًا، فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ: إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدًا لِلَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فِيهِ مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهُ، وَإِلَّا فَلَا تُكَلِّمَانِ، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ، فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ، أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَوَاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهُ فَادْفَعَاهُ إِلِيَّ؛ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَا. قَالَ: فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ، أَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَقُولُ: أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أَرُدُّهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ: أَلَا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ، أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ " يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، " إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ "؟ فَانْتَهَتْ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى مَا اخْتَرْتُهُنَّ وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي شَيْئًا، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَطَالَتْ فِيهِ خُصُومَتُهُمَا، فَأَبَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا عَبَّاسٌ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ⦗٤٨٩⦘ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ وَحَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، كِلَاهُمَا كَانَا يَتَدَاوَلَانِهَا، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، وَهِيَ صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَقًّا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Malik bin Aws says: Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) called me after the day had risen. I went, and he was sitting on a bed with no bedding in between, leaning on a pillow. He said: "O Malik! Some people of your tribe have come to Madinah. I have ordered some wealth for them; take it and distribute it among them." I said: "O Commander of the Believers! I wish you would order someone other than me." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take it." Meanwhile his doorkeeper Yarfa' came and said: "Uthman, Abd al-Rahman, al-Zubayr and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) have come." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Let them come in." After a little while he came again and said: "Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) have also come." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Give them permission too." The two of them came in. Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this man." They were disputing about the properties of Banu al-Nadir which Allah had given to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The group (Uthman and the others, may Allah be pleased with them) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between them and give each relief from the other." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity,' meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)?" They said: "He did say so." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "I adjure you both by Allah and ask: is it so?" Both said: "Yes." Then he said: "I will tell you about this. Allah Almighty singled out His Messenger with something of this fay' and did not give anything of it to anyone else. Allah said: 'And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them, you did not spur on for it any horses or camels; but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah has power over all things' [Surah al-Hashr: 6]. And this was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not single it out for anyone besides you, nor did he prefer anyone over you; he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to you and spread it among you until this wealth remained of it. From this wealth the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend on his family a whole year's provision, then he would take what remained and put it where the wealth of Allah is put. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) acted thus throughout his life. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).' Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took possession of it and managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had done, and you were there at that time." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You remember what you said about Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then Allah took Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and I said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him).' I took possession of it, and for two years of my rule I managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it, and you were there at that time." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You remember what you said about this, and Allah knows that I am truthful in it, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then you both came to me, your word being one and your matter being one, and I said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity."' Then, when it seemed right to me, I gave it to you, and I said: 'I will give it to you on the condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah to manage it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and I have managed it; otherwise, do not speak to me (about it).' You said: 'Give it to us on that condition.' So I gave it to you. Do you now want another judgment from me? By the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand! I will not give any judgment other than this until the Hour is established. If you are unable to manage it, then give it to me, and I will suffice you both in it."
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik spoke the truth. I heard Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) say: The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask for their one-eighth of the fay'. I said: "I will stop them from this." I said to them: "Do you not fear Allah? Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: 'We are not inherited from' (meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)), 'whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth'?" So the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped at what I told them. And Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, my heirs shall not divide anything; whatever we leave is charity." So it remained with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) as charity. Their dispute grew long. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to divide it, until Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) turned away from it. Then after Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) it remained with Hasan bin Ali, then Husayn bin Ali, then with both Ali bin Husayn and Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah be pleased with them), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), and it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik spoke the truth. I heard Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) say: The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask for their one-eighth of the fay'. I said: "I will stop them from this." I said to them: "Do you not fear Allah? Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: 'We are not inherited from' (meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)), 'whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth'?" So the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped at what I told them. And Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, my heirs shall not divide anything; whatever we leave is charity." So it remained with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) as charity. Their dispute grew long. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to divide it, until Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) turned away from it. Then after Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) it remained with Hasan bin Ali, then Husayn bin Ali, then with both Ali bin Husayn and Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah be pleased with them), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), and it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، أنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَدِيثًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَأَعْجَبَنِي، فَقُلْتُ: اكْتُبْهُ لِي، فَأَتَى بِهِ مَكْتُوبًا مُزَبَّرًا: دَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ طَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِطَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَسَعْدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " كُلُّ مَالِ النَّبِيِّ صَدَقَةٌ، إِلَّا مَا أَطْعَمَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَكَسَاهُمْ، إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ "؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْ مَالِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِفَضْلِهِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ سَنَتَيْنِ، فَكَانَ يَصْنَعُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَصْنَعُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ، وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ، إِلَى آخِرِهِ.
Abu al-Bakhtari (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard a hadith from a man and liked it, so I said to him: "Write it down for me." He brought it written out clearly: Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and with him were Talhah, al-Zubayr, Sa'd and Abd al-Rahman (may Allah be pleased with them). The two of them were disputing. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Talhah, al-Zubayr, Abd al-Rahman and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them): "Do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'All the wealth of the Prophet is charity, except what he feeds his family with and clothes them with; we are not inherited from'?" They said: "Yes, it is so." (He said:) "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend from his wealth on his family and give the surplus in charity. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was in charge of it for two years, and he too did just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكٍ، وَسَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ " وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ بَعْدُ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَهَجَرَتْهُ، فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ، فَدَفَنَهَا عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَيْلًا، وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا انْصَرَفَ وُجُوهُ النَّاسِ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: قُلْتُ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: كَمْ مَكَثَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: فَلَمْ يُبَايِعْهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، ⦗٤٩٠⦘ وَقَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي قُعُودِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ بَيْعَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي مُبَايَعَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ حِينَ بُويِعَ بَيْعَةَ الْعَامَّةِ بَعْدَ السَّقِيفَةِ أَصَحُّ، وَلَعَلَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَرَادَ قُعُودَهُ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعَةِ ثُمَّ نُهُوضَهُ إِلَيْهَا ثَانِيًا وَقِيَامَهُ بِوَاجِبَاتِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Fatimah and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) seeking their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and at that time they were both asking for his land at Fadak and his share from Khaybar. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad only eat from this wealth." And I too will do whatever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do. Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry and left Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and she did not speak to him until she died. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: During the life of Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had standing among the people; when Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died, the people's faces turned away from him. Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): "How long did Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) live after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He said: "Six months." A man said to al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): "Did Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) not pledge allegiance until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died?" He said: "Nor did anyone of Banu Hashim."
The statement of al-Zuhri about Ali refraining from the pledge to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died is munqati' (broken). The hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) about his pledging allegiance to him when the general pledge was given after al-Saqifah is more authentic. Perhaps al-Zuhri meant his holding back from it after the pledge, then his rising to it a second time and his carrying out its obligations, and Allah knows best.
The statement of al-Zuhri about Ali refraining from the pledge to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died is munqati' (broken). The hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) about his pledging allegiance to him when the general pledge was given after al-Saqifah is more authentic. Perhaps al-Zuhri meant his holding back from it after the pledge, then his rising to it a second time and his carrying out its obligations, and Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْيَمَانِ: أَخْبَرَكَ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفَاطِمَةُ حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، يَعْنِي مَالَ اللهِ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ "، وَإِنِّي وَاللهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ صَدَقَاتِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهَا فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنِّي لَا آلُو فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَإِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَتْرُكَ فِيهَا أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent word to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), from what Allah had restored to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). At that time Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was asking for the charity of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Madinah and Fadak, and what remained of the khumus (one-fifth) of Khaybar. Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth, meaning the wealth of Allah; they may not take more than their food." "And by Allah! I will not change the charities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the state they were in during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will manage them just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did." So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give anything of it to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) because of that. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): "By the One in whose hand is my soul, the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) are dearer to me to keep ties with than my own relatives. As for the dispute that has arisen between me and you over these charities, I will spare no effort in doing good in them, and I will not leave anything in them that I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) doing except that I do it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَةً لَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، قَالَ: فَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ وَصَدَقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ؛ فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ. فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ، فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهَا ⦗٤٩١⦘ عُمَرُ وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ، وَنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ، فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), asked Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), to divide for her her inheritance from what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left of what Allah had restored to him. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to her: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity." Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry and left Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and she remained like that until she died; she lived for six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) had asked Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) for her share of what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left: from Khaybar, Fadak and his charity in Madinah. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused her that and said: "I will not leave anything that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do except that I do it too; I fear that if I leave anything of his practice, I will deviate." As for his charity in Madinah, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed it over to Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prevailed over it. As for Fadak and Khaybar, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: "They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority." They have remained so until today.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، ثنا عَبْدَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْعَتَكِيُّ بِنَيْسَابُورَ، ثنا أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَرِضَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَتَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا فَاطِمَةُ، هَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْكِ، فَقَالَتْ: أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ آذَنَ لَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَذِنَتْ لَهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَتَرَضَّاهَا وَقَالَ: " وَاللهِ مَا تَرَكْتُ الدَّارَ وَالْمَالَ وَالْأَهْلَ وَالْعَشِيرَةَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللهِ وَمَرْضَاةِ رَسُولِهِ وَمَرْضَاتِكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ "، ثُمَّ تَرَضَّاهَا حَتَّى رَضِيَتْ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ.
Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) fell ill, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to her. He asked permission, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Fatimah! Abu Bakr has come; he is asking permission to come in to you." Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Would you like me to give him permission?" Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes." So Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) gave permission. He came in to Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), sought to please her, and said: "I did not leave my home, wealth, family and clan except for the pleasure of Allah, the pleasure of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the pleasure of you, the People of the House." Then he sought to please her until she was pleased.
This is a mursal (a report whose chain omits the Companion) that is hasan (good), with an authentic chain.
This is a mursal (a report whose chain omits the Companion) that is hasan (good), with an authentic chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ: جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَدَكٌ، وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا وَيَعُودُ مِنْهَا عَلَى صَغِيرِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَيُزَوِّجُ فِيهِ أَيِّمَهُمْ " وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهَا، فَأَبَى، فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَيَاتِهِ، حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، ثُمَّ أَقْطَعَهَا مَرْوَانَ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاطِمَةَ لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ، وَأَنَا أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ، يَعْنِي عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: إِنَّمَا أُقْطِعَ مَرْوَانُ فَدَكًا فِي أَيَّامِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَكَانَ مُسْتَغْنِيًا عَنْهَا بِمَالِهِ فَجَعَلَهَا لِأَقْرِبَائِهِ، وَوَصَلَ بِهَا رَحِمَهُمْ "، وَكَذَلِكَ تَأْوِيلُهُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ. وَذَهَبَ آخَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِذَلِكَ التَّوْلِيَةُ وَقَطْعُ جَرَيَانِ الْإِرْثِ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ تُصْرَفُ فِي مَصَالِحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، كَمَا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَفْعَلَانِ، وَكَمَا رَآهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ رَدَّ الْأَمْرَ فِي فَدَكٍ إِلَى مَا كَانَ. وَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهمَا ⦗٤٩٢⦘ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ، فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْآنَ.
Mughirah says: When Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) was made caliph, he gathered the sons of Marwan and said: "Fadak belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend from it and give from it to the young ones of Banu Hashim, and arrange marriages for their unmarried ones. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to her, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) refused. It remained thus during the life of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until he passed on. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge, and he too managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had done in his lifetime, until he too passed away. When Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge, he too did as the two before him had done, until he too passed on. Then it was granted to Marwan, and then it came to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him)." Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I have seen that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) withheld it from Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), so I have no right to it either, and I make you witnesses that I have returned it to how it was before, that is, in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
The Shaykh says: Fadak was granted to Marwan in the time of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and it is as though he interpreted what is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "When Allah gives a prophet a provision, it belongs to the one who takes his place after him"; and since he was in no need of it because of his own wealth, he gave it to his relatives and maintained the ties of kinship with them through it. This is how many of the people of knowledge have interpreted it. Others held that what is meant by it is the guardianship (of it) and cutting off the flow of inheritance in it, after which it is spent on the interests of the Muslims, as Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to do, and as Umar bin Abd al-Aziz saw when he returned the matter of Fadak to how it had been. Those who held this cited what we narrated in the hadith of al-Zuhri: "As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority.' They have remained so until now."
The Shaykh says: Fadak was granted to Marwan in the time of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and it is as though he interpreted what is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "When Allah gives a prophet a provision, it belongs to the one who takes his place after him"; and since he was in no need of it because of his own wealth, he gave it to his relatives and maintained the ties of kinship with them through it. This is how many of the people of knowledge have interpreted it. Others held that what is meant by it is the guardianship (of it) and cutting off the flow of inheritance in it, after which it is spent on the interests of the Muslims, as Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to do, and as Umar bin Abd al-Aziz saw when he returned the matter of Fadak to how it had been. Those who held this cited what we narrated in the hadith of al-Zuhri: "As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority.' They have remained so until now."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ح وَأنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَيَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لَهُنَّ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ "؟ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ: فَيَسْأَلْنَهُ حَقَّهُنَّ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُنَّ عَائِشَةُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, his wives intended to send Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him); they wanted to obtain their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) from him. Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said to them: "Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) not say: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?"
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ. قُلْتُ: أَلَا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ، أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْنَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا هَذَا الْمَالُ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لِنَائِبَتِهِمْ وَلِضَيْفِهِمْ، فَإِذَا مِتُّ فَهُوَ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِي "؟.
Through the chain of Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him): I said: "Did you not hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from. Whatever we leave is charity. This wealth is for the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), for their emergencies and for their guests; when I die, it will go to whoever is in charge after me.'"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيُّ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الذُّهْلِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا، مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي وَمُؤْنَةِ عَامِلِي فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "My heirs shall not divide (even) a dinar. Whatever I leave, after the maintenance of my wives and the provision of my worker, is charity."
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي ⦗٤٩٣⦘ هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَقَالَا: سَمِعْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and asked for her inheritance. They both said: "We heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity.'"
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا جَاءَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ يَرِثُكَ؟ قَالَ: أَهْلِي وَوَلَدِي، قَالَتْ: فَمَا لِي لَا أَرِثُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ " وَلَكِنِّي أَعُولُ مَنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُولُهُ، وَأُنْفِقُ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ..
It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "Who will inherit from you?" Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "My family and my children." Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Then what is wrong with me, that I cannot inherit from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)?" Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'We are not inherited from.' But I look after those whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to look after, and I spend on those on whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to spend."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يُوسُفُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ. وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ.
It is narrated from Abu Salamah (may Allah have mercy on him) that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and he narrated the rest of the hadith in the same way, but Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) is not mentioned in it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، ثنا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ لَا يُورَثُ " وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: " إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ ".
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A prophet is not inherited from."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا ابْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: " أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَوْ كُنْتُ مَكَانَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَحَكَمْتُ بِمِثْلِ مَا حَكَمَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي فَدَكٍ ".
Zayd bin Ali (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If I had been in the place of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), I too would have given the same judgment about Fadak that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ح قَالَ: وَأنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَعَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَحَدُهُمَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى الْآخَرِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا قَدِمَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا " قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَقْدَمْ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. ثُمَّ قُدِمَ بِمَالِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَنْ لَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ؟ فَلْيَقُمْ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَدَنِي: " إِذَا قَدِمَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا "، يَعْنِي ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ، قَالَ: فَخُذْ، فَحَثَوْتُ، فَقَالَ عُدَّهَا، فَإِذَا هِيَ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ، قَالَ: فَخُذْ بِعَدَدِهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ. زَادَ فِيهِ ابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُهُ، يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَرَّةً فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ ⦗٤٩٤⦘ الثَّانِيَةَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي، فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ سَأَلْتُكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَلَمْ تُعْطِنِي، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُعْطِيَنِي، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُبَخَّلَ، قَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي مَرَّةً إِلَّا وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكَ، فَأِيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ؟ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "When the wealth of Bahrain comes, I will give you this much, this much and this much" (he said it three times). Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The wealth of Bahrain did not come until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away. Then, when the wealth of Bahrain came, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Whoever is owed a debt by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), or was promised something by him, let him stand up." I came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) promised me: 'When the wealth of Bahrain comes, I will give you this and this,'" meaning three handfuls. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take." I took a handful, and he (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)) said: "Count them," and they were five hundred. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take twice that number (more)." Ibn al-Munkadir added: I came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) once and asked him, but he did not give me; then I came a second time and asked, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did not give me. I said: "I have asked you twice and you have not given me; either you give me, or you will be considered miserly." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Every time you came to me, I intended to give you. What disease is worse than miserliness?"
