Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12730 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمَّارُ بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أنا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ النَّصْرِيُّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دَعَاهُ بَعْدَمَا ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ قَالَ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى رُمَالِ سَرِيرٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الرُّمَالِ فِرَاشٌ، مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَالِكُ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ قَدِمَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ حَضَرُوا الْمَدِينَةَ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ، فَاقْبِضْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي، فَقَالَ: اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ. فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ، فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا، لِعَلِيٍّ، وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي انْصِرَافِ الَّذِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ⦗٤٨٨⦘ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: اتَّئِدُوا، أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ؟ قَالُوا: قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، فَقَالَ اللهُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر: ٦]، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَوَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ، وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلِ مَالِ اللهِ، فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيَاتَهُ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَبَضْتُهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي، أَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا تَذْكُرَانِ أَنِّي فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي كِلَاكُمَا وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ، وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ، فَجِئْتَنِي، يَعْنِي عَبَّاسًا، فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ: إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدًا لِلَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فِيهِ مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهُ، وَإِلَّا فَلَا تُكَلِّمَانِ، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ، فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ، أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَوَاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهُ فَادْفَعَاهُ إِلِيَّ؛ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَا. قَالَ: فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ، أَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَقُولُ: أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أَرُدُّهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ: أَلَا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ، أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ " يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، " إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ "؟ فَانْتَهَتْ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى مَا اخْتَرْتُهُنَّ وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي شَيْئًا، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَطَالَتْ فِيهِ خُصُومَتُهُمَا، فَأَبَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا عَبَّاسٌ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ⦗٤٨٩⦘ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ وَحَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، كِلَاهُمَا كَانَا يَتَدَاوَلَانِهَا، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، وَهِيَ صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَقًّا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Malik bin Aws says: Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) called me after the day had risen. I went, and he was sitting on a bed with no bedding in between, leaning on a pillow. He said: "O Malik! Some people of your tribe have come to Madinah. I have ordered some wealth for them; take it and distribute it among them." I said: "O Commander of the Believers! I wish you would order someone other than me." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take it." Meanwhile his doorkeeper Yarfa' came and said: "Uthman, Abd al-Rahman, al-Zubayr and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) have come." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Let them come in." After a little while he came again and said: "Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) have also come." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Give them permission too." The two of them came in. Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this man." They were disputing about the properties of Banu al-Nadir which Allah had given to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The group (Uthman and the others, may Allah be pleased with them) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between them and give each relief from the other." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity,' meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)?" They said: "He did say so." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "I adjure you both by Allah and ask: is it so?" Both said: "Yes." Then he said: "I will tell you about this. Allah Almighty singled out His Messenger with something of this fay' and did not give anything of it to anyone else. Allah said: 'And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them, you did not spur on for it any horses or camels; but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah has power over all things' [Surah al-Hashr: 6]. And this was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not single it out for anyone besides you, nor did he prefer anyone over you; he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to you and spread it among you until this wealth remained of it. From this wealth the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend on his family a whole year's provision, then he would take what remained and put it where the wealth of Allah is put. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) acted thus throughout his life. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).' Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took possession of it and managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had done, and you were there at that time." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You remember what you said about Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then Allah took Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and I said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him).' I took possession of it, and for two years of my rule I managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it, and you were there at that time." Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You remember what you said about this, and Allah knows that I am truthful in it, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then you both came to me, your word being one and your matter being one, and I said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity."' Then, when it seemed right to me, I gave it to you, and I said: 'I will give it to you on the condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah to manage it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and I have managed it; otherwise, do not speak to me (about it).' You said: 'Give it to us on that condition.' So I gave it to you. Do you now want another judgment from me? By the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand! I will not give any judgment other than this until the Hour is established. If you are unable to manage it, then give it to me, and I will suffice you both in it."
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik spoke the truth. I heard Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) say: The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask for their one-eighth of the fay'. I said: "I will stop them from this." I said to them: "Do you not fear Allah? Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: 'We are not inherited from' (meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)), 'whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth'?" So the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped at what I told them. And Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, my heirs shall not divide anything; whatever we leave is charity." So it remained with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) as charity. Their dispute grew long. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to divide it, until Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) turned away from it. Then after Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) it remained with Hasan bin Ali, then Husayn bin Ali, then with both Ali bin Husayn and Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah be pleased with them), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), and it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik spoke the truth. I heard Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) say: The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask for their one-eighth of the fay'. I said: "I will stop them from this." I said to them: "Do you not fear Allah? Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: 'We are not inherited from' (meaning himself (peace and blessings be upon him)), 'whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth'?" So the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped at what I told them. And Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, my heirs shall not divide anything; whatever we leave is charity." So it remained with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) as charity. Their dispute grew long. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to divide it, until Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) turned away from it. Then after Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) it remained with Hasan bin Ali, then Husayn bin Ali, then with both Ali bin Husayn and Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah be pleased with them), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), and it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
