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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12729 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، وَقَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مُرْ بِهِ غَيْرِي، قَالَ: اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَذَا عُثْمَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَسَعْدٌ، وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا، يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ. ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، فَدَخَلَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا، قَالَ: وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، قَالَ الْقَوْمُ: أَجَلِ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: نَعَمْ، قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى ⦗٤٨٧⦘ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} [الحشر: ٦]، الْآيَةَ قَالَ: وَاللهِ مَا حَازَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دُونَكُمْ، وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ، وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَتَهُ. وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي، فَفَعَلْتُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي، جَاءَنِي هَذَا، يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ، وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا، يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ "، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا، فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَيَّامَ وَلِيتُهَا، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا، إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ. قَالَ: فَغَلَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهَا، فَكَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ. قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى وَلِيَ، يَعْنِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَقَبَضُوهَا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The messenger of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to summon me. I came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Some people of your tribe have come to Madinah, and we have ordered some wealth for them; take it and distribute it among them." I said: "O Commander of the Believers! Order someone other than me." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Take it." Meanwhile his servant Yarfa' came and said: "Sayyiduna Uthman, Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman, Sayyiduna al-Zubayr, Sayyiduna Sa'd and Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with them) (I do not know whether he mentioned his name or not) are asking permission." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Give them permission." Then he waited for a while, and he said: "Sayyiduna Abbas and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) are also asking permission." Permission was given to them both as well, and they too came in. Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this man." The people (Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and the others) said: "Judge between them and give each of them relief from the other." Their dispute had become long, and at that time they were both disputing about the properties of Banu al-Nadir that had been given to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The people said: "Judge between the two of them and give each of them relief from the other." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" The people said: "Yes." Then he turned to the two of them, and they too answered yes. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will tell you about this wealth. Indeed, Allah singled out His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with something that He did not give to anyone else. He said: 'And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them' [Surah al-Hashr: 6]." Then he said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not single it out for anyone besides you, nor did he prefer anyone over you, and he divided it among you. From what remained, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend on his family for the whole year." Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "He would set aside the food of his household for the whole year." "Then he would put the rest into the wealth of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the successor (guardian) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); I will manage it as he used to manage it.'" Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "You think that he was unjust in it, while Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then after Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) I took charge of it; for two years of my caliphate I managed it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it, and you think that I have been unjust, while Allah knows that I am truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then you came to me: that is, Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked me for his inheritance from his nephew, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came and asked for the inheritance of his wife from her father. I said to you: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from in anything; whatever we leave is charity."' Then it seemed right to me to give it to you, so I took the covenant of Allah from you and gave it on the condition that you would manage it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had managed it. You both said: 'Give it to us.' So do you now expect from me a judgment other than this? By the One by whose command the heavens and the earth stand, I will not give any judgment other than this. If you are both unable to manage it, then give it to me." Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prevailed over it, and it remained with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Sayyiduna Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), then with Ali bin Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him), then with Hasan bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), then with Zayd bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him). Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then it remained with Abdullah bin Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) until the Banu Abbas became rulers, and they took possession of it.
