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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12728 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ الْأَزْدِيُّ ح قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالُوا: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، ثنا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ إِلِيَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَجِئْتُهُ حِينَ تَعَالَى النَّهَارُ، فَقَالَ: فَوَجَدْتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ جَالِسًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَى رُمَالِهِ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا مَالُ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ، فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِي، قَالَ: خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ: نَعَمْ، فَائْذَنْ لَهُمْ، فَدَخَلُوا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا، قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الْآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ: أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ، قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ: فخيل إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر: ٧]، مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لَا، قَالَ: فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَكُمُ النَّضِيرَ، فَوَاللهِ مَا ⦗٤٨٦⦘ اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ: أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجِئْتُمَا، تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ، وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ "، فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ، فَوَلِيتُهَا، ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ، وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ، فَقُلْتُمَا: ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا، فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَكَذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا، وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلِيَّ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيِّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent for me, and I came to him during the day. I found him sitting on a bed without bedding, leaning on a pillow. He said to me: "O Malik! Some people of your tribe came to me, and I have ordered that something be given to them, so distribute it among them." I said: "I wish you had asked someone else to do this." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "No, rather you take it." Meanwhile, his servant Yarfa' came and said: "Uthman bin Affan, Abd al-Rahman bin Awf, al-Zubayr and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) are at the door asking permission; if you permit, shall I let them in?" He gave permission. When they had entered, Yarfa' came again and said: "Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) have also come." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave permission. Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Believers! Judge between me and this liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer." Some of the people also said: "Yes, Commander of the Believers, judge between them." Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) said: It occurred to me that they were the ones who had sent Uthman and the others ahead. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I adjure you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" They answered yes. Then he turned to Abbas and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "I adjure you both by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity'?" Both said: "Yes." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah Almighty singled out the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and did not single out anyone else. He said: 'What Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns is for Allah, for the Messenger and for the near relatives' [Surah al-Hashr: 7]." I do not know whether he recited the verse before it or not. "So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided the property of Banu al-Nadir among you; he did not prefer anyone over you, nor did anyone besides you take it. From the wealth that remained, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would take a year's provision for himself, and whatever was left over was treated like the rest of the wealth." Then he said to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them): "I adjure you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know this?" They said: "Yes." Then he adjured Sayyiduna Abbas and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) as he had adjured the people: "Do you both know this?" They said: "Yes." Then he said: "When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).' Then you both came: you sought inheritance from your brother's son, and (this one sought) his wife's inheritance from her father. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity."' Yet you both considered him a liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer, while Allah knows that he was truthful, righteous and a follower of the truth. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) passed away, and I said: 'I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and of Abu Bakr.' Yet you both considered me a liar, sinner, deceiver and betrayer, while Allah knows that I am truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. So I was in charge of it. Then you both came to me together, your matter being one, and you both said: 'Give it to us.' I said: 'I will give it on the condition that you are bound by a covenant with Allah to manage it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do.' So you took it." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Is that so?" Both said: "Yes." "Then you have both come to me so that I may judge for you. By Allah! I will not give any judgment other than this until the Hour is established. If you are both unable (to manage it), then return it to me."
