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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12734 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ " فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَةً لَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، قَالَ: فَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ وَصَدَقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ؛ فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ. فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ، فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهَا ⦗٤٩١⦘ عُمَرُ وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ، وَنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ، فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُوَيْسِيِّ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), asked Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), to divide for her her inheritance from what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left of what Allah had restored to him. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to her: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity." Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry and left Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and she remained like that until she died; she lived for six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) had asked Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) for her share of what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left: from Khaybar, Fadak and his charity in Madinah. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused her that and said: "I will not leave anything that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do except that I do it too; I fear that if I leave anything of his practice, I will deviate." As for his charity in Madinah, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed it over to Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prevailed over it. As for Fadak and Khaybar, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: "They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority." They have remained so until today.
