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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12733 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْيَمَانِ: أَخْبَرَكَ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفَاطِمَةُ حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، يَعْنِي مَالَ اللهِ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ "، وَإِنِّي وَاللهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ صَدَقَاتِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهَا فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي، فَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنِّي لَا آلُو فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَإِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَتْرُكَ فِيهَا أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent word to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), from what Allah had restored to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). At that time Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was asking for the charity of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Madinah and Fadak, and what remained of the khumus (one-fifth) of Khaybar. Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eat from this wealth, meaning the wealth of Allah; they may not take more than their food." "And by Allah! I will not change the charities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the state they were in during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will manage them just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did." So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give anything of it to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) because of that. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): "By the One in whose hand is my soul, the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) are dearer to me to keep ties with than my own relatives. As for the dispute that has arisen between me and you over these charities, I will spare no effort in doing good in them, and I will not leave anything in them that I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) doing except that I do it."
