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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12732 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكٍ، وَسَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ " وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ بَعْدُ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَهَجَرَتْهُ، فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ، فَدَفَنَهَا عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَيْلًا، وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا انْصَرَفَ وُجُوهُ النَّاسِ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: قُلْتُ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: كَمْ مَكَثَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ: فَلَمْ يُبَايِعْهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، ⦗٤٩٠⦘ وَقَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي قُعُودِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ بَيْعَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي مُبَايَعَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ حِينَ بُويِعَ بَيْعَةَ الْعَامَّةِ بَعْدَ السَّقِيفَةِ أَصَحُّ، وَلَعَلَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ أَرَادَ قُعُودَهُ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعَةِ ثُمَّ نُهُوضَهُ إِلَيْهَا ثَانِيًا وَقِيَامَهُ بِوَاجِبَاتِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Fatimah and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) seeking their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and at that time they were both asking for his land at Fadak and his share from Khaybar. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "We are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity; the family of Muhammad only eat from this wealth." And I too will do whatever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do. Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry and left Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and she did not speak to him until she died. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: During the life of Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had standing among the people; when Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died, the people's faces turned away from him. Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): "How long did Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) live after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He said: "Six months." A man said to al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): "Did Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) not pledge allegiance until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died?" He said: "Nor did anyone of Banu Hashim."
The statement of al-Zuhri about Ali refraining from the pledge to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died is munqati' (broken). The hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) about his pledging allegiance to him when the general pledge was given after al-Saqifah is more authentic. Perhaps al-Zuhri meant his holding back from it after the pledge, then his rising to it a second time and his carrying out its obligations, and Allah knows best.
The statement of al-Zuhri about Ali refraining from the pledge to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) until Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) died is munqati' (broken). The hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) about his pledging allegiance to him when the general pledge was given after al-Saqifah is more authentic. Perhaps al-Zuhri meant his holding back from it after the pledge, then his rising to it a second time and his carrying out its obligations, and Allah knows best.
