Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف أربعة أخماس الفيء بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنها تجعل حيث كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجعل فضول غلات تلك الأموال مما فيه صلاح الإسلام وأهله، وأنها لم تكن موروثة عنه
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay are spent after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that they are spent where he spent the surplus yield of that wealth for the good of Islam and its people, and that they were not inherited from him
Bayhaqi 12736 — How the four-fifths of fay are spent
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ: جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَدَكٌ، وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا وَيَعُودُ مِنْهَا عَلَى صَغِيرِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَيُزَوِّجُ فِيهِ أَيِّمَهُمْ " وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهَا، فَأَبَى، فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَيَاتِهِ، حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، ثُمَّ أَقْطَعَهَا مَرْوَانَ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاطِمَةَ لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ، وَأَنَا أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ، يَعْنِي عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: إِنَّمَا أُقْطِعَ مَرْوَانُ فَدَكًا فِي أَيَّامِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَكَانَ مُسْتَغْنِيًا عَنْهَا بِمَالِهِ فَجَعَلَهَا لِأَقْرِبَائِهِ، وَوَصَلَ بِهَا رَحِمَهُمْ "، وَكَذَلِكَ تَأْوِيلُهُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ. وَذَهَبَ آخَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِذَلِكَ التَّوْلِيَةُ وَقَطْعُ جَرَيَانِ الْإِرْثِ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ تُصْرَفُ فِي مَصَالِحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، كَمَا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَفْعَلَانِ، وَكَمَا رَآهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ رَدَّ الْأَمْرَ فِي فَدَكٍ إِلَى مَا كَانَ. وَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهمَا ⦗٤٩٢⦘ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ، فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْآنَ.
Mughirah says: When Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) was made caliph, he gathered the sons of Marwan and said: "Fadak belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend from it and give from it to the young ones of Banu Hashim, and arrange marriages for their unmarried ones. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to her, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) refused. It remained thus during the life of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until he passed on. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge, and he too managed it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had done in his lifetime, until he too passed away. When Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge, he too did as the two before him had done, until he too passed on. Then it was granted to Marwan, and then it came to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him)." Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I have seen that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) withheld it from Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), so I have no right to it either, and I make you witnesses that I have returned it to how it was before, that is, in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
The Shaykh says: Fadak was granted to Marwan in the time of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and it is as though he interpreted what is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "When Allah gives a prophet a provision, it belongs to the one who takes his place after him"; and since he was in no need of it because of his own wealth, he gave it to his relatives and maintained the ties of kinship with them through it. This is how many of the people of knowledge have interpreted it. Others held that what is meant by it is the guardianship (of it) and cutting off the flow of inheritance in it, after which it is spent on the interests of the Muslims, as Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to do, and as Umar bin Abd al-Aziz saw when he returned the matter of Fadak to how it had been. Those who held this cited what we narrated in the hadith of al-Zuhri: "As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority.' They have remained so until now."
The Shaykh says: Fadak was granted to Marwan in the time of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and it is as though he interpreted what is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "When Allah gives a prophet a provision, it belongs to the one who takes his place after him"; and since he was in no need of it because of his own wealth, he gave it to his relatives and maintained the ties of kinship with them through it. This is how many of the people of knowledge have interpreted it. Others held that what is meant by it is the guardianship (of it) and cutting off the flow of inheritance in it, after which it is spent on the interests of the Muslims, as Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to do, and as Umar bin Abd al-Aziz saw when he returned the matter of Fadak to how it had been. Those who held this cited what we narrated in the hadith of al-Zuhri: "As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) kept hold of them and said: 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the obligations that befell him and his emergencies, and their matter rests with whoever is in authority.' They have remained so until now."
