السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: أصل القسامة والبداية فيها مع اللوث بأيمان المدعي
The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths of the claimant when there is circumstantial evidence (lawth)
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ الْعَدْلُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رِجَالٌ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ هُوَ وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ، خَرَجَا خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمَا فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا، فَأَتَى مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَطُرِحَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ، فَأَتَى يَهُودَ فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ وَاللهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ، فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، فَأَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ، فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ: " كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ" يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ، فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ" فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبُوا: إِنَّا وَاللهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: " تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " فَتَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ، فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ: لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ⦗٢٠٥⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: إِنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ هُوَ وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَمَعْنٌ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ.
Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with them both) went out to Khaybar because of hardship that had befallen them, and the two of them separated for some reason. Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) came and was told that Abdullah bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) had been killed and thrown into a well or a spring. So he went to the Jews and said: "You killed him, by Allah!" They said: "By Allah, we did not kill him." Then he came to his people and told them the whole incident. Then he, his elder brother Huwayyisah, and Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl, the brother of the slain man (may Allah be pleased with them), came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to speak, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let the elder speak." So Huwayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke, then Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Either they pay the blood money of your companion, or they must be ready for war." He (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to them about this, and they wrote back: "By Allah, we did not kill him." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the three of them: "Will you take oaths and so become entitled to the blood of your companion?" They said: "No." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then shall the Jews take oaths?" They said: "They are not even Muslims." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds. A hundred she-camels were sent to them until they were brought into their house. Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A red she-camel among them even kicked me.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا لِحَاجَتِهِمَا، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ قَتْلَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ قَاتِلِكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟ " فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقَلَهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: قَالَ سَهْلٌ: لَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي فَرِيضَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي مِرْبَدٍ لَنَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنًّى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud went out to Khaybar and separated for their needs, and Abdullah bin Sahl was killed. So he (Muhayyisah), Abd al-Rahman, the brother of the slain man, and Huwayyisah bin Mas'ud went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned to him the killing of Abdullah bin Sahl. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you swear fifty oaths and become entitled to the blood of your killer, or your companion?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, we did not witness it and were not present." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with fifty oaths?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can we accept the oaths of a disbelieving people?" He stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds. Bushayr bin Yasar said: Sahl said: One of those camels kicked me in a pen of ours.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَحَسِبْتُهُ قَالَ: وَعَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: خَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَا بِخَيْبَرَ تَفَرَّقَا فِي بَعْضِ مَا هُنَالِكَ، ثُمَّ إِذَا مُحَيِّصَةُ يَجِدُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلًا، فَدَفَنَهُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: هُوَ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَكَانَ أَصْغَرَ الْقَوْمِ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لِيَتَكَلَّمَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَبِّرْ " لِلْكُبْرِ فِي السِّنِّ، فَصَمَتَ وَتَكَلَّمَ صَاحِبَاهُ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مَعَهُمَا، فَذَكَرُوا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَقْتَلَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " أَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا فَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ صَاحِبَكُمْ أَوْ قَاتِلَكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ؟ قَالَ: " فَتُبَرِّئُكُمْ الْيَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا؟ " قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ كُفَّارٍ؟ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْطَى عَقْلَهُ ⦗٢٠٦⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah and (as Yahya thought) Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Abdullah bin Sahl bin Zayd and Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud bin Zayd went out until, when they were at Khaybar, they separated in some place there. Then Muhayyisah found Abdullah bin Sahl slain, and he buried him. Then he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) together with Huwayyisah bin Mas'ud and Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl, who was the youngest of them. Abd al-Rahman began to speak before his two companions, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Let the elder (speak)", meaning the elder in age. So he fell silent and his two companions spoke, then he spoke with them. They mentioned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the killing of Abdullah bin Sahl, and he said to them: "Will you swear fifty oaths and so become entitled to (the blood of) your companion, or your killer?" They said: "How can we swear when we did not witness it?" He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with fifty oaths?" They said: "How can we accept the oaths of disbelievers?" When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw that, he gave his blood money himself.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ح، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الصُّوفِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَ: انْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ صُلْحٌ، فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِمَا، فَأَتَى مُحَيِّصَةُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ وَهُوَ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي دَمِهِ قَتِيلًا، فَدَفَنَهُ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَانْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَبِّرِ الْكُبْرَ " وَهُوَ أَحْدَثُ الْقَوْمِ، فَسَكَتَ فَتَكَلَّمَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبَكُمْ؟ " فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَرَ؟ قَالَ: " فَتُبَرِّئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ؟ " فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَأْخُذُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ، قَالَ: فَعَقَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُسَدَّدٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud bin Zayd went to Khaybar, which at that time was under a truce, and they separated for their needs. Then Muhayyisah came upon Abdullah bin Sahl, slain and weltering in his blood, and he buried him. Then he came to Madinah, and Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl and Muhayyisah and Huwayyisah, the two sons of Mas'ud, went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd al-Rahman began to speak, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Give precedence to the elder", for he was the youngest of the group. So he fell silent and the two of them spoke. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you swear fifty oaths and become entitled to (the blood of) your killer, or your companion?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can we swear when we did not witness it and did not see it?" He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with fifty (oaths)?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can we take the oaths of a disbelieving people?" He said: So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْمَعْنَى، قَالُوا: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّ مُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، انْطَلَقَا قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي النَّخْلِ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَاتَّهَمُوا الْيَهُودَ، فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَابْنَا عَمِّهِ حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَكَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي أَمْرِ أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ " أَوْ قَالَ: " لِيَبْدَأِ الْأَكْبَرُ " فَتَكَلَّمَا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَيُدْفَعُ بِرُمَّتِهِ؟ " قَالُوا: أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَشْهَدْهُ، كَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ؟ قَالَ: " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ قَالَ سَهْلٌ: ⦗٢٠٧⦘ دَخَلْتُ مِرْبَدًا لَهُمْ يَوْمًا فَرَكَضَتْنِي نَاقَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ رَكْضَةً بِرِجْلِهَا هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوُهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: اسْتَحِقُّوا صَاحِبَكُمْ، أَوْ قَالَ: قَتِيلَكُمْ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ قَالُوا: أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَشْهَدْهُ، قَالَ: فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ وَذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ بِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَرِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ كَمَا مَضَى، وَالْعَدَدُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، وَهُشَيْمِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا سَهْلًا وَلَا رَافِعًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah and Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrate that Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud and Abdullah bin Sahl set off towards Khaybar and separated among the palm trees, and Abdullah bin Sahl was killed. They accused the Jews. So his brother Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl and his two paternal cousins, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd al-Rahman spoke about the matter of his brother, though he was the youngest of them, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The elder, the elder", or he said: "Let the eldest begin." So the two of them spoke about the matter of their companion. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Shall fifty of you swear against a man among them, and then he will be handed over to you with his rope?" They said: "It is a matter we did not witness; how can we swear?" He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, they are a disbelieving people." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own side. Sahl said: One day I entered a pen of theirs, and a she-camel from those camels gave me a kick with her leg.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Become entitled to your companion" — or he said: "your slain man" — "by the oaths of fifty of you." They said: "It is a matter we did not witness." He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them", and he mentioned the rest with the same meaning.
Hammad bin Zayd narrated it thus: "Fifty of you shall swear against a man", whereas the narration of the group is as has preceded, and a group is more likely to have preserved it than a single narrator.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Become entitled to your companion" — or he said: "your slain man" — "by the oaths of fifty of you." They said: "It is a matter we did not witness." He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them", and he mentioned the rest with the same meaning.
Hammad bin Zayd narrated it thus: "Fifty of you shall swear against a man", whereas the narration of the group is as has preceded, and a group is more likely to have preserved it than a single narrator.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ بَشِيرَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، مَوْلَى بَنِي حَارِثَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّينَ، أَخْبَرَهُ وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَقِيهًا، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِهِ مِنْ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رِجَالًا مِنْهُمْ: رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثُوهُ أَنَّ الْقَسَامَةَ كَانَتْ فِيهِمْ فِي بَنِي حَارِثَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُدْعَى عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، قُتِلَ بِخَيْبَرَ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَهُمْ: " تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ فَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ قَالَ: صَاحِبَكُمْ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا شَهِدْنَا وَلَا حَضَرْنَا، فَزَعَمَ بَشِيرٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَهُمْ: " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ " فَذَكَرَهُ وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى، فَخَالَفَ الْجَمَاعَةَ فِي لَفْظِهِ.
Bushayr bin Yasar, the freed slave of Banu Harithah of the Ansar — he was a very old man and a jurist, and among the people of his quarter from Banu Harithah he had met men from the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), among them Rafi' bin Khadij, Sahl bin Abi Hathmah and Suwayd bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with them) — narrates that they told him that the qasamah took place among them, in Banu Harithah bin al-Harith, concerning a man of the Ansar called Abdullah bin Sahl who was killed at Khaybar, and that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "You swear fifty (oaths) and so become entitled to (the blood of) your killer" — or he said: "your companion." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, we did not witness it and were not present." Bushayr stated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with fifty (oaths)", and he mentioned the rest.
Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated it from Yahya and differed from the group in its wording.
Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated it from Yahya and differed from the group in its wording.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، سَمِعَ بَشِيرَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَ: وُجِدَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلًا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ خَيْبَرَ، فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ ⦗٢٠٨⦘ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَعَمَّاهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ " فَتَكَلَّمَ أَحَدُ عَمَّيْهِ الْكَبِيرُ مِنْهُمَا، إِمَّا حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَإِمَّا مُحَيِّصَةُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، قَتِيلًا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ خَيْبَرَ، فَذَكَرَ يَهُودَ وَعَدَاوَتِهُمْ وَشَرَّهُمْ، قَالَ: " أَفَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا يَحْلِفُونَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ؟ " قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نَرْضَى بِأَيْمَانِهِمْ وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ؟ قَالَ: " فَيُقْسِمُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ أَنَّهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ؟ " قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ نُقْسِمُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ نَرَهُ؟ قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ، وَأَحَالَ بِهِ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ،.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abdullah bin Sahl was found slain in one of the wells of Khaybar. So his brother Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl and his two paternal uncles, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, came, and Abd al-Rahman began to speak in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The elder, the elder." So the elder of his two uncles spoke, either Huwayyisah or Muhayyisah, and said: "O Messenger of Allah, we found Abdullah slain in one of the wells of Khaybar", and he mentioned the Jews, their enmity and their evil. He said: "Will the Jews clear themselves of your claim with fifty oaths, swearing that they did not kill him?" They said: "How can we be content with their oaths when they are polytheists?" He said: "Then shall fifty of you swear that they killed him?" They said: "How can we swear to what we did not see?" He said: So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُتْقِنْهُ إِتْقَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ، رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَقِيبَ حَدِيثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِلَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ كَانَ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّينَ فِي الْأَيْمَانِ أَوْ يَهُودَ، فَيُقَالُ: فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ قَدَّمَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّينَ، فَيَقُولُ: فَهُوَ ذَاكَ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَبَشِيرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ بِأَيْمَانِ الْمُدَّعِينَ.
It is mentioned from Sufyan bin Uyaynah what indicates that he did not master it as precisely as these (narrators). Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), after narrating the hadith of al-Thaqafi from Ibn Uyaynah, said that Ibn Uyaynah was not certain whether the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) put the Ansar first for the oaths or the Jews. It would be said to him that in the hadith he put the Ansar first, and he would say: Then it is that, or something similar.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ الْبِسْطَامِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، زَعَمَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ انْطَلَقُوا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهَا، فَوَجَدُوا أَحَدَهُمْ قَتِيلًا، فَقَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ وَجَدُوهُ عِنْدَهُمْ: قَتَلْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا؟ قَالُوا: مَا قَتَلْنَا وَلَا عَلِمْنَا، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ انْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَوَجَدْنَا أَحَدَنَا قَتِيلًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ" فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " تَأْتُونَ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَ؟ " قَالُوا: مَا لَنَا بَيِّنَةٌ، قَالَ: " فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا نَرْضَى بِأَيْمَانِ الْيَهُودِ وَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَنْ يُبْطِلَ دَمَهُ فَوَدَاهُ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ⦗٢٠٩⦘ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْقَطَّانِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ: فَوَدَاهُ بِمِائَةٍ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، دُونَ سِيَاقَةِ مَتْنِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ: وَغَيْرُ مُشْكِلٍ عَلَى مَنْ عَقَلَ التَّمْيِيزَ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَأَرْفَعُ مِنْهُ شَأْنًا فِي طَرِيقِ الْعِلْمِ وَأَسْبَابِهِ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنْهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَإِنْ صَحَّتْ رِوَايَةُ سَعِيدٍ، فَهِيَ لَا تُخَالِفُ رِوَايَةَ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يُرِيدُ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ الْأَيْمَانَ مَعَ اللَّوْثِ كَمَا فَسَّرَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَقَدْ يُطَالِبُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ كَمَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، ثُمَّ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَيْمَانَ مَعَ وُجُودِ اللَّوْثِ كَمَا فِي رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ عِنْدَ نُكُولِ الْمُدَّعِينَ كَمَا فِي الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that some people of his tribe went to Khaybar and separated there. Then they found one of them slain, and they said to the people there: "You killed our companion." They said: "We neither killed him nor do we know (who did)." They came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Prophet of Allah, we went to Khaybar and one of our companions was killed." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let the elder speak." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is there any evidence of who killed him?" They said: "No." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Then shall the Jews take an oath?" They said: "We are not content with their oath." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked that his blood should go to waste, and he paid his blood money of 100 camels from his own side. In one narration: from the camels of charity (sadaqah).
Muslim bin al-Hajjaj said: It is not unclear to anyone among the hadith masters who understands discernment that Yahya bin Sa'id has a better memory than Sa'id bin Ubayd and a higher standing in the path of knowledge and its means, so he is more deserving of being regarded as having preserved it.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Even if the narration of Sa'id is sound, it does not contradict the narration of Yahya bin Sa'id from Bushayr bin Yasar, because by "evidence" he may mean the oaths together with grounds for suspicion (lawth), as Yahya bin Sa'id explained it; or he may first have asked them for evidence, as in this narration, then offered them the oaths given the existence of suspicion, as in the narration of Yahya bin Sa'id, then returned the oaths to the defendants when the claimants declined, as in both narrations.
Muslim bin al-Hajjaj said: It is not unclear to anyone among the hadith masters who understands discernment that Yahya bin Sa'id has a better memory than Sa'id bin Ubayd and a higher standing in the path of knowledge and its means, so he is more deserving of being regarded as having preserved it.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: Even if the narration of Sa'id is sound, it does not contradict the narration of Yahya bin Sa'id from Bushayr bin Yasar, because by "evidence" he may mean the oaths together with grounds for suspicion (lawth), as Yahya bin Sa'id explained it; or he may first have asked them for evidence, as in this narration, then offered them the oaths given the existence of suspicion, as in the narration of Yahya bin Sa'id, then returned the oaths to the defendants when the claimants declined, as in both narrations.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ ⦗٢١٠⦘ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ بُجَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْظِيٍّ، أَخِي بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، قَالَ ابْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: وَايْمُ اللهِ، مَا كَانَ سَهْلٌ بِأَكْثَرَ عِلْمًا مِنْهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ أَسَنَّ مِنْهُ، إِنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: وَاللهِ مَا هَكَذَا كَانَ الشَّانُ، وَلَكِنْ سَهْلٌ أَوْهَمَ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: احْلِفُوا عَلَى مَا لَا عِلْمَ لَكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ كَلَّمَتْهُ الْأَنْصَارُ: أَنَّهُ وُجِدَ فِيكُمْ قَتِيلٌ بَيْنَ أَبْيَاتِكُمْ فَدُوهُ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَيْهِ يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللهِ مَا قَتَلُوهُ وَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ قَاتِلًا، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ.
It is narrated from Abd al-Rahman bin Bujayd bin Qayzi, of Banu Harithah — Ibn Ibrahim said: By Allah, Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) was not more knowledgeable than him, but he was older than him — that he said to him: By Allah, the matter was not like this; rather, Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) was mistaken. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not say: "Swear to what you have no knowledge of." Rather, when the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with them) spoke to him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the Jews of Khaybar: "A slain man has been found among you, between your houses, so pay his blood money." They wrote back to him, swearing by Allah that they had not killed him and did not know who his killer was. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
فَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَمِنْ كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ لِي قَائِلٌ: مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُجَيْدٍ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ ابْنَ بُجَيْدٍ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَلَسْنَا وَلَا إِيَّاكَ نُثْبِتُ الْمُرْسَلَ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ سَهْلًا صَحِبَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ سِيَاقًا لَا يُشْبِهُ إِلَّا الْأَثْبَاتَ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِهِ لِمَا وَصَفْتُ، قَالَ: فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ؟ قُلْتُ:⦗٢١١⦘ مُرْسَلٌ، وَالْقَتِيلُ أَنْصَارِيٌّ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ بِالْعِنَايَةِ أَوْلَى بِالْعِلْمِ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ كُلٌّ ثِقَةً، وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَنَا بِنِعْمَةِ اللهِ ثِقَةٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ عَنَى بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone said to me: Why do you not take the narration of Ibn Bujayd? Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) replied: We do not know whether Ibn Bujayd heard anything from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or not; if he did not hear, then it is mursal, and neither we nor you regard the mursal as established. Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) is a Companion and heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he related the hadith in a manner that resembles only that of the most reliable narrators, so we take his narration for the reason I have described. Then he asked: Why do you not take the narration of al-Zuhri? I said: Because it is mursal; and the slain man was an Ansari, and the Ansar, through their concern with it, are more likely to know about it than others, when each of them is trustworthy — and each of them, by the grace of Allah, is trustworthy in our view.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems that by the hadith of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri he meant the hadith that follows.
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems that by the hadith of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri he meant the hadith that follows.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ، مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِيَهُودَ وَبَدَأَ بِهِمْ: " يَحْلِفُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا؟ " فَأَبَوْا، فَقَالَ لِلْأَنْصَارِ: " اسْتَحِقُّوا " فَقَالُوا: نَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَجَعَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى يَهُودَ، لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ بِتَرْكِ تَسْمِيَةِ الَّذِينَ حَدَّثُوهُمَا، وَهُوَ يُخَالِفُ الْحَدِيثَ الْمُتَّصِلَ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ بِالْقَسَامَةِ، وَفِي إِعْطَاءِ الدِّيَةِ، وَالثَّابِتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ وَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَقَدْ خَالَفَهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَغَيْرُهُ فِي لَفْظِهِ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from men of the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), beginning with the Jews, said to them: "Fifty men of you shall swear", but they refused. Then he told the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with them) to swear, and they said: "How can we swear about the unseen?" So he (peace and blessings be upon him) imposed the blood money on the Jews, because the slain man was found in their area. This narration is mursal, since the men who told them are not named, and it contradicts the connected hadith both in beginning the qasamah and in the giving of the blood money; what is established by a sound chain is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own funds. Ibn Jurayj and others differed from him in its wording.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْحِيرِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ نَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي قَتِيلٍ ادَّعَوْهُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ يُونُسَ مُخْتَصَرٌ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from the Companions of the Messenger (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) kept the qasamah as it had been in the Jahiliyyah, and he judged by it when the Ansar claimed against the Jews the killing of their man.
وَرَوَاهُ عَقِيلٌ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا ابْنُ مِلْحَانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى هُوَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، أنبأ اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَنَّ الْقَسَامَةَ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَسَامَةَ الدَّمِ، فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَقَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ ادَّعَوْا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ وَغَيْرِهِ.
The previous narration.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الرَّزَّازُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَقِيلٌ، وَقُرَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ أَنْ يُحَلِّفَ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ لَمْ يُعْطَوَا الدَّمَ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Sunnah has been established that in qasamah fifty men swear fifty oaths; if even one of them withdraws, they are not given (the right to) the blood.
This is munqati' (broken).
This is munqati' (broken).
وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا الزَّنْجِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ، إِلَّا فِي الْقَسَامَةِ ".
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The evidence is upon the claimant and the oath is upon the defendant, except in qasamah."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَهُوَ الزَّنْجِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ.
The previous narration.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ، فِي بَنِي حَرَامٍ، ثنا سَلَّامُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: وُجِدَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَتِيلًا فِي دَالِيَةِ نَاسٍ مَعَ الْيَهُودِ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ: فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ خِيَارِهِمْ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُمْ بِاللهِ: مَا قَتَلْنَا وَلَا عَلِمْنَا قَاتِلًا، وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ، فَقَالُوا: لَقَدْ قَضَى بِمَا قَضَى فِينَا نَبِيُّنَا مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَهَذَا لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، الْكَلْبِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man of the Ansar was found slain in the area of the Jews, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent someone to them to take oaths from fifty of their chosen men. They swore by Allah: "We did not kill him, nor do we know (the killer)." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) imposed the blood money on them. They said: "He has given the same judgement that our Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) gave concerning us."
This is not taken as proof: al-Kalbi is matruk (abandoned), and this Abu Salih is da'if (weak).
This is not taken as proof: al-Kalbi is matruk (abandoned), and this Abu Salih is da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، ثنا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا عَلِيٌّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَفِيدُ، ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو صَالِحٍ: كُلُّ مَا حَدَّثْتُكَ بِهِ كَذِبٌ.
Yahya bin Sa'id narrates from Sufyan al-Thawri (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: Al-Kalbi said to me: Abu Salih (may Allah have mercy on him) said to me: Everything I have narrated to you is a lie.
وَأَمَّا الْأَثَرُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ يَعْنِي الشَّعْبِيَّ، أَنَّ قَتِيلًا وُجِدَ فِي خَرِبَةِ وَادِعَةِ هَمْدَانَ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا: مَا قَتَلْنَا وَلَا عَلِمْنَا قَاتِلًا، ثُمَّ غَرَّمَهُمُ الدِّيَةَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ هَمْدَانَ حَقَنْتُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ بِأَيْمَانِكُمْ، فَمَا يَبْطُلُ دَمُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ.
Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A slain man was found in the territory of Hamdan, and the case was brought to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). They swore fifty oaths about it: "We did not kill him, nor do we know (the killer)." Then he (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money on them as a fine and said: "O people of Hamdan, by your oaths you have been cleared of his blood, but I cannot let the blood of a Muslim go to waste."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، كَتَبَ فِي قَتِيلٍ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ خَيْوَانَ وَوَادِعَةَ، أَنْ يُقَاسَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ، فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ أَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا حَتَّى يُوَافُوهُ مَكَّةَ، فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحَجَرَ فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا وَقَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا أَيْمَانَنَا، وَلَا أَيْمَانُنَا أَمْوَالَنَا، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: كَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ: عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: حَقَنْتُمْ بِأَيْمَانِكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَلَا يُطَلُّ دَمُ مُسْلِمٍ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُونَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ، ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُ: الثَّابِتُ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ، قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ ⦗٢١٥⦘ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، وَالْحَارِثُ مَجْهُولٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الثَّابِتِ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِالْمُدَّعِينَ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا قَالَ: فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَإِذْ قَالَ: تُبْرِئُكُمْ فَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ غَرَامَةٌ، وَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى يَهُودَ الْقَتِيلَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ شَيْئًا⦗٢١٦⦘ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: حَارِثٌ الْأَعْوَرُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ يُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، أَنَّ قَتِيلًا وُجِدَ بَيْنَ وَادِعَةٍ وَخَيْوَانَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، فَعَادَتْ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ مُجَالِدٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى مُجَالِدٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) reports about Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was written to about a slain man who was found between two villages. He said: "Fifty men from the village to which he is nearer shall come and swear." Then he (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money on them. They said: "Our oaths did not protect our wealth, nor did our wealth protect our oaths." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "That is how the matter is." [Da'if]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone other than Sufyan said that Asim al-Ahwal (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Your oaths have protected your blood, but I will not let the blood of a Muslim go to waste." Then, in answer to a question, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the rulings in this incident in which they differ from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he was asked: Is this incident established in your view? He said: "No." Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates it from al-Harith al-A'war, and al-Harith al-A'war is majhul (unknown). It is established by a sound and authentic chain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked for the oath from the Jews too, but the Ansar did not accept, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own funds, not imposing it on the Jews.
Al-Rabi' said: One of the people of knowledge told me from Jarir, from Mughirah, from al-Sha'bi, who said: Al-Harith al-A'war was a liar. It is also narrated from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Mujalid is not taken as proof. It is also narrated from Mutarrif, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith bin al-Azma', from Umar, but Abu Ishaq did not hear from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. Ali bin al-Madini reported from Abu Zayd, from Shu'bah, who said: I heard Abu Ishaq narrating the hadith of al-Harith bin al-Azma' that a slain man was found between Wadi'ah and Khaywan, so I said: O Abu Ishaq, who narrated it to you? He said: Mujalid narrated it to me, from al-Sha'bi, from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. So the narration of Abu Ishaq goes back to the hadith of Mujalid; there is disagreement over its chain from Mujalid, and Mujalid is not taken as proof. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone other than Sufyan said that Asim al-Ahwal (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Your oaths have protected your blood, but I will not let the blood of a Muslim go to waste." Then, in answer to a question, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the rulings in this incident in which they differ from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he was asked: Is this incident established in your view? He said: "No." Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates it from al-Harith al-A'war, and al-Harith al-A'war is majhul (unknown). It is established by a sound and authentic chain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked for the oath from the Jews too, but the Ansar did not accept, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own funds, not imposing it on the Jews.
Al-Rabi' said: One of the people of knowledge told me from Jarir, from Mughirah, from al-Sha'bi, who said: Al-Harith al-A'war was a liar. It is also narrated from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Mujalid is not taken as proof. It is also narrated from Mutarrif, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith bin al-Azma', from Umar, but Abu Ishaq did not hear from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. Ali bin al-Madini reported from Abu Zayd, from Shu'bah, who said: I heard Abu Ishaq narrating the hadith of al-Harith bin al-Azma' that a slain man was found between Wadi'ah and Khaywan, so I said: O Abu Ishaq, who narrated it to you? He said: Mujalid narrated it to me, from al-Sha'bi, from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. So the narration of Abu Ishaq goes back to the hadith of Mujalid; there is disagreement over its chain from Mujalid, and Mujalid is not taken as proof. And Allah knows best.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْلَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ صُبْحٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَجَّ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، حَجَّتَهُ الْأَخِيرَةَ الَّتِي لَمْ يَحُجَّ غَيْرَهَا، غُودِرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتِيلًا بِبَنِي وَادِعَةَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عُمَرُ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا قَضَى النُّسُكَ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ لِهَذَا الْقَتِيلِ قَاتِلًا مِنْكُمْ؟ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ: لَا فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ شَيْخًا، فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحَطِيمَ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُمْ بِاللهِ رَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ: إِنَّكُمْ لَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُ وَلَا عَلِمْتُمْ لَهُ قَاتِلًا، فَحَلَفُوا بِذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا حَلَفُوا قَالَ: أَدُّوا دِيَةً مُغَلَّظَةً فِي أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ مِنَ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ دِيَةً وَثُلُثًا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ سِنَانُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمَا تَجْزِينِي يَمِينِي مِنْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: لَا إِنَّمَا قَضَيْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِقَضَاءِ نَبِيِّكُمْ فَأَخَذُوا دِيَتَهُ دَنَانِيرَ دِيَةً وَثُلُثَ دِيَةٍ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: عُمَرُ بْنُ صُبْحٍ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: رَفْعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُنْكَرٌ، وَهُوَ مَعَ انْقِطَاعِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى تَرْكِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمُتَّصِلُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ صَاحِبِهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ ⦗٢١٧⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِينَ.
Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) performed his last Hajj, a Muslim man was killed among Banu Wadi'ah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent to them, after he had completed the rites, and asked them whether they knew of a killer of this slain man among them. The people said no. So fifty elders were brought out from them to swear, and they were made to stand in the Hatim, and an oath was taken from them in these words: By Allah, the Lord of this Sacred House, the Lord of this Sacred City and the Lord of this Sacred Month, you did not kill him and you know of no killer of his. They swore to that, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed on them the heavy blood money (diyah mughallazah), in camels of specified ages, or in dinars and dirhams a blood money plus one third. One man among them, whose name was Sinan, said: "O Commander of the Believers, will my oath not suffice to spare my wealth?" He said: "No, I have only judged among you with the judgement of the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." So they took his blood money in dinars: a blood money plus a third of a blood money.
Ali said: Umar bin Subh, in its chain, is matruk al-hadith (abandoned in hadith).
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is munkar (rejected), and besides its break it comes through the narration of one whom they agreed to abandon. Al-Shafi'i said: The connected narration is more deserving of being taken than the broken one, and the Ansar know the hadith of their own man better than others. Al-Shafi'i said: It is also narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he began with the defendants, then returned the oaths to the claimants.
Ali said: Umar bin Subh, in its chain, is matruk al-hadith (abandoned in hadith).
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is munkar (rejected), and besides its break it comes through the narration of one whom they agreed to abandon. Al-Shafi'i said: The connected narration is more deserving of being taken than the broken one, and the Ansar know the hadith of their own man better than others. Al-Shafi'i said: It is also narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he began with the defendants, then returned the oaths to the claimants.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ أَجْرَى فَرَسًا فَوَطِئَ عَلَى إِصْبَعِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ، فَنَزَّى مِنْهَا فَمَاتَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِلَّذِينَ ادَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ: أَتَحْلِفُونَ بِاللهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا؟ فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ، فَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ: احْلِفُوا أَنْتُمْ، فَأَبَوْا، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِشَطْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى السَّعْدِيِّينَ.
Sulayman bin Yasar and Irak bin Malik said: A man of Banu Sa'd bin Layth raced a horse, and it trod on the finger of a man of Juhaynah; it kept bleeding and he died. So Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to those against whom the claim was made: "Will you swear fifty oaths by Allah that he did not die from it?" They refused and felt uneasy about the oaths. Then he said to the others: "You swear." They too refused, so Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed half the blood money on the Sa'dis.
