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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: أصل القسامة والبداية فيها مع اللوث بأيمان المدعي
Chapter: The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths of the claimant when there is circumstantial evidence (lawth)
Bayhaqi 16434 — The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْمَعْنَى، قَالُوا: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّ مُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، انْطَلَقَا قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي النَّخْلِ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، فَاتَّهَمُوا الْيَهُودَ، فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَابْنَا عَمِّهِ حُوَيِّصَةُ، وَمُحَيِّصَةُ فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَكَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي أَمْرِ أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ " أَوْ قَالَ: " لِيَبْدَأِ الْأَكْبَرُ " فَتَكَلَّمَا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَيُدْفَعُ بِرُمَّتِهِ؟ " قَالُوا: أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَشْهَدْهُ، كَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ؟ قَالَ: " فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ قَالَ سَهْلٌ: ⦗٢٠٧⦘ دَخَلْتُ مِرْبَدًا لَهُمْ يَوْمًا فَرَكَضَتْنِي نَاقَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ رَكْضَةً بِرِجْلِهَا هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوُهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: اسْتَحِقُّوا صَاحِبَكُمْ، أَوْ قَالَ: قَتِيلَكُمْ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ قَالُوا: أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَشْهَدْهُ، قَالَ: فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ وَذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ بِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَرِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ كَمَا مَضَى، وَالْعَدَدُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، وَهُشَيْمِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرَا سَهْلًا وَلَا رَافِعًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah and Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrate that Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud and Abdullah bin Sahl set off towards Khaybar and separated among the palm trees, and Abdullah bin Sahl was killed. They accused the Jews. So his brother Abd al-Rahman bin Sahl and his two paternal cousins, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd al-Rahman spoke about the matter of his brother, though he was the youngest of them, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The elder, the elder", or he said: "Let the eldest begin." So the two of them spoke about the matter of their companion. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Shall fifty of you swear against a man among them, and then he will be handed over to you with his rope?" They said: "It is a matter we did not witness; how can we swear?" He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, they are a disbelieving people." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own side. Sahl said: One day I entered a pen of theirs, and a she-camel from those camels gave me a kick with her leg.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Become entitled to your companion" — or he said: "your slain man" — "by the oaths of fifty of you." They said: "It is a matter we did not witness." He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them", and he mentioned the rest with the same meaning.
Hammad bin Zayd narrated it thus: "Fifty of you shall swear against a man", whereas the narration of the group is as has preceded, and a group is more likely to have preserved it than a single narrator.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Become entitled to your companion" — or he said: "your slain man" — "by the oaths of fifty of you." They said: "It is a matter we did not witness." He said: "Then the Jews will clear themselves of your claim with the oaths of fifty of them", and he mentioned the rest with the same meaning.
Hammad bin Zayd narrated it thus: "Fifty of you shall swear against a man", whereas the narration of the group is as has preceded, and a group is more likely to have preserved it than a single narrator.
