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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: أصل القسامة والبداية فيها مع اللوث بأيمان المدعي
Chapter: The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths of the claimant when there is circumstantial evidence (lawth)
Bayhaqi 16451 — The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths
اُردوEn
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْلَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ صُبْحٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَجَّ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، حَجَّتَهُ الْأَخِيرَةَ الَّتِي لَمْ يَحُجَّ غَيْرَهَا، غُودِرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَتِيلًا بِبَنِي وَادِعَةَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عُمَرُ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا قَضَى النُّسُكَ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ لِهَذَا الْقَتِيلِ قَاتِلًا مِنْكُمْ؟ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ: لَا فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ شَيْخًا، فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحَطِيمَ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُمْ بِاللهِ رَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ: إِنَّكُمْ لَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُ وَلَا عَلِمْتُمْ لَهُ قَاتِلًا، فَحَلَفُوا بِذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا حَلَفُوا قَالَ: أَدُّوا دِيَةً مُغَلَّظَةً فِي أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ مِنَ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ دِيَةً وَثُلُثًا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ سِنَانُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمَا تَجْزِينِي يَمِينِي مِنْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: لَا إِنَّمَا قَضَيْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِقَضَاءِ نَبِيِّكُمْ فَأَخَذُوا دِيَتَهُ دَنَانِيرَ دِيَةً وَثُلُثَ دِيَةٍ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: عُمَرُ بْنُ صُبْحٍ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: رَفْعُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُنْكَرٌ، وَهُوَ مَعَ انْقِطَاعِهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى تَرْكِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْمُتَّصِلُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمُنْقَطِعِ، وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ صَاحِبِهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ ⦗٢١٧⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِينَ.
Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) performed his last Hajj, a Muslim man was killed among Banu Wadi'ah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent to them, after he had completed the rites, and asked them whether they knew of a killer of this slain man among them. The people said no. So fifty elders were brought out from them to swear, and they were made to stand in the Hatim, and an oath was taken from them in these words: By Allah, the Lord of this Sacred House, the Lord of this Sacred City and the Lord of this Sacred Month, you did not kill him and you know of no killer of his. They swore to that, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed on them the heavy blood money (diyah mughallazah), in camels of specified ages, or in dinars and dirhams a blood money plus one third. One man among them, whose name was Sinan, said: "O Commander of the Believers, will my oath not suffice to spare my wealth?" He said: "No, I have only judged among you with the judgement of the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." So they took his blood money in dinars: a blood money plus a third of a blood money.
Ali said: Umar bin Subh, in its chain, is matruk al-hadith (abandoned in hadith).
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is munkar (rejected), and besides its break it comes through the narration of one whom they agreed to abandon. Al-Shafi'i said: The connected narration is more deserving of being taken than the broken one, and the Ansar know the hadith of their own man better than others. Al-Shafi'i said: It is also narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he began with the defendants, then returned the oaths to the claimants.
Ali said: Umar bin Subh, in its chain, is matruk al-hadith (abandoned in hadith).
Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is munkar (rejected), and besides its break it comes through the narration of one whom they agreed to abandon. Al-Shafi'i said: The connected narration is more deserving of being taken than the broken one, and the Ansar know the hadith of their own man better than others. Al-Shafi'i said: It is also narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he began with the defendants, then returned the oaths to the claimants.
