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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: أصل القسامة والبداية فيها مع اللوث بأيمان المدعي
Chapter: The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths of the claimant when there is circumstantial evidence (lawth)
Bayhaqi 16450 — The basis of qasamah, and beginning with the oaths
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، كَتَبَ فِي قَتِيلٍ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ خَيْوَانَ وَوَادِعَةَ، أَنْ يُقَاسَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ، فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ أَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا حَتَّى يُوَافُوهُ مَكَّةَ، فَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْحَجَرَ فَأَحْلَفَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدِّيَةِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا وَقَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا أَيْمَانَنَا، وَلَا أَيْمَانُنَا أَمْوَالَنَا، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: كَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ غَيْرُ سُفْيَانَ: عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: حَقَنْتُمْ بِأَيْمَانِكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَلَا يُطَلُّ دَمُ مُسْلِمٍ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَنْهُ مَا يُخَالِفُونَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ، ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُ: الثَّابِتُ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ، قَالَ: لَا، إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ ⦗٢١٥⦘ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، وَالْحَارِثُ مَجْهُولٌ، وَنَحْنُ نَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الثَّابِتِ أَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِالْمُدَّعِينَ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا قَالَ: فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَإِذْ قَالَ: تُبْرِئُكُمْ فَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ غَرَامَةٌ، وَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقْبَلِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّونَ أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَدَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى يَهُودَ الْقَتِيلَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ شَيْئًا⦗٢١٦⦘ قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: حَارِثٌ الْأَعْوَرُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ يُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، أَنَّ قَتِيلًا وُجِدَ بَيْنَ وَادِعَةٍ وَخَيْوَانَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَزْمَعِ، فَعَادَتْ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ مُجَالِدٍ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ عَلَى مُجَالِدٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَمُجَالِدٌ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) reports about Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was written to about a slain man who was found between two villages. He said: "Fifty men from the village to which he is nearer shall come and swear." Then he (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money on them. They said: "Our oaths did not protect our wealth, nor did our wealth protect our oaths." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "That is how the matter is." [Da'if]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone other than Sufyan said that Asim al-Ahwal (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Your oaths have protected your blood, but I will not let the blood of a Muslim go to waste." Then, in answer to a question, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the rulings in this incident in which they differ from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he was asked: Is this incident established in your view? He said: "No." Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates it from al-Harith al-A'war, and al-Harith al-A'war is majhul (unknown). It is established by a sound and authentic chain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked for the oath from the Jews too, but the Ansar did not accept, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own funds, not imposing it on the Jews.
Al-Rabi' said: One of the people of knowledge told me from Jarir, from Mughirah, from al-Sha'bi, who said: Al-Harith al-A'war was a liar. It is also narrated from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Mujalid is not taken as proof. It is also narrated from Mutarrif, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith bin al-Azma', from Umar, but Abu Ishaq did not hear from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. Ali bin al-Madini reported from Abu Zayd, from Shu'bah, who said: I heard Abu Ishaq narrating the hadith of al-Harith bin al-Azma' that a slain man was found between Wadi'ah and Khaywan, so I said: O Abu Ishaq, who narrated it to you? He said: Mujalid narrated it to me, from al-Sha'bi, from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. So the narration of Abu Ishaq goes back to the hadith of Mujalid; there is disagreement over its chain from Mujalid, and Mujalid is not taken as proof. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone other than Sufyan said that Asim al-Ahwal (may Allah have mercy on him) reports from Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Your oaths have protected your blood, but I will not let the blood of a Muslim go to waste." Then, in answer to a question, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the rulings in this incident in which they differ from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he was asked: Is this incident established in your view? He said: "No." Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates it from al-Harith al-A'war, and al-Harith al-A'war is majhul (unknown). It is established by a sound and authentic chain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked for the oath from the Jews too, but the Ansar did not accept, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own funds, not imposing it on the Jews.
Al-Rabi' said: One of the people of knowledge told me from Jarir, from Mughirah, from al-Sha'bi, who said: Al-Harith al-A'war was a liar. It is also narrated from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Mujalid is not taken as proof. It is also narrated from Mutarrif, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith bin al-Azma', from Umar, but Abu Ishaq did not hear from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. Ali bin al-Madini reported from Abu Zayd, from Shu'bah, who said: I heard Abu Ishaq narrating the hadith of al-Harith bin al-Azma' that a slain man was found between Wadi'ah and Khaywan, so I said: O Abu Ishaq, who narrated it to you? He said: Mujalid narrated it to me, from al-Sha'bi, from al-Harith bin al-Azma'. So the narration of Abu Ishaq goes back to the hadith of Mujalid; there is disagreement over its chain from Mujalid, and Mujalid is not taken as proof. And Allah knows best.
