السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
جماع أبواب الأنفال -- باب: السلب للقاتل
Collected chapters on extra shares of spoils (anfal) -- Chapter: The spoils of a slain enemy go to his killer
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْمَاجِشُونِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا وَاقِفٌ فِي الصَّفِّ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ نَظَرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَعَنْ شِمَالِي، فَإِذَا أَنَا بَيْنَ غُلَامَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَدِيثَةٌ أَسْنَانُهُمْ، تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ بَيْنَ أَضْلَعَ مِنْهُمَا، فَغَمَزَنِي أَحَدُهُمَا فَقَالَ: يَا عَمَّاهُ، هَلْ تَعْرِفُ أَبَا جَهْلٍ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَمَا حَاجَتُكَ إِلَيْهِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي؟ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهُ يَسُبُّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَئِنْ رَأَيْتُهُ لَا يُفَارِقُ سَوَادِي سَوَادَهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ الْأَعْجَلُ مِنَّا، وَتَعَجَّبْتُ لِذَلِكَ، فَغَمَزَنِي الْآخَرُ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَهَا، فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ يَدُورُ فِي النَّاسِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمَا: أَلَا إِنَّ هَذَا صَاحِبُكُمَا الَّذِي تَسْأَلَانِ عَنْهُ، فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا فَضَرَبَاهُ حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ، فَقَالَ: " أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ؟ " فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا: أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: " هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا؟ " قَالَا: لَا، فَنَظَرَ فِي السَّيْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ: " كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ "، وَقَضَى بِسَلَبِهِ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ، وَكَانَا مُعَاذَ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ وَمُعَاذَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ.
Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I was standing in the row on the day of Badr. I looked to my right and my left, and there were two young boys of the Ansar. I wished that I were beside someone older. One of them nudged me and said: "O uncle! Do you know Abu Jahl?" I said: "Yes, and what do you want with him, O nephew?" He said: "I have been told that he insults the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By the One in whose hand is my soul, if I see him, I will not leave him until whichever of us is destined to die first dies." I was greatly surprised at this. Then the other one also said the same thing. Shortly after, I saw Abu Jahl moving about among the people, and I said to them: "There is the one you were asking me about." The two of them ran at him with their swords and struck him until they killed him. Then they both returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Which of you killed him?" Each of them said: "I killed him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Have you wiped your swords clean?" Both said: "No." He (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at both swords and said: "Both of you killed him," and he gave judgment that his (Abu Jahl's) spoils (salab) go to Mu'adh bin Amr bin al-Jamuh (may Allah be pleased with him). The two of them were Mu'adh bin Afra' and Mu'adh bin Amr bin al-Jamuh (may Allah be pleased with them both).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَالِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ غَيْرُ جَيِّدٍ؛ فَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِنَا هَذَا كَيْفَ كَانَتْ حَالُ الْغَنِيمَةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي إِعْطَائِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْقَاتِلِ السَّلَبَ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ.
Using this hadith as evidence on this issue is not sound. It has already been explained in this book of ours what the state of the spoils was on the day of Badr until the verse was revealed; the evidence is only in his (peace and blessings be upon him) giving the spoils (salab) to the killer after the battle of Badr, and that is clear in the hadith of Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) and others.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٤٩٩⦘ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ ح وَأنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ وَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي، فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرُ اللهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ "، فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ، فَقُمْتُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟ " فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي، فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَاهَا اللهِ إِذًا لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " صَدَقَ؛ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ " قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: فَأَعْطَنِيهِ، فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْمَخْرَفُ: النَّخْلُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Hunayn. When we met the enemy, the Muslims were in retreat. I saw a man of the polytheists overpowering a man of the Muslims. (Abu Qatadah says:) I turned around and came at him from behind, and I struck him on the neck. He came at me and seized me so tightly that I felt my soul being taken; then he died and let go of me. I met Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: "What is the state of the Muslims?" Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It is the decree of Allah." Then the people returned to victory. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills someone and has a witness to it, the belongings of the slain man are his." I stood up and said: "Who will testify for me?" (When no one stood up,) I sat down. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said it a second time, and I stood up again and said: "Who will testify for me?" (When no one rose,) I sat down. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said the same thing a third time, and I stood up again. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Abu Qatadah! What is the matter with you?" I told him the whole story. A man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! He has spoken the truth, and the man's belongings are with me, so satisfy him (on my behalf)." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! He will never do that: (take) from a lion of Allah who fought for Allah and give you his spoils." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has spoken the truth, so give it to him." Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He (that man) gave me the belongings. I sold the coat of mail and with its price bought an orchard among Banu Salimah; it was the first property I acquired in Islam.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا الْكَجِّيُّ يَعْنِي أَبَا مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا حَجَّاجٌ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، أنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ، فَجَعَلُوهُمْ صُفُوفًا؛ يُكْثِرُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَالْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَوَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ "، فَهَزَمَ اللهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ يُضْرَبْ بِسَيْفٍ، وَلَمْ يُطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ: " ⦗٥٠٠⦘ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ "، فَأَخَذَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا، فَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي قَدْ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ عَجِلْتُ عَنْهُ أَنْ آخُذَ سَلَبَهُ، فَانْظُرْ مَعَ مَنْ فَأَعْطِنِيهَا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا، فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا، فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا، فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ: " صَدَقَ عُمَرُ "، وَلَقِيَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَمَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ، مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ: إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَبْعَجُ بَطْنَهُ، فَأَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، اقْتُلْ مَنْ بَعْدَنَا الطُّلَقَاءَ، فَقَالَ: " يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ، إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَفَى وَأَحْسَنَ " أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ آخِرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي قِصَّةِ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ، وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِ.
It is narrated from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of Hunayn the tribe of Hawazin brought their women, children, camels and goats, and they arranged them all in rows to appear more numerous against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Muslims and the polytheists met, and the Muslims began to turn back. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O servants of Allah! I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger. O company of the Ansar! I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger." So Allah Almighty defeated the polytheists without a sword being struck or a spear being thrust. That day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, his belongings (salab) go to the killer, so let him take them." In the narration of Abu Dawud: That day Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty men and took the belongings of all of them. Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I struck a man on the neck, and he was wearing a coat of mail, but I was hurried away before I could take his belongings. Look into who has it, and give it to me." A man said: "I took it, so satisfy him (on my behalf) and give it to me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent; whenever he was asked for something, he would either give it or remain silent. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! Allah will not take it from one of His lions and give it to you." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed and said: "Umar has spoken the truth." And Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) met Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), and she had a dagger with her. Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Umm Sulaym! What is this you have with you?" She said: "If any man of the polytheists comes near me, I will rip open his belly." Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) informed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) of this. Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "O Messenger of Allah! Kill those other than us, the Tulaqa' (those set free at the conquest of Makkah, who fled)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Umm Sulaym! Allah has sufficed (us) and has done well."
It is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Muslim.
It is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Muslim.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، قَالَا: ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَفْرِيقِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ ".
Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills someone, the belongings of the slain man are for the killer."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحُرْفِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبِرْتِيُّ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعُمَيْسِ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَيْنٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَهُوَ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَجَلَسَ فَتَحَدَّثَ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ انْسَلَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اطْلُبُوهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ ". قَالَ: فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ وَأَخَذْتُ سَلَبَهُ زَادَ الْبِرْتِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: فَنَفَّلَنِي إِيَّاهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) that a spy of the polytheists came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey. He sat down and began talking with the Companions, then he slipped away. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Catch him and kill him." Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I got to him first, killed him and took his belongings.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، ثنا إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَوَازِنَ، فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ نَتَضَحَّى، عَامَّتُنَا مُشَاةٌ فِينَا ضَعْفٌ، إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ، فَانْتَزَعَ طَلَقًا مِنْ حَقْوِ الْبَعِيرِ؛ فَقَيَّدَ بِهِ جَمَلَهُ، ثُمَّ مَالَ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ضَعْفَهُمْ أَطْلَقَهُ ثُمَّ أَنَاخَهُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَرْكُضُ، وَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى ⦗٥٠١⦘ نَاقَةٍ وَرْقَاءَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ الْقَوْمِ، فَخَرَجْتُ أَعْدُو فَأَدْرَكْتُهُ وَرَأْسُ النَّاقَةِ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْبَعِيرِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَأَنَخْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا صَارَتْ رُكْبَتُهُ بِالْأَرْضِ اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِي فَأَضْرِبُهُ، فَنَدَرَ رَأْسُهُ، فَجِئْتُ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ وَمَا عَلَيْهَا أَقُودُهُ، وَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ مُقْبِلًا فَقَالَ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ؟ " قَالُوا: ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، قَالَ: " لَهُ السَّلَبُ أَجْمَعُ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ..
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) that we went on the expedition against Hawazin with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). We were having our morning meal, and among us were weak people and people on foot. A man came on a red camel. He pulled a strap from the camel's back and tied it with that. Then he came among the people, and when he saw their weakness, he untied the camel's strap, made it kneel, mounted it and ran off. A man of the tribe of Aslam pursued him on a dusky-coloured she-camel. I too ran out on foot and caught up with him, while the head of the (Aslami's) she-camel was at the camel's haunch. Then I went forward, took hold of the reins of his camel and made it kneel. When its knees touched the ground, I drew my sword and struck him, and his head flew off. Then I brought his mount and whatever was on it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came forward and received me, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who killed (him)?" They said: "Sayyiduna Ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "All his belongings are for him."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي قَمَّاشٍ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَنَفَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَاحِلَتَهُ وَمَا عَلَيْهَا وَسِلَاحَهُ.
Ikrimah bin Ammar narrated the hadith, (in which) Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me his mount and the weapons and other things that were on it.
وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: " لَقِينَا الْعَدُوَّ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَطَعَنْتُ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلْتُهُ، فَنَفَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَبَهُ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَمْدُونَ الْأَعْمَشُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ الْعَتِيقِ، ثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ، ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ.
Salim bin Abdullah narrates from his father (Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both)) that he said: We met the enemy with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). I speared a man and killed him, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me his belongings.
This is gharib (singular) with this chain, and it has been narrated through another, weak route.
This is gharib (singular) with this chain, and it has been narrated through another, weak route.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَيٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: " خَرَجْتُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ، فَلَقِينَا الْعَدُوَّ، فَشَدَدْتُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَطَعَنْتُهُ فَقَطَرْتُهُ وَأَخَذْتُ سَلَبَهُ، فَنَفَّلَنِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ".
Salim bin Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said: I went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a military expedition. We met the enemy, and I seized a man forcefully, struck him with a spear, spilled his blood and took his belongings, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them to me.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَعْقِلِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ ⦗٥٠٢⦘ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ قَالَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ: " أَلَا نَأْتِي نَدْعُو اللهَ " فَخَلَوْا فِي نَاحِيَةٍ، فَدَعَا سَعْدٌ قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، إِذَا لَقِينَا الْقَوْمَ غَدًا، فَلَقِّنِي رَجُلًا شَدِيدًا بَأْسُهُ شَدِيدًا حَرْدُهُ؛ فَأُقَاتِلَهُ فِيكَ وَيُقَاتِلُنِي، ثُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي عَلَيْهِ الظَّفَرَ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ وَآخُذَ سَلَبَهُ، فَأَمَّنَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي غَدًا رَجُلًا شَدِيدًا حَرْدُهُ، شَدِيدًا بَأْسُهُ، أُقَاتِلُهُ فِيكَ وَيُقَاتِلُنِي، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُنِي فَيَجْدَعُ أَنْفِي، فَإِذَا لَقِيتُكَ غَدًا قُلْتَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، فِيمَ جُدِعَ أَنْفُكَ وَأُذُنُكَ؟ فَأَقُولُ: فِيكَ وَفِي رَسُولِكَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَقُولُ: صَدَقْتَ "، قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: يَا بُنِيَّ، كَانَتْ دَعْوَةُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ خَيْرًا مِنْ دَعْوَتِي، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ وَإِنَّ أُذُنَهُ وَأَنْفَهُ لَمُعَلَّقَانِ فِي خَيْطٍ.
Ishaq bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: My father told me that Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) said on the day of Uhud: "Come, let us call upon Allah." So we went off to one side. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) prayed: "O my Lord, when we meet the enemy tomorrow, let me meet a man of fierce resolve; let me fight him for Your sake and let him fight me. Then grant me victory over him, so that I kill him and take his belongings." Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said Amin. Then Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O my Lord, let me meet a man of fierce resolve tomorrow; let me fight him for Your sake and let him fight me and cut off my nose. Then when I meet You tomorrow, You will say: 'O Abdullah, why were your nose and ear cut off?' and I will say: 'For Your sake and for the sake of Your Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him),' and You will say: 'You have spoken the truth.'" Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O my son, the prayer of Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) was better than my prayer. At the end of the day I saw that his ear and his nose were hanging on a thread."
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْخَفَّافُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ الْمَدَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو رَبِيعَةَ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ حَاطِبَ بْنَ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ طَلَعَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أُحُدٍ وَهُوَ يَشْتَدُّ، وَفِي يَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ التُّرْسُ فِيهِ مَاءٌ، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَغْسِلُ وَجْهَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ حَاطِبٌ: مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: " عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، هَشَّمَ وَجْهِيَ، وَدَقَّ رَبَاعِيَتِي بِحَجَرٍ رَمَانِي "، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ صَائِحًا يَصِيحُ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ: قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَأَتَيْتُ وَكَانَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ رُوحِي، قُلْتُ: أَيْنَ تَوَجَّهَ عُتْبَةُ؟ فَأَشَارَ إِلَى حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَ، فَمَضَيْتُ حَتَّى ظَفَرْتُ بِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَطَرَحْتُ رَأْسَهُ فَهَبَطَتْ، فَأَخَذْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَسَلَبَهُ وَفَرَسَهُ وَجِئْتُ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ إِلِيَّ وَدَعَا لِي فَقَالَ: " رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْكَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْكَ ".
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) heard Sayyiduna Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) say: On the day of Uhud the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards me while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was in distress. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had a vessel of water in his hand, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was washing his face with that water. Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): Who did this to you (peace and blessings be upon him)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Utbah bin Abi Waqqas struck my face and knocked out my teeth with a stone." I said: I heard a voice on the mountain crying out that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had been killed, and I came in such a state as if my soul were leaving me. I asked: Where is Utbah? He (peace and blessings be upon him) pointed: "He is that way." I went after him until I prevailed. I struck him with the sword and took off his head. Then I took his head, his belongings and his horse and brought them to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them to me and prayed for me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Radiya Allahu 'anka, radiya Allahu 'anka (May Allah be pleased with you, may Allah be pleased with you)."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَهُوذَا، عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ قَالُوا: فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَقَتْلَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَبْدِ وُدٍّ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَحْوَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَجْهُهُ يَتَهَلَّلُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " هَلَّا اسْتَلَبْتَ دِرْعَهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلْعَرَبِ دِرْعٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا "، فَقَالَ: " ضَرَبْتُهُ فَاتَّقَانِي بِسَوَادِهِ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ ابْنَ عَمِّي أَنْ أَسْتَلِبَهُ ".
Muhammad bin Ka'b and Uthman bin Yahudha narrated from men of their people, who said: He then mentioned the story of the Trench and how Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) killed Amr bin Abd Wudd. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came towards the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with his face shining. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Why did you not kill him and take his coat of mail? It was the finest coat of mail among the Arabs. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I struck him, and he shrank back in fear towards his ranks, and I felt ashamed to take his coat of mail.
وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي حِصْنِ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ حِينَ خَنْدَقَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ: " فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَجُلٌ مَنْ يَهُودَ، فَجَعَلَ يُطِيفُ بِالْحِصْنِ، فَقُلْتُ لِحَسَّانَ: إِنَّ هَذَا ⦗٥٠٣⦘ الْيَهُودِيَّ يُطِيفُ بِالْحِصْنِ كَمَا تَرَى، وَلَا آمَنُهُ أَنْ يَدُلَّ عَلَى عَوْرَتِنَا، فَانْزِلْ إِلَيْهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ "، فَقَالَ: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكِ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَاللهِ لَقَدْ عَرَفْتِ مَا أَنَا بِصَاحِبِ هَذَا، قَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ: " فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ احْتَجَزْتُ وَأَخَذْتُ عَمُودًا، ثُمَّ نَزَلْتُ مِنَ الْحِصْنِ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالْعَمُودِ حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْحِصْنِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا حَسَّانُ، انْزِلْ فَاسْتَلِبْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي أَنْ أَسْتَلِبَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ "، فَقَالَ: مَا لِي بِسَلَبِهِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ.
Yahya bin Abbad bin Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with her) was in the fortress of Sayyiduna Hassan bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dug the Trench. Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: A man from the Jews passed by us and began circling around the fortress. I said to Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him): This Jew is circling around the fortress, as you can see, and I do not feel safe that he will not point out where our women are. So go down and kill him. Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O daughter of Abd al-Muttalib, may Allah forgive you! By Allah, you know (my condition); I cannot do this. Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) said this, I got myself ready and took hold of a pole, then I went (out) from the fortress towards him and kept striking him until I killed him. Then I went back and said to Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him): Go and bring his belongings; the only thing that stopped me from bringing them is that he is a (non-mahram) man. Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O daughter of Abd al-Muttalib, I have no need of that property.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، مِثْلَهُ. وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ: هِيَ أَوَّلُ امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.
This narration contains the addition that she was the first woman to kill a man of the polytheists.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ يَهُودِيٌّ يَوْمَ قُرَيْظَةَ: مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قِمْ يَا زُبَيْرُ "، فَقَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَاحِدِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيُّهُمَا عَلَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ قَتَلَهُ "، فَعَلَاهُ الزُّبَيْرُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَنَفَّلَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَبَهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ.
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: On the day of Qurayzah a Jew said: Who will come out to fight? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Zubayr, stand up." Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), my only son? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whichever of the two overpowers the other will kill him." So Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) overpowered him and killed him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) his belongings.
This report is mursal (its chain omits the Companion); it has also been narrated with a connected chain that mentions Ibn Abbas.
This report is mursal (its chain omits the Companion); it has also been narrated with a connected chain that mentions Ibn Abbas.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: " أُصِيبَ بِهَا، يَعْنِي فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ، نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْضَ أَمْتِعَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَكَانَ مِمَّا غَنِمُوا خَاتَمًا جَاءَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: قَتَلْتُ صَاحِبَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِيَّاهُ ".
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: In the Battle of Mu'tah some of the Muslims were struck down, and the Muslims took some of the belongings of the polytheists as spoils. Among what they took was a ring, which a man brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: I killed its owner that day. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا هِشَامٌ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: " بَارَزَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَنَفَّلَهُ سَيْفَهُ وَتُرْسَهُ ".
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Aqil bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) fought a man in single combat in the Battle of Mu'tah, and Aqil (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the man's sword and shield.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ النَّحَّاسُ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَوْ هُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: " بَارَزَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ، فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَيْفَهُ وَتُرْسَهُ ".
It is in the hadith of Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that Aqil (may Allah be pleased with him) fought a man in single combat at Mu'tah, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Aqil (may Allah be pleased with him) the man's sword and shield.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، أَنَّ عَقِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ فَأَصَابَ عَلَيْهِ خَاتَمًا فِيهِ فَصٌّ أَحْمَرُ فِيهِ تِمْثَالٌ، فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: " لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ تِمْثَالٌ "، قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَفَّلَهُ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ: فَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا. هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ، وَجَابِرٌ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ هُوَ الْحَنَفِيُّ، وَالَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُ عَقِيلٍ هُوَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي قَاتِلِ مَرْحَبٍ. مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: قَتَلَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: قَتَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Jabir (al-Hanafi) said: A man from Banu Hashim told me that Aqil bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) killed a man at Mu'tah and found on him a ring with a red stone set in it, bearing an image. He brought it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) took it and looked at it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If only there were no image on it!" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to him (Aqil). He said: It is with us.
This shows that the hadith has a basis. The Jabir from whom Abu Khaythamah narrated is al-Hanafi, and the one from whom Ibn Aqil narrated is Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both).
The Shaykh said: They differed about who killed Marhab. Some said Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him, and some said Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him.
This shows that the hadith has a basis. The Jabir from whom Abu Khaythamah narrated is al-Hanafi, and the one from whom Ibn Aqil narrated is Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both).
The Shaykh said: They differed about who killed Marhab. Some said Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him, and some said Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ بَطَّةَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو هُوَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ قَالَ: وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ ضَرَبَ سَاقَيْ مَرْحَبٍ فَقَطَعَهُمَا، فَقَالَ مَرْحَبٌ: أَجْهِزْ عَلَيَّ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: ذُقِ الْمَوْتَ كَمَا ذَاقَهُ أَخِي مَحْمُودٌ، وَجَاوَزَهُ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ، فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَلَبِهِ، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَاللهِ مَا قَطَعْتُ رِجْلَيْهِ وَتَرَكْتُهُ إِلَّا لِيَذُوقَ الْمَوْتَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ قَادِرًا أَنْ أُجْهِزَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: صَدَقَ، ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَ رِجْلَيْهِ، " فَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَبَهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفَهُ وَدِرْعَهُ وَمِغْفَرَهُ وَبَيْضَتَهُ " وَكَانَ عِنْدَ آلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفُهُ، فِيهِ كِتَابٌ لَا يَدْرِي مَا هُوَ، حَتَّى قَرَأَهُ يَهُودِيٌّ مَنْ يَهُودِ تَيْمَاءَ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ: هَذَا سَيْفُ مَرْحَبٍ، مَنْ يَذُقْهُ يَعْطَبْ.
Al-Waqidi (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) struck Marhab on the shins and cut both of them off. Marhab said: "O Muhammad, finish me off quickly." Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Taste death as my brother Mahmud tasted it," and he left him and went on. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by him, struck off his head and took his belongings. The two of them (Muhammad and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both) brought their dispute over the salab (the slain man's gear) to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, I only cut off his legs and left him so that he would taste death, and I was certainly able to finish him off." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He has spoken the truth; I only struck off his head after he had cut off his legs." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Marhab's sword, coat of mail and helmet to Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him). That sword was with the family of Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him), and something was written on it, but no one knew what it said until a Jew from Tayma' read it. It said: "This is the sword of Marhab; whoever tastes it will perish."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ ⦗٥٠٥⦘ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَارِثِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُفَيْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا تَحَوَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الشِّقِّ، يَعْنِي مِنْ خَيْبَرَ، خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَصَاحَ: مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ قَدْ عَصَبَ رَأْسَهُ بِعِصَابَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ فَوْقَ الْمِغْفَرِ، يَخْتَالُ فِي مِشْيَتِهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَقَطَعَ رِجْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ دَفَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ؛ دِرْعَهُ وَسَيْفَهَ، فَجَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، " فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاكَ " هَذَا وَالَّذِي قَبْلَهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَفِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ كِفَايَةٌ.
Muhammad bin Sahl (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) moved to al-Shiqq (in Khaybar), a man of the Jews came out and called out: Who will come out to fight? Abu Dujanah (may Allah be pleased with him) came out against him. He had tied a red band around his head over his helmet, and there was a proud swagger in his walk. Abu Dujanah (may Allah be pleased with him) struck him and cut off his legs, then finished him off, and brought his belongings, his coat of mail and his sword, to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them to him.
This report and the one before it are munqati' (with a broken chain), and the connected hadiths suffice (on this matter).
This report and the one before it are munqati' (with a broken chain), and the connected hadiths suffice (on this matter).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ قَالَ: ثنا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills someone, his belongings are for him."
