Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And since they, meaning the people of desires (innovators), are like this (acceptable in testimony), then the one who plays chess, even though we dislike it for him, and the one who plays with pigeons, even though we dislike it for him, is in a lighter state than these people by a degree that can be neither counted nor estimated."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said this because in this (issue of chess) too there is a difference of opinion among the scholars.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / Q20922
Rabi' bin Sulayman (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) used to play chess from behind his back (without looking at the board), and he would say: "With what did he move such-and-such?" He would say: "With such-and-such." He would say: "Move with such-and-such."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20922
Ma'mar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It reached me that al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) used to play chess, wrap himself in a woman's sheet and let his hair hang down; that was because he was in hiding from al-Hajjaj.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20924
Ma'qil bin Malik al-Bahili (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I came out of the Friday mosque, and there was a man to whom a mount had been brought. A man asked him: Did al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) play chess? He said: He saw no harm in it, but he disliked nardashir (backgammon). I said: Who is this? They said: Ibn Awn (may Allah have mercy on him). He had gold fitted to his teeth.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20925
Ahmad bin Bashir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I came to Basrah in search of hadith. I came to Bahz bin Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him) and found him with a group of people, playing chess.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20926
Sufyan said: I saw Ibrahim al-Hajari, and he used to play chess.
So al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) counted playing chess among the disputed issues, in the sense that it does not require the rejection of testimony. As for the dislike of playing it, he stated it explicitly in what we mentioned earlier, and that is the more likely and more fitting view in his school. Those who disliked it are more numerous, and among them are those whose words are taken as proof. And success is from Allah.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20927
Ja'far bin Muhammad narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that chess is the gambling (maysir) of the non-Arabs.
This is mursal, but it has supporting reports (shawahid).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20928
Maysarah bin Habib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by some people who were playing chess, and he said: "What are these images to which you are devoted?" [Surah al-Anbiya': 52]
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20929
Asbagh bin Nubatah said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by some people who were playing chess. He said: "What are these images to which you are devoted?" [Surah al-Anbiya': 52]
For them to hold a live coal until it goes out in their hand is better than for them to touch the chess pieces.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20930
Al-Hakam (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The chess player is the greatest liar among people; he says, 'I have killed,' though he has not killed.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20931
Ammar bin Abi Ammar said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by a gathering of Taym Allah while they were playing chess. He stood over them and said: "By Allah, you were created for something other than this. By Allah, were it not that it would become a sunnah (an established practice), I would strike your faces with it."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20932
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Chess too is a form of nard. When Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) became the guardian of an orphan's property, he burned it (the chess set).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20933
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about chess, and he said: It is even worse than nard.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20934
Ubaydullah bin Abi Ja'far narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she used to dislike kabl, even if there was no gambling on it, and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) used to dislike chess.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20936
Salih bin Abi Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Ibn al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) about chess, and he said: It is falsehood, and Allah dislikes falsehood.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20937
Uqayl (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about playing chess, and he said: It is falsehood; I dislike it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20938
Ibrahim bin Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) about chess, and he said: It is falsehood, and Allah Almighty dislikes falsehood.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20939
Isma'il (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Ja'far (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about chess, and he said: "We have left this Magian thing alone."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20940