السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من ليس للإمام أن يغزو به بحال
Those whom the ruler may not take on an expedition under any circumstances
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " غَزَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَغَزَا مَعَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ نِفَاقُهُ، فَانْخَزَلَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي الْمَغَازِي.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fought battles, and some people whose hypocrisy was evident also fought alongside him (peace and blessings be upon him), and on the day of Uhud three hundred men broke away from him. The Shaykh said: This is explained in the Maghazi.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا، عَنْ يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ، قَالَ فِيهَا: " خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالشَّوْطِ بَيْنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأُحُدٍ انْخَزَلَ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِيٍّ الْمُنَافِقُ بِثُلُثِ النَّاسِ، فَرَجَعَ بِمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرَّيْبِ وَالنِّفَاقِ ".
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) and other scholars said: On the day of Uhud, he (peace and blessings be upon him) set out with a thousand men. When they reached al-Shawt, between Madinah and Uhud, Abdullah bin Ubayy the hypocrite broke away with a third of the people, and the people of doubt and the hypocrites who followed him went back.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ أُحُدٍ قَالَ: " فَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَبَقِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةٍ ".
Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: On the day of Uhud, Abdullah bin Ubayy the hypocrite went back with three hundred of his companions, and seven hundred men remained with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: " فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ أُحُدًا، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَبَقِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةٍ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Uhud. When he reached Uhud, Abdullah bin Ubayy went back from there with three hundred of his companions, and seven hundred remained with him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ بِهَا، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ رَجَعَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ، فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِمْ فِرْقَتَيْنِ: فِرْقَةٌ تَقُولُ: نَقْتُلُهُمْ، وَفِرْقَةٌ تَقُولُ: لَا نَقْتُلُهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا} [النساء: ٨٨]. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " ثُمَّ شَهِدُوا مَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِمَا حَكَى الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: {مَا وَعَدَنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا} [الأحزاب: ١٢]. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي الْمَغَازِي عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ - الْإِسْنَادُ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْخَنْدَقِ -: فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ الْبَلَاءُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ نَافَقَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَتَكَلَّمُوا بِكَلَامٍ قَبِيحٍ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا فِيهِ ⦗٥٥⦘ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْكَرْبِ جَعَلَ يُبَشِّرُهُمْ وَيَقُولُ: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَيُفَرَّجَنَّ عَنْكُمْ مَا تَرَوْنَ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ وَالْبَلَاءِ، فَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ آمِنًا، وَأَنْ يَدْفَعَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَفَاتِحَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَلَيُهْلِكَنَّ اللهُ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ، وَلَتُنْفَقَنَّ كُنُوزُهُمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ". فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: أَلَا تَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعِدُنَا أَنْ نَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ وَأَنْ نَغْنَمَ كُنُوزَ فَارِسَ وَالرُّومِ، وَنَحْنُ هَا هُنَا لَا يَأْمَنُ أَحَدُنَا أَنْ يَذْهَبَ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ، وَاللهِ لَمَا يَعِدُنَا إِلَّا غُرُورًا. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ: ائْذَنْ لَنَا فَإِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مَقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا. وَسَمَّى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَائِلَ الْأَوَّلَ مُعَتِّبَ بْنَ قُشَيْرٍ، وَالْقَائِلَ الثَّانِيَ أَوْسَ بْنَ قَيْظِيٍّ.
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to Uhud, some people turned back on the way. Those who were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were divided into two groups (about them): one said, "We will fight them," and the other said, "We will not fight them." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Then what is the matter with you that you have become two groups concerning the hypocrites, while Allah has turned them back because of what they earned?" [Surah al-Nisa: 88]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then these people took part in (the battle of) the Trench and spoke what He has related of them: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion." [Surah al-Ahzab: 12]
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is related in detail in the Maghazi from Musa bin Uqbah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, and it has passed in the story of the Trench that when the trial became severe on him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions, many people became hypocrites and began to speak vile words. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the state the people were in because of the trial and hardship, he (peace and blessings be upon him) began to give them glad tidings. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the severe trial you are seeing will surely be lifted. I hope that we will circumambulate the House (of Allah) in safety, that Allah Almighty will give me the keys of the Ka'bah, and that He will surely destroy Khusraw and Caesar, and you will spend their treasures in His way." A man among the hypocrites said to his companions: "Are you not amazed at Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He promises us circumambulation of the House and the division of the treasures of Persia and Rome, while we are not even safe when we go to relieve ourselves. By Allah, he is deceiving us." Others said: "Give us permission (to go to our homes)." And some said: "O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to stand, so go back." [Surah al-Ahzab: 13] Ibn Ishaq named the first speaker as Mu'attib bin Qushayr and the second as Aws bin Qayzi.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then these people took part in (the battle of) the Trench and spoke what He has related of them: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion." [Surah al-Ahzab: 12]
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is related in detail in the Maghazi from Musa bin Uqbah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, and it has passed in the story of the Trench that when the trial became severe on him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions, many people became hypocrites and began to speak vile words. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the state the people were in because of the trial and hardship, he (peace and blessings be upon him) began to give them glad tidings. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the severe trial you are seeing will surely be lifted. I hope that we will circumambulate the House (of Allah) in safety, that Allah Almighty will give me the keys of the Ka'bah, and that He will surely destroy Khusraw and Caesar, and you will spend their treasures in His way." A man among the hypocrites said to his companions: "Are you not amazed at Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He promises us circumambulation of the House and the division of the treasures of Persia and Rome, while we are not even safe when we go to relieve ourselves. By Allah, he is deceiving us." Others said: "Give us permission (to go to our homes)." And some said: "O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to stand, so go back." [Surah al-Ahzab: 13] Ibn Ishaq named the first speaker as Mu'attib bin Qushayr and the second as Aws bin Qayzi.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ: ثنا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: " فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ الْبَلَاءُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: وَقَالَ رِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ يُخَذِّلُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " ثُمَّ غَزَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، فَشَهِدَهَا مَعَهُ مِنْهُمْ عَدَدٌ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِمَا حَكَى اللهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: {لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ} [المنافقون: ٨]، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا حَكَى اللهُ مِنْ نِفَاقِهِمْ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the trial became severe on him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions (then the full hadith of Musa bin Uqbah, mentioned at number 17861, is narrated), except that at the end it says that some people (who had withdrawn their support from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) said: O people of Yathrib, go back from here; there is no place for you to stay here. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of the hypocrites were also with him (peace and blessings be upon him) in the campaign of Banu al-Mustaliq, and they too said unseemly things, which Allah has related: "They say: If we return to Madinah, the more honourable will surely expel the more humble from it." [Surah al-Munafiqun: 8] Besides this, there are other verses in which Allah has described their hypocrisy.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيَّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، لَمَّا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ: لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا، وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ، أُخْبِرْتُ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ صَدَّقَكَ وَعَذَرَكَ، وَنَزَّلَ: {هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا} [المنافقون: ٧] الْآيَةَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ.
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When Abdullah bin Ubayy said, "Do not spend on the companions of the Messenger of Allah until they disperse," and likewise said, "If we return to Madinah, the more honourable will surely expel the more humble," I informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) of it. Then I came to him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah has confirmed your truthfulness and excused you." And the Qur'an was revealed: "They are the ones who say: Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that they disperse." [Surah al-Munafiqun: 7]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو، وَسَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ ⦗٥٦⦘ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَقُولُ: كُنَّا فِي غَزَاةٍ، وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: كُنَّا فِي جَيْشٍ فَكَسَعَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَا لَلْأَنْصَارِ، وَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ: يَا لَلْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا بَالُ دَعْوَى جَاهِلِيَّةٍ ". قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، كَسَعَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. فَقَالَ: " دَعُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُنْتِنَةٌ ". فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلُوهَا، أَمَا وَاللهِ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " دَعْهُ؛ لَا يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ ". قَالَ: وَكَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ كَثُرُوا بَعْدُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَجَمَاعَةٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " ثُمَّ غَزَا غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ، فَشَهِدَهَا مَعَهُ مِنْهُمْ قَوْمٌ نَفَرُوا بِهِ لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، فَوَقَاهُ اللهُ شَرَّهُمْ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي الْمَغَازِي.
Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: We were on a campaign when a man from the Muhajirun struck a man from the Ansar on his backside. The Ansari called out: O Ansar! (Come to help), and the Muhajir called out: O Muhajirun! (Come to help). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard this and said: "What is this call of the Jahiliyyah?" They said: O Messenger of Allah! A man from the Muhajirun struck a man from the Ansar on his backside. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave it, for it is a foul thing." Abdullah bin Ubayy heard this and said: Have they done that? By Allah, "If we return to Madinah, the more honourable will surely expel the more humble from it." [Surah al-Munafiqun: 8] This reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! Allow me to strike the neck of this hypocrite. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him, so that people do not say that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) kills his companions." When the Muhajirun came to Madinah, the Ansar were more numerous; later the Muhajirun became more numerous.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of the hypocrites also took part in the Tabuk campaign. On the night of al-Aqabah some people set out to kill him (peace and blessings be upon him), but Allah protected him (peace and blessings be upon him) from their evil.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its details are in the Maghazi.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of the hypocrites also took part in the Tabuk campaign. On the night of al-Aqabah some people set out to kill him (peace and blessings be upon him), but Allah protected him (peace and blessings be upon him) from their evil.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its details are in the Maghazi.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فِي قِصَّةِ تَبُوكَ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الثَّنِيَّةَ نَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ خُذُوا بَطْنَ الْوَادِي؛ فَهُوَ أَوْسَعُ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَخَذَ الثَّنِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ وَعَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُزَاحِمَهُ فِي الثَّنِيَّةِ أَحَدٌ، فَسَمِعَهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَتَخَلَّفُوا، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَهُ رَهْطٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِسَّ الْقَوْمِ خَلْفَهُ، فَقَالَ لِأَحَدِ صَاحِبَيْهِ: " اضْرِبْ وُجُوهَهُمْ ". فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ وَرَأَوَا الرَّجُلَ مُقْبِلًا نَحْوَهُمْ وَهُوَ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ انْحَدَرُوا جَمِيعًا وَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَضْرِبُ رَوَاحِلَهُمْ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ أَصْحَابُ أَحْمَدَ، وَهُمْ مُتَلَثِّمُونَ لَا يُرَى شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَعْيُنُهُمْ، فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُهُ بَعْدَ مَا انْحَدَرَ الْقَوْمُ، فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَرَفْتَ الرَّهْطَ؟ " فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللهِ يَا نَبِيَّ ⦗٥٧⦘ اللهِ، وَلَكِنْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ رَوَاحِلَهُمْ. فَانْحَدَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ، وَقَالَ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ: " هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ؟ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَزْحَمُونِي مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ فَيَطْرَحُونِي مِنْهَا ". فَقَالَا: أَفَلَا تَأْمُرُنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْكَ النَّاسُ؟ فَقَالَ: " أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ يَقْتُلُهُمْ ". وَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ.
Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said about the Tabuk campaign: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the thaniyyah (mountain pass), his crier announced: Take the middle of the valley; it is wider for you. He (peace and blessings be upon him) went onto the pass, and with him were Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman and Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with them both), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked that anyone should crowd him on the pass. When a group of the hypocrites heard this call, they held back; then a party of hypocrites followed him (peace and blessings be upon him). When he (peace and blessings be upon him) heard the sound of the people behind him, he said to one of his companions: "Strike their faces." When the hypocrites heard this and saw a man coming towards them, who was Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him), they all went down. He began striking their mounts, and they said: We are companions of Ahmad. They were masked, and only their eyes could be seen. When his companion came after the people had gone down, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Did you recognise the group?" He said: I did not recognise them, but I recognised their mounts. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came down from the pass and said to his companions: "Do you know what these people wanted? They wanted to crowd me on the pass so that they could throw me down from it." His companions said: Will you not order us to strike their necks when they come to you? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I dislike that people should say that Muhammad kills his companions."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، قَالَ: " وَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَافِلًا مِنْ تَبُوكَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ مَكَرَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَتَآمَرُوا أَنْ يَطْرَحُوهُ مِنْ عَقَبَةٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ ". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ بِمَعْنَى ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ.
Urwah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was returning from the Tabuk campaign, some people plotted against him on the way and agreed among themselves to throw him down from a mountain pass (aqabah) on the road. Then he related the story with the same meaning as Ibn Ishaq.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَا: ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ جُمَيْعٍ، ثنا أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ، قَالَ: كَانَ بَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَقَبَةِ وَبَيْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ بَعْضُ مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللهِ كَمْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُ الْعَقَبَةِ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقَوْمُ: أَخْبِرْهُ إِذْ سَأَلَكَ. قَالَ: كُنَّا نُخْبَرُ أَنَّهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَقَدْ كَانَ الْقَوْمُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، وَأَشْهَدُ بِاللهِ أَنَّ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِنْهُمْ حَرْبٌ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْأَشْهَادُ وَعُذِرَ ثَلَاثَةٌ. قَالُوا: مَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَا عَلِمْنَا مَا أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي حَرَّةٍ فَمَشَى، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ الْمَاءَ قَلِيلٌ فَلَا يَسْبِقْنِي إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ. فَوَجَدَ قَوْمًا قَدْ سَبَقُوهُ، فَلَعَنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " وَتَخَلَّفَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ فِيمَنْ بِحَضْرَتِهِ، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ غَزَاةَ تَبُوكَ، أَوْ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْهَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: {وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَكِنْ كَرِهَ اللهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ} [التوبة: ٤٦]، قَرَأَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ} [التوبة: ٥٠] ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ".
Sayyiduna Abu al-Tufayl (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There was some friction between a man from the people of al-Aqabah and Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him), of the kind that happens between people. The man said: I ask you by Allah, how many were the people of al-Aqabah? The people said to Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him): Tell him, since he has asked. He said: We used to be told that they were fourteen; if you were among them, then they were fifteen. I bear witness by Allah that twelve of them are at war with Allah and His Messenger in the life of this world and on the Day the witnesses stand, and three were excused. They had said: We did not hear the crier of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), nor did we know what the people intended. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had been in a stony tract (harrah), and he walked on and said: "The water is little, so let no one get to it before me." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) found that some people had got there before him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) cursed them that day.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of those present stayed behind; then, during the Tabuk campaign or on the return from it, Allah Almighty revealed news about them, and he recited these verses: "And if they had intended to go out, they would surely have made some preparation for it, but Allah disliked their setting out" [Surah al-Tawbah: 46], reading up to: "and they turn away while they are rejoicing." [Surah al-Tawbah: 50]
The Shaykh said: This is explained in the Maghazi.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of those present stayed behind; then, during the Tabuk campaign or on the return from it, Allah Almighty revealed news about them, and he recited these verses: "And if they had intended to go out, they would surely have made some preparation for it, but Allah disliked their setting out" [Surah al-Tawbah: 46], reading up to: "and they turn away while they are rejoicing." [Surah al-Tawbah: 50]
The Shaykh said: This is explained in the Maghazi.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَجَهَّزَ غَازِيًا يُرِيدُ الشَّامَ، فَأَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْخُرُوجِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ فِي قَيْظٍ شَدِيدٍ فِي لَيَالِي الْخَرِيفِ، فَأَبْطَأَ عَنْهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَهَابُوا الرُّومَ، فَخَرَجَ أَهْلُ الْحِسْبَةِ وَتَخَلَّفَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، وَحَدَّثُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا ⦗٥٨⦘ يَرْجِعُ أَبَدًا وَثَبَّطُوا عَنْهُ مَنْ أَطَاعَهُمْ، وَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَمْرٍ كَانَ لَهُمْ فِيهِ عُذْرٌ، فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ، قَالَ: وَأَتَاهُ جَدُّ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ائْذَنْ لِي فِي الْقُعُودِ فَإِنِّي ذُو ضَيْعَةٍ وَعْلَةٍ بِهَا عُذْرٌ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " تَجَهَّزْ فَإِنَّكَ مُوسِرٌ لَعَلَّكَ تُحْقِبُ بَعْضَ بَنَاتِ الْأَصْفَرِ ". فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي بِبَنَاتِ الْأَصْفَرِ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِ وَفِي أَصْحَابِهِ: {وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ} [التوبة: ٤٩]، عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ يَتْبَعُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا، وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ مَعَهُ، وَكَانَ فِيمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ ابْنُ عَنَمَةَ أَوْ عَنْمَةَ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا خَلَّفَكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: الْخَوْضُ وَاللَّعِبُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِ وَفِيمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ: {وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ قُلْ أَبِاللهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ}، ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ ".
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prepared an army for Syria. When he ordered the people to set out, the weather was very hot, and it was the nights of autumn. Many people were sluggish and were afraid of the Romans. Those who hoped for reward set out. The hypocrites stayed behind and said to themselves that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would never return, and they held back those who obeyed them from going with him (peace and blessings be upon him); and some Muslims also stayed behind for reasons that excused them. Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Jadd bin Qays came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in the mosque with his companions. He said: O Messenger of Allah! Permit me to stay behind; I am a landowner and there are other reasons as well that excuse me. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Get ready, for you are a wealthy man; perhaps you will take some of the daughters of the Romans riding behind you." He said: O Messenger of Allah! Give me permission, and do not put me to trial through the daughters of the Romans. So Allah revealed this verse about them: "And among them is he who says: Permit me and do not put me to trial. Surely, they have fallen into trial, and indeed Hell will encompass the disbelievers." [Surah al-Tawbah: 49] The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the believers set out, and among those who stayed behind was Ibn Anamah, or Anamah, of Banu Amr bin Awf. When he was asked why he had stayed behind, he said: For idle talk and amusement. So Allah revealed a verse concerning him and the hypocrites: "And if you ask them, they will surely say: We were only talking idly and playing. Say: Was it Allah, His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?" [Surah al-Tawbah: 65]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ كَعْبٍ قَائِدَ كَعْبٍ حِينَ عَمِيَ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حَدِيثَهُ حِينَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، قَالَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: لَمْ أَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا قَطُّ إِلَّا فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، غَيْرَ أَنِّي تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْ غَزْوَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَلَمْ يُعَاتِبِ اللهُ أَحَدًا حِينَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهَا، إِنَّمَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُرِيدُ عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى جَمَعَ اللهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ عَدُوِّهِمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ مِيعَادٍ، وَلَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي بِهَا مَشْهَدَ بَدْرٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَذْكَرَ فِي النَّاسِ مِنْهَا، كَانَ مِنْ خَبَرِي حِينَ تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ قَطُّ أَقْوَى وَلَا أَيْسَرَ مِنِّي حِينَ تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ، وَاللهِ مَا اجْتَمَعَتْ عِنْدِي قَبْلَهَا رَاحِلَتَانِ قَطُّ حَتَّى جَمَعْتُهُمَا تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُرِيدُ غَزْوَةً يَغْزُوهَا إِلَّا وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا حَتَّى كَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةُ، غَزَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ، وَاسْتَقْبَلَ سَفَرًا بَعِيدًا وَمَفَازًا وَعَدُوًّا كَثِيرًا، فَجَلَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمْرَهُمْ لِيَتَأَهَّبُوا أُهْبَةَ عَدُوِّهِمْ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِوَجْهِهِ الَّذِي يُرِيدُهُ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَثِيرٌ لَا يَجْمَعُهُمْ كِتَابٌ حَافِظٌ - يُرِيدُ الدِّيوَانَ. قَالَ كَعْبٌ: فَمَا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَغَيَّبَ إِلَّا ظَنَّ أَنْ سَيُخْفَى لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ فِيهِ وَحْيٌ مِنَ اللهِ، وَغَزَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةَ حِينَ طَابَتِ الثِّمَارُ وَالظِّلَالُ، فَتَجَهَّزَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَهُ وَطَفِقْتُ أَغْدُو لِكَيْ أَتَجَهَّزَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَمْ أَقْضِ شَيْئًا، وَأَقُولُ فِي نَفْسِي إِنِّي قَادِرٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذَا أَرَدْتُهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَمَادَى بِي حَتَّى اسْتَجَدَّ بِالنَّاسِ الْجِدُّ، فَأَصْبَحَ ⦗٥٩⦘ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَهُ وَلَمْ أَقْضِ مِنْ جَهَازِي شَيْئًا، فَقُلْتُ: أَتَجَهَّزُ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُهُمْ، فَغَدَوْتُ بَعْدَ أَنْ فَصَلُوا لِأَتَجَهَّزَ فَرَجَعْتُ، وَلَمْ أَقْضِ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ غَدَوْتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ وَلَمْ أَقْضِ شَيْئًا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ يَتَمَادَى بِي حَتَّى أَسْرَعُوا وَتَفَارَطَ الْغَزْوُ، وَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَرْتَحِلَ فَأُدْرِكَهُمْ وَلَيْتَنِي فَعَلْتُ، فَلَمْ يُقَدَّرْ لِي ذَلِكَ، فَكُنْتُ إِذَا خَرَجْتُ فِي النَّاسِ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَطُفْتُ فِيهِمْ أَحْزَنَنِي أَنِّي لَا أَرَى إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَغْمُوصًا فِي النِّفَاقِ، أَوْ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ عَذَرَ اللهُ مِنَ الضُّعَفَاءِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ تَبُوكَ، قَالَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْقَوْمِ بِتَبُوكَ: " مَا فَعَلَ كَعْبٌ؟ ". فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، حَبَسَهُ بُرْدَاهُ يَنْظُرُ فِي عِطْفَيْهِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ: بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتَ، وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا إِلَّا خَيْرًا. فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ كَعْبٌ: فَلَمَّا بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ تَوَجَّهَ قَافِلًا مِنْ تَبُوكَ حَضَرَنِي هَمِّي وَطَفِقْتُ أَتَذَكَّرُ الْكَذِبَ، وَأَقُولُ بِمَاذَا أَخْرُجُ مِنْ سَخَطِهِ غَدًا وَأَسْتَعِينُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِكُلِّ ذِي رَأْيٍ مِنْ أَهْلِي، فَلَمَّا قِيلَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَظَلَّ قَادِمًا زَاحَ عَنِّي الْبَاطِلُ وَعَرَفْتُ أَنِّي لَا أَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ أَبَدًا بِشَيْءٍ فِيهِ كَذِبٌ، فَأَجْمَعْتُ صِدْقَهُ، وَأَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَادِمًا، وَكَانَ إِذَا قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ بَدَأَ بِالْمَسْجِدِ فَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لِلنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ جَاءَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ فَطَفِقُوا يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ، وَكَانُوا بَضْعَةً وَثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا، فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَانِيَتَهُمْ، وَبَايَعَهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمْ، وَيَكِلُ سَرَائِرَهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَجِئْتُهُ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ تَبَسَّمَ تَبَسُّمَ الْمُغْضَبِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " تَعَالَ". فَجِئْتُ أَمْشِي حَتَّى جَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: " مَا خَلَّفَكَ؟ أَلَمْ تَكُنِ ابْتَعْتَ ظَهْرَكَ؟ ". فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي وَاللهِ لَوْ جَلَسْتُ عِنْدَ غَيْرِكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا لَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ سَأَخْرُجُ مِنْ سَخَطِهِ بِعُذْرٍ، فَإِنِّي أُعْطِيتُ جَدَلًا، وَلَكِنْ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لَئِنْ حَدَّثْتُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَدِيثًا كَاذِبًا تَرْضَى بِهِ عَنِّي لَيُوشِكَنَّ اللهُ أَنْ يَسْخَطَكَ عَلَيَّ، وَلَئِنْ حَدَّثْتُكَ حَدِيثَ صِدْقٍ تَجِدُ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو عَفْوَ اللهِ، لَا وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ بِي عُذْرٌ، وَاللهِ مَا كُنْتُ قَطُّ أَقْوَى وَلَا أَيْسَرَ مِنِّي حِينَ تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْكَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ صَدَقَ، قُمْ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللهُ فِيكَ". فَقُمْتُ وَسَارَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالُوا: يَا كَعْبُ، وَاللهِ مَا عَلِمْنَاكَ كُنْتَ أَذْنَبْتَ ذَنْبًا قَبْلَ هَذَا، عَجَزْتَ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ اعْتَذَرْتَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ، قَدْ كَانَ كَافِيَكَ ذَنْبَكَ اسْتِغْفَارُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَكَ. فَوَاللهِ مَا زَالُوا يُؤَنِّبُونِي حَتَّى أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَرْجِعَ فَأُكَذِّبَ نَفْسِي، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: هَلْ لَقِيَ هَذَا مَعِي أَحَدٌ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، رَجُلَانِ قَالَا مِثْلَ مَا قُلْتَ وَقِيلَ لَهُمَا مِثْلُ مَا قِيلَ لَكَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هُمَا؟ قَالُوا: مُرَارَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، وَهِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الْوَاقِفِيُّ، فَذَكَرُوا لِي رَجُلَيْنِ صَالِحَيْنِ قَدْ شَهِدَا بَدْرًا فِيهِمَا أُسْوَةٌ، فَمَضَيْتُ حِينَ ذَكَرُوهُمَا، وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ كَلَامِنَا الثَّلَاثَةَ مِنْ بَيْنِ مَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ، فَاجْتَنَبَنَا النَّاسُ وَتَغَيَّرُوا لَنَا حَتَّى تَنَكَّرَتْ فِي نَفْسِي⦗٦٠⦘ الْأَرْضُ، فَمَا هِيَ الَّتِي أَعْرِفُ، فَلَبِثْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَأَمَّا صَاحِبَايَ فَاسْتَكَانَا وَقَعَدَا فِي بُيُوتِهِمَا، وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَكُنْتُ أَشَبَّ الْقَوْمِ وَأَجْلَدَهُمْ، وَكُنْتُ أَخْرُجُ فَأَشْهَدُ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَطُوفُ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ لَا يُكَلِّمُنِي أَحَدٌ، وَآتِي رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَقُولُ فِي نَفْسِي هَلْ حَرَّكَ شَفَتَيْهِ بِرَدِّ السَّلَامِ عَلَيَّ أَمْ لَا؟ ثُمَّ أُصَلِّي فَأُسَارِقُهُ النَّظَرَ، فَإِذَا أَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى صَلَاتِي نَظَرَ إِلِيَّ، فَإِذَا الْتَفَتُّ نَحْوَهُ أَعْرَضَ عَنِّي حَتَّى إِذَا طَالَ عَلَيَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ جَفْوَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَسَوَّرْتُ جِدَارَ حَائِطِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي وَأَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَاللهِ مَا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ هَلْ تَعْلَمُنِي أُحِبُّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ؟ قَالَ: فَسَكَتَ، فَعُدْتُ لَهُ فَنَشَدْتُهُ، فَسَكَتَ. قَالَ: فَعُدْتُ لَهُ فَنَاشَدْتُهُ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَقَالَ: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَايَ وَتَوَلَّيْتُ حَتَّى تَسَوَّرْتُ الْجِدَارَ. قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي بِسُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ إِذَا نَبَطِيٌّ مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ مِمَّنْ قَدِمَ بِالطَّعَامِ يَبِيعُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَقُولُ: مَنْ يَدُلُّ عَلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ؟ فَطَفِقَ النَّاسُ يُشِيرُونَ لَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَنِي دَفَعَ إِلِيَّ كِتَابًا مِنْ مَلِكِ غَسَّانَ، وَكُنْتُ كَاتِبًا، فَإِذَا فِيهِ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ صَاحِبَكَ قَدْ جَفَاكَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْكَ اللهُ بِدَارِ هَوَانٍ وَلَا مَضْيَعَةٍ، فَالْحَقْ بِنَا نُوَاسِكَ. فَقُلْتُ حِينَ قَرَأْتُهَا: وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ، فَيَمَّمْتُ بِهِ التَّنُّورَ، فَسَجَرْتُهُ بِهَا، حَتَّى إِذَا مَضَتْ لَنَا أَرْبَعُونَ لَيْلَةً مِنَ الْخَمْسِينَ إِذَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَعْتَزِلَ امْرَأَتَكَ. فَقُلْتُ: أُطَلِّقُهَا أَمْ مَاذَا أَفْعَلُ بِهَا؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، بَلِ اعْتَزِلْهَا فَلَا تَقْرَبَنَّهَا. وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى صَاحِبِيَّ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَقُلْتُ لِامْرَأَتِي: الْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ فَكُونِي عِنْدَهُمْ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ. قَالَ كَعْبٌ: فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ هِلَالَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ شَيْخٌ ضَائِعٌ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ خَادِمٌ، فَهَلْ تَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَخْدُمَهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَقْرَبَنَّكِ. قَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ وَاللهِ مَا بِهِ حَرَكَةٌ إِلَى شَيْءٍ، وَإِنَّهُ مَا زَالَ يَبْكِي مُذْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا كَانَ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا. فَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِي: لَوِ اسْتَأْذَنْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي امْرَأَتِكَ كَمَا أَذِنَ لِهِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ تَخْدُمُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللهِ لَا أَسْتَأَذِنُ فِيهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمَا يُدْرِينِي مَا يَقُولُ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنِ اسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فِيهَا، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ؟ فَلَبِثْتُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَشْرَ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى كَمَلَتْ لَنَا خَمْسُونَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ حِينِ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ كَلَامِنَا، فَلَمَّا صَلَّيْتُ الْفَجْرَ صُبْحَ خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَنَا عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ بُيُوتِنَا، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عَلَى الْحَالِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ مِنَّا، قَدْ ضَاقَتْ عَلَيَّ نَفْسِي، وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيَّ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ، سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَ صَارِخٍ أَوْفَى عَلَى جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ: يَا كَعْبُ بْنَ مَالِكٍ أَبْشِرْ. فَخَرَرْتُ سَاجِدًا، وَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ الْفَرَجُ، وَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَوْبَةِ اللهِ عَلَيْنَا حِينَ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ، فَذَهَبَ النَّاسُ يُبَشِّرُونَنِي، وَذَهَبَ⦗٦١⦘ قِبَلَ صَاحِبِيَّ مُبَشِّرُونَ، وَرَكَضَ رَجُلٌ إِلِيَّ فَرَسًا، وَسَعَى سَاعٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأَوْفَى عَلَى الْجَبَلِ، وَكَانَ الصَّوْتُ أَسْرَعَ إِلِيَّ مِنَ الْفَرَسِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَنِي الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَهُ يُبَشِّرُنِي نَزَعْتُ ثَوْبِيَّ فَكَسَوْتُهُمَا إِيَّاهُ بِبُشْرَاهُ، وَوَاللهِ مَا أَمْلِكُ غَيْرَهُمَا يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَاسْتَعَرْتُ ثَوْبَيْنِ فَلَبِسْتُهُمَا وَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَلَقَّانِي النَّاسُ فَوْجًا فَوْجًا يُهَنِّئُونَنِي بِالتَّوْبَةِ، يَقُولُونَ: لِيَهْنِكَ تَوْبَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْكَ حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَقَامَ إِلِيَّ طَلْحَةُ بَنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ يُهَرْوِلُ حَتَّى صَافَحَنِي وَهَنَّأَنِي، مَا قَامَ إِلِيَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ غَيْرُهُ، وَلَا أَنْسَاهَا لِطَلْحَةَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَبْرُقُ وَجْهُهُ مِنَ السُّرُورِ: " أَبْشِرْ بِخَيْرِ يَوْمٍ مَرَّ عَلَيْكَ مُذْ وَلَدَتْكَ أُمُّكَ". قُلْتُ: أَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، بَلْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى". وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بَشَّرَ بِبِشَارَةٍ يَبْرُقُ وَجْهُهُ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ قِطْعَةُ قَمَرٍ، وَكُنَّا نَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ أَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَةً إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِلَى الرَّسُولِ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ بَعْضَ مَالِكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ". فَقُلْتُ: فَإِنِّي أُمْسِكُ سَهْمِي الَّذِي بِخَيْبَرَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّمَا نَجَّانِي الصِّدْقُ، وَإِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ لَا أُحَدِّثَ إِلَّا صِدْقًا مَا بَقِيتُ، فَوَاللهِ مَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ابْتَلَاهُ اللهُ فِي صِدْقِ الْحَدِيثِ مُذْ حَدَّثْتُ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحْسَنَ مِمَّا ابْتَلَانِي، مَا تَعَمَّدْتُ مُذْ ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا كَذِبًا، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَحْفَظَنِي اللهُ فِيمَا بَقِيَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ: {لَقَدْ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ لَا مَلْجَأَ مِنَ اللهِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوبُوا إِنَّ اللهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ}، فَوَاللهِ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ هَدَانِي لِلْإِسْلَامِ أَعْظَمَ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ صِدْقِي رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَنْ لَا أَكُونَ كَذَبْتُهُ؛ فَأَهْلِكَ كَمَا هَلَكَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوهُ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ لِلَّذِينَ كَذَبُوهُ حِينَ نَزَلَ الْوَحْيُ شَرَّ مَا قَالَ لِأَحَدٍ، قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ، يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ} [التوبة: ٩٦]. قَالَ كَعْبٌ: وَكُنَّا تَخَلَّفْنَا أَيُّهَا الثَّلَاثَةُ عَنْ أَمْرِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ قَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ حَلَفُوا لَهُ، فَبَايَعَهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمْ، وَأَرْجَأَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمْرَنَا حَتَّى قَضَى اللهُ فِيهِ، فَبِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا} [التوبة: ١١٨]، وَلَيْسَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ تَخَلُّفُنَا عَنِ الْغَزْوِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَخْلِيفُهُ إِيَّانَا وَإِرْجَاؤُهُ أَمْرَنَا مِمَّنْ حَلَفَ وَاعْتَذَرَ، فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
The guide of Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) (who led him about because he had become blind) said: I heard Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrating the story of his staying behind from the Tabuk campaign. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I never stayed behind from any campaign except the Tabuk campaign, and (I had also stayed behind from) the Badr campaign, but in that Allah had not reproached anyone who stayed behind, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had set out intending the caravan of Quraysh, not fighting, until Allah brought them face to face with the enemy without any appointment. I was present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the pledge of al-Aqabah, when we made a covenant on Islam. My presence at it is dearer to me than being present at Badr, even though Badr is more famous among people than the pledge of al-Aqabah. My story is this: when I stayed behind from the Tabuk campaign, I had never been stronger or better off than I was then. By Allah, I had never before had two mounts together, whereas at the time of this campaign I had two mounts. Before this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not speak plainly about campaigns (in order to keep them hidden) but would allude to something else; this time, however, he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them plainly, because the weather was harsh, he (peace and blessings be upon him) was setting out on a long journey, and the enemy was very numerous. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) made the matter clear to the Muslims so that they could prepare according to the enemy's preparations, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them the direction in which he was heading. The Muslims were also very many, while there was no (written) register of attendance."
Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Any man who wished to be absent could only suppose that his staying behind would remain hidden as long as no revelation came down about him."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) undertook this campaign when the fruits had ripened and the shade had become pleasant. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims got ready. I too would set out in the morning to make preparations so that I could go with him (peace and blessings be upon him), but I would not settle anything. I would say to myself: I will get ready whenever I wish. I kept putting it off until the people had earnestly prepared to march. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims set off early in the morning, and I had still not settled anything. I said to myself: I will go in a day or two and catch up with them. Then I set out in the morning to make preparations, but came back again without settling anything. Mornings and evenings passed and I kept delaying, until the army had hurried far ahead and the time of fighting drew near. I intended to set off and catch up with them, and I wish I had done so! But it was not decreed for me. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had left, whenever I went out among the people, it grieved me that I saw only those suspected of hypocrisy or those weak people whom Allah had excused. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not think of me until he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Tabuk. Then, while sitting among the people at Tabuk, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What has happened to Ka'b?" A man from Banu Salimah said: O Messenger of Allah! His two cloaks have held him back, and he kept admiring himself, looking at his sides.
Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: What an evil thing you have said! By Allah, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we know nothing but good about him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent.
Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the news reached me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on his way back, my mind began to search for false excuses. I said to myself: How will I escape his (peace and blessings be upon him) anger? And I consulted the sensible people of my household about this. When it was said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would arrive in the morning, the thought of lying left me, and I knew that I would never escape through a false statement, so I firmly resolved to hold fast to the truth.
He (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in the morning, and it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed habit that when he returned from a journey, he would first pray two rak'ahs in the mosque. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had done so, those who had stayed behind came, presented their excuses and began swearing oaths. They were some eighty-odd men. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted their outward excuses, took their pledge, sought forgiveness for them and left their inner selves to Allah. I came and greeted him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled the smile of an angry man and said: "Come." I walked over and sat in front of him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What held you back? Had you not bought a mount?" I said: Yes indeed, O Messenger of Allah! By Allah, had I been sitting before any worldly person other than you, I would surely have escaped his anger by fabricating some excuse, for I have been given skill in argument. But by Allah, I know that if today I please you (peace and blessings be upon him) with a false statement, Allah Almighty will soon make you (peace and blessings be upon him) angry with me; and if I tell you (peace and blessings be upon him) the truth, then even though you (peace and blessings be upon him) will be angry with me for it, I hope for a good outcome from Allah. By Allah, I had no excuse; I was never as strong and well off as I was when I stayed behind from you (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has spoken the truth. So get up until Allah decides concerning you."
I stood up, and some people of Banu Salimah followed me and said: By Allah, we do not know of you having committed any sin before this. Why were you unable to present some excuse to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) like the other people who stayed behind presented? The seeking of forgiveness by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would have been enough for the forgiveness of your sin. They kept blaming me until I resolved to go back and belie myself. Then I asked them: Has anyone else met with the same as me? They said: Yes, two other men said the same as you said, and they were given the same reply as you were given. I asked: Who are they? They said: Murarah bin al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). They named two righteous men who had taken part in Badr, in whom there was an example for me to follow. So when they were mentioned, I held firm to my position. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade (people) to speak to only the three of us among those who had stayed behind. So people avoided us and their attitude towards us changed, until even the earth felt strange to me, as if it were not the land I knew. We spent fifty nights in this state. My two companions lost heart and sat in their houses weeping, while I was the youngest and hardiest of them. I would go out for the prayer and walk around the markets with the Muslims, but no one would speak to me. I would come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in his gathering after the prayer, and I would greet him and say to myself: Did he (peace and blessings be upon him) move his lips to return the greeting or not? Then I would pray near him (peace and blessings be upon him) and steal glances at him (peace and blessings be upon him). When I turned to my prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would look at me, and when I looked towards him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) would turn his blessed face away from me. When this coldness of the Muslims had gone on for a long time, I climbed over the wall of the garden of Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was my cousin and the dearest of people to me. I greeted him, and by Allah, he did not even return my greeting. I said: O Abu Qatadah! I ask you by Allah, do you not know that I love Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)? He remained silent. I asked him again by Allah, and he remained silent again. I asked a third time, and he only said: Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) know best. At this my eyes overflowed with tears. I turned back and climbed over the wall again. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was walking in the market of Madinah when suddenly I came across one of the farmers of Syria who had come to Madinah to sell his grain. He was asking: Where is Ka'b bin Malik? People began pointing towards me. He came to me and handed me a letter from the king of Ghassan, since I knew how to read and write. I read it, and in it was written: "To proceed: We have learned that your companion (peace and blessings be upon him) has treated you harshly. Allah has not created you to live in a house of disgrace or to be wasted, so come to us and we will honour you." When I read it, I said: This too is a trial. Then I headed for an oven and threw the letter into it.
When forty of the fifty days had passed, suddenly the messenger of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has ordered that you keep away from your wife. I asked: Should I divorce her, or what should I do? He said: No, rather keep away from her and do not go near her. The same order was sent to my two other companions as well. I said to my wife: Go to your parents' home and stay there until Allah decides this matter. The wife of Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Hilal bin Umayyah is a very old and weak man and has no servant; would you (peace and blessings be upon him) dislike it if I served him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No (you may serve him), but he must not come near you." She said: By Allah, he has no inclination towards anything; by Allah, ever since this matter happened, he has been weeping continuously until today. My family said to me: If only you too had sought permission from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning your wife, as Hilal bin Umayyah's wife has been given permission. I said: By Allah, I will never ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for permission in this matter; I do not know what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would say, as I am a young man.
We remained in this state until fifty nights were completed. On the fiftieth night I prayed the Fajr prayer on the roof of my house. I was sitting in the very state that Allah has mentioned: my soul had become constricted for me and the earth, despite its vastness, had become narrow for me, when suddenly I heard the voice of a caller from the top of Mount Sal' crying out at the top of his voice: O Ka'b bin Malik! Receive glad tidings! As soon as I heard this, I fell down in prostration and knew that relief had come from Allah. After the Fajr prayer, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had informed the people that our repentance had been accepted, so people rushed to give us the good news. Bearers of good news also went to my two companions, and a man galloped his horse towards me, while a man from the tribe of Aslam climbed the mountain and called out, and his voice reached me faster than the horse. When the man whose voice of good news I had heard came to me, I took off both my garments and put them on him as a reward for his good news, although, by Allah, I owned no other clothes that day. I borrowed two garments, put them on and set out for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). People met me in crowds, congratulating me on the acceptance of my repentance and saying: Congratulations on Allah's acceptance of your repentance. When I entered the mosque, I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting with people around him (peace and blessings be upon him). Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and hurried towards me, shook my hand and congratulated me. By Allah, no one from the Muhajirun stood up except him, and Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) never forgot this kindness of Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, while his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed face was shining with joy: "O Ka'b! Receive glad tidings of the best day that has passed over you since your mother gave birth to you." I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Is this from you or from Allah? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, rather it is from Allah Almighty." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was pleased, his (peace and blessings be upon him) radiant face would shine as if it were a piece of the moon, and this was seen on his (peace and blessings be upon him) face. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When I sat in front of him (peace and blessings be upon him), I said: As thanks for the acceptance of my repentance, I give all my wealth in charity for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth for yourself; that is better for you." I said: I will keep my share of Khaybar. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Allah has saved me because of truthfulness, and part of my repentance is that as long as I live I will never tell a lie. By Allah, since I made this pledge to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I do not know of any Muslim whom Allah has blessed for speaking the truth better than He has blessed me. Since that day I have never deliberately intended to tell a lie, and I hope that Allah Almighty will protect me from it for the rest of my life as well. Allah Almighty revealed these verses to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "Allah has certainly turned in mercy to the Prophet and the Muhajirun and the Ansar who followed him in the hour of hardship, after the hearts of a party of them had almost swerved; then He turned to them in mercy. Indeed, He is to them Most Kind, Most Merciful. And (He turned in mercy) to the three who were left behind, until, when the earth, despite its vastness, became narrow for them and their own souls became constricted for them, and they were certain that there is no refuge from Allah except in Him, then He turned to them in mercy so that they might repent. Indeed, Allah is the Accepter of repentance, the Most Merciful. O you who believe, fear Allah and be with the truthful." [Surah al-Tawbah: 117-119] By Allah, after being guided to Islam, no blessing is dearer to me than the truthfulness I showed before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), lest I lie and perish as the liars perished. Through revelation, Allah Almighty said about the liars something harsher than He said about anyone. Allah Almighty says: "They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them, so that you may turn away from them. So turn away from them; indeed they are filth, and their refuge is Hell as a recompense for what they used to earn. They swear to you so that you may be pleased with them, but if you are pleased with them, indeed Allah is not pleased with the defiantly disobedient people." [Surah al-Tawbah: 95-96] Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The matter of the three of us had been deferred from the matter of those whose oaths the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had accepted, whose pledge he had taken and for whom he had sought forgiveness, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left our matter pending until Allah Himself decided it. Concerning this, Allah Almighty said: "And (also) to the three whose matter was deferred." [Surah al-Tawbah: 118] Here "khullifu" does not mean staying behind from the campaign; rather, it means the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) deferring our matter, in contrast to those who swore oaths and offered excuses and he (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted them.
Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Any man who wished to be absent could only suppose that his staying behind would remain hidden as long as no revelation came down about him."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) undertook this campaign when the fruits had ripened and the shade had become pleasant. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims got ready. I too would set out in the morning to make preparations so that I could go with him (peace and blessings be upon him), but I would not settle anything. I would say to myself: I will get ready whenever I wish. I kept putting it off until the people had earnestly prepared to march. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims set off early in the morning, and I had still not settled anything. I said to myself: I will go in a day or two and catch up with them. Then I set out in the morning to make preparations, but came back again without settling anything. Mornings and evenings passed and I kept delaying, until the army had hurried far ahead and the time of fighting drew near. I intended to set off and catch up with them, and I wish I had done so! But it was not decreed for me. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had left, whenever I went out among the people, it grieved me that I saw only those suspected of hypocrisy or those weak people whom Allah had excused. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not think of me until he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Tabuk. Then, while sitting among the people at Tabuk, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What has happened to Ka'b?" A man from Banu Salimah said: O Messenger of Allah! His two cloaks have held him back, and he kept admiring himself, looking at his sides.
Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: What an evil thing you have said! By Allah, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we know nothing but good about him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent.
Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the news reached me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on his way back, my mind began to search for false excuses. I said to myself: How will I escape his (peace and blessings be upon him) anger? And I consulted the sensible people of my household about this. When it was said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would arrive in the morning, the thought of lying left me, and I knew that I would never escape through a false statement, so I firmly resolved to hold fast to the truth.
He (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in the morning, and it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed habit that when he returned from a journey, he would first pray two rak'ahs in the mosque. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had done so, those who had stayed behind came, presented their excuses and began swearing oaths. They were some eighty-odd men. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted their outward excuses, took their pledge, sought forgiveness for them and left their inner selves to Allah. I came and greeted him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled the smile of an angry man and said: "Come." I walked over and sat in front of him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What held you back? Had you not bought a mount?" I said: Yes indeed, O Messenger of Allah! By Allah, had I been sitting before any worldly person other than you, I would surely have escaped his anger by fabricating some excuse, for I have been given skill in argument. But by Allah, I know that if today I please you (peace and blessings be upon him) with a false statement, Allah Almighty will soon make you (peace and blessings be upon him) angry with me; and if I tell you (peace and blessings be upon him) the truth, then even though you (peace and blessings be upon him) will be angry with me for it, I hope for a good outcome from Allah. By Allah, I had no excuse; I was never as strong and well off as I was when I stayed behind from you (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has spoken the truth. So get up until Allah decides concerning you."
I stood up, and some people of Banu Salimah followed me and said: By Allah, we do not know of you having committed any sin before this. Why were you unable to present some excuse to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) like the other people who stayed behind presented? The seeking of forgiveness by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would have been enough for the forgiveness of your sin. They kept blaming me until I resolved to go back and belie myself. Then I asked them: Has anyone else met with the same as me? They said: Yes, two other men said the same as you said, and they were given the same reply as you were given. I asked: Who are they? They said: Murarah bin al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). They named two righteous men who had taken part in Badr, in whom there was an example for me to follow. So when they were mentioned, I held firm to my position. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade (people) to speak to only the three of us among those who had stayed behind. So people avoided us and their attitude towards us changed, until even the earth felt strange to me, as if it were not the land I knew. We spent fifty nights in this state. My two companions lost heart and sat in their houses weeping, while I was the youngest and hardiest of them. I would go out for the prayer and walk around the markets with the Muslims, but no one would speak to me. I would come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in his gathering after the prayer, and I would greet him and say to myself: Did he (peace and blessings be upon him) move his lips to return the greeting or not? Then I would pray near him (peace and blessings be upon him) and steal glances at him (peace and blessings be upon him). When I turned to my prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would look at me, and when I looked towards him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) would turn his blessed face away from me. When this coldness of the Muslims had gone on for a long time, I climbed over the wall of the garden of Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was my cousin and the dearest of people to me. I greeted him, and by Allah, he did not even return my greeting. I said: O Abu Qatadah! I ask you by Allah, do you not know that I love Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)? He remained silent. I asked him again by Allah, and he remained silent again. I asked a third time, and he only said: Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) know best. At this my eyes overflowed with tears. I turned back and climbed over the wall again. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was walking in the market of Madinah when suddenly I came across one of the farmers of Syria who had come to Madinah to sell his grain. He was asking: Where is Ka'b bin Malik? People began pointing towards me. He came to me and handed me a letter from the king of Ghassan, since I knew how to read and write. I read it, and in it was written: "To proceed: We have learned that your companion (peace and blessings be upon him) has treated you harshly. Allah has not created you to live in a house of disgrace or to be wasted, so come to us and we will honour you." When I read it, I said: This too is a trial. Then I headed for an oven and threw the letter into it.
When forty of the fifty days had passed, suddenly the messenger of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has ordered that you keep away from your wife. I asked: Should I divorce her, or what should I do? He said: No, rather keep away from her and do not go near her. The same order was sent to my two other companions as well. I said to my wife: Go to your parents' home and stay there until Allah decides this matter. The wife of Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Hilal bin Umayyah is a very old and weak man and has no servant; would you (peace and blessings be upon him) dislike it if I served him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No (you may serve him), but he must not come near you." She said: By Allah, he has no inclination towards anything; by Allah, ever since this matter happened, he has been weeping continuously until today. My family said to me: If only you too had sought permission from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning your wife, as Hilal bin Umayyah's wife has been given permission. I said: By Allah, I will never ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for permission in this matter; I do not know what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would say, as I am a young man.
We remained in this state until fifty nights were completed. On the fiftieth night I prayed the Fajr prayer on the roof of my house. I was sitting in the very state that Allah has mentioned: my soul had become constricted for me and the earth, despite its vastness, had become narrow for me, when suddenly I heard the voice of a caller from the top of Mount Sal' crying out at the top of his voice: O Ka'b bin Malik! Receive glad tidings! As soon as I heard this, I fell down in prostration and knew that relief had come from Allah. After the Fajr prayer, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had informed the people that our repentance had been accepted, so people rushed to give us the good news. Bearers of good news also went to my two companions, and a man galloped his horse towards me, while a man from the tribe of Aslam climbed the mountain and called out, and his voice reached me faster than the horse. When the man whose voice of good news I had heard came to me, I took off both my garments and put them on him as a reward for his good news, although, by Allah, I owned no other clothes that day. I borrowed two garments, put them on and set out for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). People met me in crowds, congratulating me on the acceptance of my repentance and saying: Congratulations on Allah's acceptance of your repentance. When I entered the mosque, I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting with people around him (peace and blessings be upon him). Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and hurried towards me, shook my hand and congratulated me. By Allah, no one from the Muhajirun stood up except him, and Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) never forgot this kindness of Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, while his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed face was shining with joy: "O Ka'b! Receive glad tidings of the best day that has passed over you since your mother gave birth to you." I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Is this from you or from Allah? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, rather it is from Allah Almighty." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was pleased, his (peace and blessings be upon him) radiant face would shine as if it were a piece of the moon, and this was seen on his (peace and blessings be upon him) face. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When I sat in front of him (peace and blessings be upon him), I said: As thanks for the acceptance of my repentance, I give all my wealth in charity for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth for yourself; that is better for you." I said: I will keep my share of Khaybar. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Allah has saved me because of truthfulness, and part of my repentance is that as long as I live I will never tell a lie. By Allah, since I made this pledge to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I do not know of any Muslim whom Allah has blessed for speaking the truth better than He has blessed me. Since that day I have never deliberately intended to tell a lie, and I hope that Allah Almighty will protect me from it for the rest of my life as well. Allah Almighty revealed these verses to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "Allah has certainly turned in mercy to the Prophet and the Muhajirun and the Ansar who followed him in the hour of hardship, after the hearts of a party of them had almost swerved; then He turned to them in mercy. Indeed, He is to them Most Kind, Most Merciful. And (He turned in mercy) to the three who were left behind, until, when the earth, despite its vastness, became narrow for them and their own souls became constricted for them, and they were certain that there is no refuge from Allah except in Him, then He turned to them in mercy so that they might repent. Indeed, Allah is the Accepter of repentance, the Most Merciful. O you who believe, fear Allah and be with the truthful." [Surah al-Tawbah: 117-119] By Allah, after being guided to Islam, no blessing is dearer to me than the truthfulness I showed before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), lest I lie and perish as the liars perished. Through revelation, Allah Almighty said about the liars something harsher than He said about anyone. Allah Almighty says: "They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them, so that you may turn away from them. So turn away from them; indeed they are filth, and their refuge is Hell as a recompense for what they used to earn. They swear to you so that you may be pleased with them, but if you are pleased with them, indeed Allah is not pleased with the defiantly disobedient people." [Surah al-Tawbah: 95-96] Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The matter of the three of us had been deferred from the matter of those whose oaths the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had accepted, whose pledge he had taken and for whom he had sought forgiveness, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left our matter pending until Allah Himself decided it. Concerning this, Allah Almighty said: "And (also) to the three whose matter was deferred." [Surah al-Tawbah: 118] Here "khullifu" does not mean staying behind from the campaign; rather, it means the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) deferring our matter, in contrast to those who swore oaths and offered excuses and he (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْغَزْوِ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ وَفَرِحُوا بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِذَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اعْتَذَرُوا إِلَيْهِ وَحَلَفُوا وَأَحَبُّوا أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ: {لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ بِمَفَازَةٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ} [آل عمران: ١٨٨]. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنِ الْحُلْوَانِيِّ وَابْنِ عَسْكَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فَأَظْهَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْرَارَهُمْ، وَخَبَرَ السَّمَّاعِينَ لَهُمْ وَأَتْبَاعِهِمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوا مَنْ مَعَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ وَالْإِرْجَافِ وَالتَّخْذِيلِ لَهُمْ، فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ إِذَا كَانُوا عَلَى هَذِهِ النِّيَّةِ، فَكَانَ فِيهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُمْنَعَ مَنْ عُرِفَ بِمَا عُرِفُوا بِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَغْزُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ زَادَ فِي تَأْكِيدِ بَيَانِ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ: {فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللهِ} [التوبة: ٨١] قَرَأَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ} [التوبة: ٨٣].
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said that in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) some hypocrites would do this: when he went out on a campaign, they would stay behind and rejoice at sitting back in opposition to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); and when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned, they would make excuses, swear oaths and want the Messenger of Allah to praise them for what they had not done. So this verse was revealed about them: "Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done, do not think them safe from the punishment; and for them is a painful punishment." [Surah Al Imran: 188]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, disclosed their secrets to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and also disclosed the news of those who listened to them and followed them, and their wish to put his companions to trial by resorting to lies, by spreading alarming rumours, and by inciting his companions to withdraw their support from him. And Allah informed that He disliked their setting out with this intention. This is proof that Allah has commanded that whoever becomes known for this should not be allowed to take part in the campaigns of the Muslims, because there is no harm to the Muslims (in keeping them out). Then this is further emphasised by His saying: "Those who stayed behind rejoiced in their sitting back in opposition to the Messenger of Allah." [Surah al-Tawbah: 81] He recited up to: "So sit with those who stay behind." [Surah al-Tawbah: 83]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, disclosed their secrets to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and also disclosed the news of those who listened to them and followed them, and their wish to put his companions to trial by resorting to lies, by spreading alarming rumours, and by inciting his companions to withdraw their support from him. And Allah informed that He disliked their setting out with this intention. This is proof that Allah has commanded that whoever becomes known for this should not be allowed to take part in the campaigns of the Muslims, because there is no harm to the Muslims (in keeping them out). Then this is further emphasised by His saying: "Those who stayed behind rejoiced in their sitting back in opposition to the Messenger of Allah." [Surah al-Tawbah: 81] He recited up to: "So sit with those who stay behind." [Surah al-Tawbah: 83]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ دَلُّوَيْهِ الدَّقَّاقُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ بْنِ مَنِيعٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُؤَيِّدُ الدِّينَ بِالرَّجُلِ الْفَاجِرِ ". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty strengthens the religion even through a wicked man."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُدَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " نَسْتَعِينُ بِقُوَّةِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَإِثْمُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ". وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، فَإِنْ صَحَّ فَإِنَّمَا وَرَدَ فِي مُنَافِقِينَ لَمْ يُعْرَفُوا بِالتَّخْذِيلِ وَالْإِرْجَافِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We benefit from the strength of the hypocrites, and its sin is upon them. This (report) is munqati' (broken), and if it is authentic, it concerns hypocrites who were not known for inciting people to withhold support or for spreading evil rumours. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ حَبَّةَ بْنِ جُوَيْنٍ، ⦗٦٣⦘ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ سَلْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي غَزَاةٍ وَنَحْنُ مُصَافُّو الْعَدُوِّ، فَقَالَ: " مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ ". قَالُوا: الْمُشْرِكُونَ. قَالَ: " مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ ". قَالُوا: الْمُؤْمِنُونَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: " هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ، فَيُؤَيِّدُ اللهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِقُوَّةِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَيَنْصُرُ اللهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِدَعْوَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ".
Habbah bin Juwayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) on a campaign, facing the enemy, when Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Who are these? They said: These are the polytheists. Then he said: Who are these? They said: The believers. Habbah bin Juwayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: These are the polytheists, and these are the believers and the hypocrites. Allah will strengthen the believers through the strength of the hypocrites, and will grant the hypocrites success through the supplication of the believers.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْنَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ - يَعْنِي غُنْدَرًا ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " إِنَّكُمْ سَتُعَانُونَ فِي غَزْوِكُمْ بِالْمُنَافِقِينَ ".
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In (your) campaigns you will be helped through the hypocrites.
