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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من ليس للإمام أن يغزو به بحال
Chapter: Those whom the ruler may not take on an expedition under any circumstances
Bayhaqi 17863 — Those whom the ruler may not take on an expedition
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ بِهَا، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ رَجَعَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ، فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِمْ فِرْقَتَيْنِ: فِرْقَةٌ تَقُولُ: نَقْتُلُهُمْ، وَفِرْقَةٌ تَقُولُ: لَا نَقْتُلُهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا} [النساء: ٨٨]. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " ثُمَّ شَهِدُوا مَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِمَا حَكَى الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: {مَا وَعَدَنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا} [الأحزاب: ١٢]. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " هُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي الْمَغَازِي عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ - الْإِسْنَادُ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْخَنْدَقِ -: فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ الْبَلَاءُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ نَافَقَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَتَكَلَّمُوا بِكَلَامٍ قَبِيحٍ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا فِيهِ ⦗٥٥⦘ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْكَرْبِ جَعَلَ يُبَشِّرُهُمْ وَيَقُولُ: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَيُفَرَّجَنَّ عَنْكُمْ مَا تَرَوْنَ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ وَالْبَلَاءِ، فَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ آمِنًا، وَأَنْ يَدْفَعَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَفَاتِحَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَلَيُهْلِكَنَّ اللهُ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ، وَلَتُنْفَقَنَّ كُنُوزُهُمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ". فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: أَلَا تَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ يَعِدُنَا أَنْ نَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ وَأَنْ نَغْنَمَ كُنُوزَ فَارِسَ وَالرُّومِ، وَنَحْنُ هَا هُنَا لَا يَأْمَنُ أَحَدُنَا أَنْ يَذْهَبَ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ، وَاللهِ لَمَا يَعِدُنَا إِلَّا غُرُورًا. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ: ائْذَنْ لَنَا فَإِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مَقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا. وَسَمَّى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَائِلَ الْأَوَّلَ مُعَتِّبَ بْنَ قُشَيْرٍ، وَالْقَائِلَ الثَّانِيَ أَوْسَ بْنَ قَيْظِيٍّ.
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to Uhud, some people turned back on the way. Those who were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were divided into two groups (about them): one said, "We will fight them," and the other said, "We will not fight them." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Then what is the matter with you that you have become two groups concerning the hypocrites, while Allah has turned them back because of what they earned?" [Surah al-Nisa: 88]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then these people took part in (the battle of) the Trench and spoke what He has related of them: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion." [Surah al-Ahzab: 12]
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is related in detail in the Maghazi from Musa bin Uqbah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, and it has passed in the story of the Trench that when the trial became severe on him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions, many people became hypocrites and began to speak vile words. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the state the people were in because of the trial and hardship, he (peace and blessings be upon him) began to give them glad tidings. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the severe trial you are seeing will surely be lifted. I hope that we will circumambulate the House (of Allah) in safety, that Allah Almighty will give me the keys of the Ka'bah, and that He will surely destroy Khusraw and Caesar, and you will spend their treasures in His way." A man among the hypocrites said to his companions: "Are you not amazed at Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He promises us circumambulation of the House and the division of the treasures of Persia and Rome, while we are not even safe when we go to relieve ourselves. By Allah, he is deceiving us." Others said: "Give us permission (to go to our homes)." And some said: "O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to stand, so go back." [Surah al-Ahzab: 13] Ibn Ishaq named the first speaker as Mu'attib bin Qushayr and the second as Aws bin Qayzi.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then these people took part in (the battle of) the Trench and spoke what He has related of them: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion." [Surah al-Ahzab: 12]
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is related in detail in the Maghazi from Musa bin Uqbah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, and it has passed in the story of the Trench that when the trial became severe on him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions, many people became hypocrites and began to speak vile words. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the state the people were in because of the trial and hardship, he (peace and blessings be upon him) began to give them glad tidings. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the severe trial you are seeing will surely be lifted. I hope that we will circumambulate the House (of Allah) in safety, that Allah Almighty will give me the keys of the Ka'bah, and that He will surely destroy Khusraw and Caesar, and you will spend their treasures in His way." A man among the hypocrites said to his companions: "Are you not amazed at Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He promises us circumambulation of the House and the division of the treasures of Persia and Rome, while we are not even safe when we go to relieve ourselves. By Allah, he is deceiving us." Others said: "Give us permission (to go to our homes)." And some said: "O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to stand, so go back." [Surah al-Ahzab: 13] Ibn Ishaq named the first speaker as Mu'attib bin Qushayr and the second as Aws bin Qayzi.
