السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف الغنيمة في ابتداء الإسلام وأنها كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يضعها فيمن يراه ممن شهد الوقعة وممن لم يشهدها، حتى نزل قوله عز وجل واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل، فكان الخمس
Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning of Islam, that they belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to whomever he saw fit among those who were present at the battle and those who were not, until the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, was revealed: And know that whatever you take as spoils, a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the poor and the traveller, and so the fifth was established
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بَابُ بَيَانِ مَصْرِفِ الْغَنِيمَةِ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَضَعُهَا فِيمَنْ يَرَاهُ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ وَمِمَّنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا، حَتَّى نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ} [الأنفال: 41]، فَكَانَ الْخُمُسُ لِأَهْلِ الْخُمُسِ، وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهَا لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ.
Chapter: Explanation of how the spoils of war were spent at the beginning of Islam, and that they belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who would give them to whomever he saw fit among those who took part in the battle and those who did not, until the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, was revealed: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah, for the Messenger, for (the Messenger's) relatives, the orphans, the needy and the wayfarer" [Surah al-Anfal: 41].
So the khums (one fifth) went to those entitled to the khums, and its (remaining) four parts to those who took part in the battle.
So the khums (one fifth) went to those entitled to the khums, and its (remaining) four parts to those who took part in the battle.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْمُنَادِي، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ أَرْبَعُ آيَاتٍ؛ أَصَبْتُ سَيْفًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، نَفِّلْنِيهِ، فَقَالَ: " ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ "، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، نَفِّلْنِيهِ، فَقَالَ: " ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ "، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، نَفِّلْنِيهِ، وَاجْعَلْنِي كَمَنْ لَا غَنَاءَ لَهُ، قَالَ: " ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ "، وَنَزَلَتْ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَقَالَ: اجْعَلْنِي كَمَنْ لَا غَنَاءَ لَهُ.
Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Four verses were revealed concerning me. I obtained a sword on the day of Badr, and I said: O Messenger of Allah, give it to me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Put it back where you picked it up from." I said again: O Messenger of Allah, give it to me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Put it back where you picked it up from." I said again: O Messenger of Allah, give it to me; shall I remain like one who is destitute? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Put it back where you took it from." Then this verse was revealed: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُثْمَانُ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جِئْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيْفٍ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ شُفِيَ صَدْرِي الْيَوْمَ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَهَبْ لِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ هَذَا السَّيْفَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ "، فَذَهَبْتُ وَأَنَا أَقُولُ: يُعْطَاهُ الْيَوْمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبْلِ بَلَائِي، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا إِذْ جَاءَنِي الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ: " أَجِبْ "، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِي، فَجِئْتُ، فَقَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّكَ سَأَلْتَنِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ لِي، فَهُوَ لَكَ "، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.
Mus'ab bin Sa'd reports from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Badr with a sword and said: "O Messenger of Allah! Today Allah Almighty has healed my breast against the enemy, so give me this sword." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This sword is neither mine nor yours." I went away saying: "Today it will be given to someone who has not been tested as I was." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) called me, and I thought that something had been revealed about me. I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "You asked me for this sword when it was neither mine nor yours; now Allah Almighty has made it mine, and it is now yours." Then he recited the verse: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1].
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحِيرِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: " مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ مِنَ النَّفْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا "، قَالَ: فَتَقَدَّمَ الْفِتْيَانُ، وَلَزِمَ الْمَشْيَخَةُ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمْ يَبْرَحُوهَا، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَتِ الْمَشْيَخَةُ: كُنَّا رِدَاءً لَكُمْ، لَوِ انْهَزَمْتُمْ فِئْتُمْ إِلَيْنَا، فَلَا تَذْهَبُوا بِالْمَغْنَمِ وَنَبْقَى، فَأَبَى الْفِتْيَانُ وَقَالُوا: جَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَنَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ} [الأنفال: ٥]، يَقُولُ: فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فَأَطِيعُونِي فَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ بِعَاقِبَةِ هَذَا مِنْكُمْ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that on the day of Badr the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever does such-and-such will have such-and-such as a reward." So the young men went forward and the old men stayed by the banners, and they remained firmly there. When Allah granted the Muslims victory, the old men said: We were your helpers and your support; had you been defeated, you would have fallen back to us, so it cannot be that you take away the spoils and we are simply left behind. But the young men refused and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to us. So Allah Almighty revealed the verses from "They ask you about the spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] up to "were averse" [Surah al-Anfal: 5]. That was better for them; so obey me, for I know the outcome better.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَبُو عِمْرَانَ التُّسْتَرِيُّ، ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ. زَادَ: فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ.
These words are added: "He (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it among them equally."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ، قَالَ: " فِينَا أَصْحَابَ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ، وَكُنَّا أَثْلَاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَأْسِرُونَ، وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُونَ النَّفْلَ، وَثُلُثٌ قِيَامٌ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ حَرَسًا لَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا النَّفْلَ: هُوَ لَنَا، وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا، لَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ الْقَوْمَ، وَخَلَّيْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّفْلِ، فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْرُسُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الرِّجَالَ حِينَ مَنَحُونَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ، وَنَأْخُذَ النَّفْلَ لَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُهُ، وَلَكِنَّا خَشِينَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ، فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ، فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١] " وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَعَ تَقْصِيرٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ: فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Umamah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) about the spoils of war, and he said: The verse was revealed concerning us, the people of Badr. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met the people (in battle) on the day of Badr, he gave each man a share of what he obtained. We were in three groups: one third were fighting the enemy and taking captives, one third were gathering the spoils, and one third were defending the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), fearing that the enemy might harm him (peace and blessings be upon him), that is, they were guarding him. When the war was over, those who had gathered the spoils began to say: "It is ours, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has assigned to every man whatever wealth he obtained." Those who had been fighting and taking enemies captive said: "By Allah, you are not more deserving than us. We kept the enemy busy away from you and left the way clear between you and the spoils, so you are not more deserving of it than us." Those who had been guarding the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are not more deserving of it than us. We could certainly have killed the enemy's men when they had turned their backs to us (that is, nothing stopped us from killing them), and we could have gathered the spoils with no one standing in the way, but we feared an attack by the enemy upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (lest the enemy harm him), so we stood guarding him (peace and blessings be upon him). So you are not more deserving of it than us." When we disputed and abandoned good conduct, Allah Almighty took it away from us and placed it in the possession of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah divided it equally among the people. In this lay the fear of Allah, obedience to Him, obedience to His Messenger, and setting things right among the people. Allah Almighty says: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1].
Jarir bin Hazim narrated it from Muhammad bin Ishaq with a shortcoming in its chain, and said: He divided it equally; there was no khums in it that day.
Jarir bin Hazim narrated it from Muhammad bin Ishaq with a shortcoming in its chain, and said: He divided it equally; there was no khums in it that day.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَهْضَمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ، فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ، فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ قَالُوا: لَنَا النَّفْلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ، وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا، هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة: ٩١]، فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فَوَاقٍ ".
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out on the day of Badr and met the enemy. When Allah defeated them, a group of the Muslims pursued them, killing them; a group surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); and a group set about gathering the wealth. When Allah Almighty had sufficed against the enemy and those who had killed them returned, they said: We killed the enemy, so the spoils are ours, and it was because of us that Allah defeated them. Those who had surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By Allah, you are not more deserving than us, because we surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the enemy could not reach him. And those who had gone to the wealth said: We are the ones who deserve it. So Allah Almighty revealed the verse: "They ask you about the spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it among them in a fitting manner.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَشَيْبَانُ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: " أَمَّا قَوْلُكَ الَّذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ: أَشَهِدَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَدْرًا؟ فَإِنَّهُ شُغِلَ بِابْنَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said to a man: As for your question that you asked me, whether Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was present at Badr: he was occupied with nursing the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted him his share as well.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ،.
Abu al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ تَخَلَّفَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً، فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ يَوْمَ قَدِمَ أَهْلُ بَدْرٍ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ "، قَالَ: وَقَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشَّامَ بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: " لَكَ سَهْمُكَ "، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ "، وَقَدِمَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: " لَكَ سَهْمُكَ "، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ " وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَرَجَّعَهُ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ، وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفْرَاءَ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ حَجَرٌ، فَرَجَعَ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَرَدَّهُ فَرَجَعَ مِنَ الرَّوْحَاءِ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ: رَدَّهُ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ.
Isma'il bin Ibrahim reports from his paternal uncle Musa bin Uqbah, concerning the military expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), (regarding) those who were present at Badr and those who stayed behind, for whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside a share: Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed behind for his wife Ruqayyah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who was ill, until she passed away on the day the people of Badr arrived in Madinah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted him his share. He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward!" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward." Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from Syria after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned from Badr. He spoke to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about his share. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your share." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward too." Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from Syria after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned from Badr; he too said: "O Messenger of Allah! My share." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your share." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward too." Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); on the way to Badr he returned, as he had been appointed governor over Madinah, and a share was set aside for him too along with the people of Badr. Khawwat bin Jubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), until, when they reached al-Safra', a stone struck his shin and he too returned; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share for him as well. Asim bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him back; a share was set aside for him too. Al-Harith bin al-Simmah (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out; at al-Rawha' his leg was broken, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside a share for him as well.
(b) It is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1], that al-anfal are spoils that belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); no one else had anything of them. Whatever campaign the Muslims undertook, they would bring the spoils from there, and whoever withheld anything of it, that was treachery. They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to them, so Allah Almighty said: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] "are Mine; I have assigned them to My Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); you have nothing of them." "So fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] up to His saying "if you are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then Allah Almighty revealed: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41].
Then it was divided thus: the khums for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for the relatives, for the orphans and the needy, and for the fighters in the path of Allah, and the remaining four parts for the people, in which the people are equal: two shares for the horse, one share for its owner, and the foot soldier. This is how it occurs in the book, and the mention of the fighters is a mistake; it is in fact the wayfarer.
(b) It is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1], that al-anfal are spoils that belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); no one else had anything of them. Whatever campaign the Muslims undertook, they would bring the spoils from there, and whoever withheld anything of it, that was treachery. They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to them, so Allah Almighty said: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] "are Mine; I have assigned them to My Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); you have nothing of them." "So fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] up to His saying "if you are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then Allah Almighty revealed: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41].
Then it was divided thus: the khums for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for the relatives, for the orphans and the needy, and for the fighters in the path of Allah, and the remaining four parts for the people, in which the people are equal: two shares for the horse, one share for its owner, and the foot soldier. This is how it occurs in the book, and the mention of the fighters is a mistake; it is in fact the wayfarer.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ مَحْبُوبُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَامِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَصَابَ غَنِيمَةً أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَيُنَادِي فِي النَّاسِ، فَيَجِيئُونَ بِغَنَائِمِهِمْ فَيُخَمِّسُهَا وَيَقْسِمُهَا، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزِمَامٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا فِيمَا كُنَّا أَصَبْنَاهُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَقَالَ: " أَسَمِعْتَ بِلَالًا نَادَى ثَلَاثًا؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ؟ " فَاعْتَذَرَ، فَقَالَ: " كُنْ أَنْتَ تَجِيءُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَلَنْ أَقْبَلَهُ عَنْكَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that whenever spoils of war came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would order Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), and he would make an announcement among the people; they would bring their spoils, and he would take out the khums from it and distribute it. A man came afterwards with a halter made of hair and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! This is from what we received of the spoils." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you hear Bilal's call? He called out three times." He said: "Yes." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What prevented you from bringing it?" He apologized and offered an excuse. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take it away; you will bring it on the Day of Resurrection, for I will not accept it from you now."
