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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف الغنيمة في ابتداء الإسلام وأنها كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يضعها فيمن يراه ممن شهد الوقعة وممن لم يشهدها، حتى نزل قوله عز وجل واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل، فكان الخمس
Chapter: Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning of Islam, that they belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to whomever he saw fit among those who were present at the battle and those who were not, until the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, was revealed: And know that whatever you take as spoils, a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the poor and the traveller, and so the fifth was established
Bayhaqi 12718 — Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ تَخَلَّفَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً، فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ يَوْمَ قَدِمَ أَهْلُ بَدْرٍ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ "، قَالَ: وَقَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشَّامَ بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: " لَكَ سَهْمُكَ "، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ "، وَقَدِمَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: " لَكَ سَهْمُكَ "، قَالَ: وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " وَأَجْرُكَ " وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَرَجَّعَهُ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ، وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفْرَاءَ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ حَجَرٌ، فَرَجَعَ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَرَدَّهُ فَرَجَعَ مِنَ الرَّوْحَاءِ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَهْمِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ: رَدَّهُ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ.
Isma'il bin Ibrahim reports from his paternal uncle Musa bin Uqbah, concerning the military expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), (regarding) those who were present at Badr and those who stayed behind, for whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside a share: Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed behind for his wife Ruqayyah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who was ill, until she passed away on the day the people of Badr arrived in Madinah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted him his share. He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward!" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward." Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from Syria after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned from Badr. He spoke to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about his share. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your share." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward too." Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from Syria after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned from Badr; he too said: "O Messenger of Allah! My share." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your share." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! My reward?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have your reward too." Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); on the way to Badr he returned, as he had been appointed governor over Madinah, and a share was set aside for him too along with the people of Badr. Khawwat bin Jubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), until, when they reached al-Safra', a stone struck his shin and he too returned; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share for him as well. Asim bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him back; a share was set aside for him too. Al-Harith bin al-Simmah (may Allah be pleased with him) also set out; at al-Rawha' his leg was broken, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside a share for him as well.
(b) It is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1], that al-anfal are spoils that belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); no one else had anything of them. Whatever campaign the Muslims undertook, they would bring the spoils from there, and whoever withheld anything of it, that was treachery. They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to them, so Allah Almighty said: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] "are Mine; I have assigned them to My Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); you have nothing of them." "So fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] up to His saying "if you are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then Allah Almighty revealed: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41].
Then it was divided thus: the khums for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for the relatives, for the orphans and the needy, and for the fighters in the path of Allah, and the remaining four parts for the people, in which the people are equal: two shares for the horse, one share for its owner, and the foot soldier. This is how it occurs in the book, and the mention of the fighters is a mistake; it is in fact the wayfarer.
(b) It is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 1], that al-anfal are spoils that belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); no one else had anything of them. Whatever campaign the Muslims undertook, they would bring the spoils from there, and whoever withheld anything of it, that was treachery. They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give it to them, so Allah Almighty said: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] "are Mine; I have assigned them to My Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); you have nothing of them." "So fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] up to His saying "if you are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then Allah Almighty revealed: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of war, one fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41].
Then it was divided thus: the khums for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for the relatives, for the orphans and the needy, and for the fighters in the path of Allah, and the remaining four parts for the people, in which the people are equal: two shares for the horse, one share for its owner, and the foot soldier. This is how it occurs in the book, and the mention of the fighters is a mistake; it is in fact the wayfarer.
