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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف الغنيمة في ابتداء الإسلام وأنها كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يضعها فيمن يراه ممن شهد الوقعة وممن لم يشهدها، حتى نزل قوله عز وجل واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل، فكان الخمس
Chapter: Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning of Islam, that they belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to whomever he saw fit among those who were present at the battle and those who were not, until the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, was revealed: And know that whatever you take as spoils, a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the poor and the traveller, and so the fifth was established
Bayhaqi 12714 — Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ، قَالَ: " فِينَا أَصْحَابَ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ، وَكُنَّا أَثْلَاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَأْسِرُونَ، وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُونَ النَّفْلَ، وَثُلُثٌ قِيَامٌ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ حَرَسًا لَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا النَّفْلَ: هُوَ لَنَا، وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا، لَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ الْقَوْمَ، وَخَلَّيْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّفْلِ، فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْرُسُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الرِّجَالَ حِينَ مَنَحُونَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ، وَنَأْخُذَ النَّفْلَ لَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُهُ، وَلَكِنَّا خَشِينَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ، فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ، فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١] " وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَعَ تَقْصِيرٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَقَالَ: فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Umamah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) about the spoils of war, and he said: The verse was revealed concerning us, the people of Badr. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met the people (in battle) on the day of Badr, he gave each man a share of what he obtained. We were in three groups: one third were fighting the enemy and taking captives, one third were gathering the spoils, and one third were defending the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), fearing that the enemy might harm him (peace and blessings be upon him), that is, they were guarding him. When the war was over, those who had gathered the spoils began to say: "It is ours, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has assigned to every man whatever wealth he obtained." Those who had been fighting and taking enemies captive said: "By Allah, you are not more deserving than us. We kept the enemy busy away from you and left the way clear between you and the spoils, so you are not more deserving of it than us." Those who had been guarding the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are not more deserving of it than us. We could certainly have killed the enemy's men when they had turned their backs to us (that is, nothing stopped us from killing them), and we could have gathered the spoils with no one standing in the way, but we feared an attack by the enemy upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (lest the enemy harm him), so we stood guarding him (peace and blessings be upon him). So you are not more deserving of it than us." When we disputed and abandoned good conduct, Allah Almighty took it away from us and placed it in the possession of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah divided it equally among the people. In this lay the fear of Allah, obedience to Him, obedience to His Messenger, and setting things right among the people. Allah Almighty says: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set right matters among yourselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1].
Jarir bin Hazim narrated it from Muhammad bin Ishaq with a shortcoming in its chain, and said: He divided it equally; there was no khums in it that day.
Jarir bin Hazim narrated it from Muhammad bin Ishaq with a shortcoming in its chain, and said: He divided it equally; there was no khums in it that day.
