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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف الغنيمة في ابتداء الإسلام وأنها كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يضعها فيمن يراه ممن شهد الوقعة وممن لم يشهدها، حتى نزل قوله عز وجل واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل، فكان الخمس
Chapter: Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning of Islam, that they belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to whomever he saw fit among those who were present at the battle and those who were not, until the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, was revealed: And know that whatever you take as spoils, a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the poor and the traveller, and so the fifth was established
Bayhaqi 12715 — Explanation of how spoils were spent at the beginning
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَهْضَمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ، فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ، فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ قَالُوا: لَنَا النَّفْلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ، وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا، هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة: ٩١]، فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فَوَاقٍ ".
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out on the day of Badr and met the enemy. When Allah defeated them, a group of the Muslims pursued them, killing them; a group surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); and a group set about gathering the wealth. When Allah Almighty had sufficed against the enemy and those who had killed them returned, they said: We killed the enemy, so the spoils are ours, and it was because of us that Allah defeated them. Those who had surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By Allah, you are not more deserving than us, because we surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the enemy could not reach him. And those who had gone to the wealth said: We are the ones who deserve it. So Allah Almighty revealed the verse: "They ask you about the spoils of war" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it among them in a fitting manner.
