السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: وجوب الخمس في الغنيمة والفيء، ومن قال: لا تخمس الجزية وما في معناها
The obligation of the fifth in spoils and fay, and those who said: No fifth is taken from the jizyah and the like
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْغَنِيمَةُ وَالْفَيْءُ يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا مَعًا الْخُمُسَ مِنْ جَمِيعِهِمَا لِمَنْ سَمَّاهُ اللهُ لَهُ فِي الْآيَتَيْنِ مَعًا وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: إِنَّمَا يُخَمَّسُ مَا أُوجِفَ عَلَيْهِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Ghanimah (spoils of war) and fay' are alike in that, from the whole of both of them, the khumus (one-fifth) belongs to those whom Allah Almighty has named in the two verses."
And he said in his old (opinion): "The khumus is taken only from that wealth which was obtained by spurring on (horses and camels) against it (that is, by fighting)."
And he said in his old (opinion): "The khumus is taken only from that wealth which was obtained by spurring on (horses and camels) against it (that is, by fighting)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي جَمْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ وَفْدَ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " مِمَّنِ الْقَوْمُ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ، قَالَ: " مَرْحَبًا بِالْوَفْدِ غَيْرِ الْخَزَايَا، وَلَا النَّدَامَى "، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّا حَيٌّ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ، وَإِنَّا نَأْتِيكَ مِنْ شُقَّةٍ ⦗٤٨٢⦘ بَعِيدَةٍ، وَإِنَّهُ يَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ هَذَا الْحِيُّ مِنْ كُفَّارِ مُضَرَ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، فَمُرْنَا بِأَمْرٍ فَصْلٍ نَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ مَنْ وَرَاءَنَا، وَنَدْخُلُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " آمُرُكُمْ بِأَرْبَعٍ، وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ: آمُرُكُمْ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِاللهِ وَحْدَهُ، أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ بِاللهِ؟ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ، وَأَنْ تُعْطُوا مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ الْخُمُسَ، وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ: عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْحَنْتَمِ وَالنَّقِيرِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: وَالْمُقَيَّرِ، فَاحْفَظُوهُنَّ وَادْعُوا إِلَيْهِنَّ مَنْ وَرَاءَكُمْ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ..
Abu Jamrah says: I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) say that when the delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who are the people?" They said: "From Rabi'ah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Welcome to the people, without any regret." They said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We are a tribe of Rabi'ah, we have come to you after great hardship, and between us and you stands the tribe of Mudar of the disbelievers, so we can reach you only in the sacred months. So give us a clear command, to which we may also invite those we have left behind, and by which we may enter Paradise." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I command you to do four things and forbid you four things. I command you to believe in Allah alone. Do you know what belief in Allah is? It is to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to pay the zakah, to fast in Ramadan, and that you give the khumus (one-fifth) from the spoils of war. And I forbid you four things: al-dubba' (gourds), al-hantam (green glazed jars), al-naqir (hollowed-out wooden vessels) and al-muzaffat (pitch-coated vessels)" and sometimes he said the word al-muqayyar, and he said: "Remember them and invite those you have left behind to them as well."
أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ نَاصِرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أنا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ.
Shu'bah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it with the chain and text of this (previous hadith).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مَنَازِلَ التَّيْمِيُّ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الْأَوْدِيُّ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " بَعَثَ أَبَاهُ جَدَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَعْرَسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَخَمَّسَ مَالَهُ ".
Mu'awiyah bin Qurrah narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent his father, that is, Mu'awiyah's grandfather, to a man who had married his father's wife; he struck off his neck and took the khumus (one-fifth) of his wealth.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنِي فِيمَا حَدَّثَهُ ابْنٌ لِعَدِيِّ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْكِنْدِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ " أَنَّ مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِ الْفَيْءِ، فَهُوَ مَا حَكَمَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَرَآهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ عَدْلًا مُوَافِقًا لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " جَعَلَ اللهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ عُمَرَ وَقَلْبِهِ "، فَرَضَ الْأُعْطِيَةَ وَعَقَدَ لِأَهْلِ الْأَدْيَانِ ذِمَّةً بِمَا فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْجِزْيَةِ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ فِيهَا بِخُمُسٍ وَلَا مَغْنَمٍ " رِوَايَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote that whoever asks where the wealth of fay' should be spent, the answer is: as Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled, which the Muslims then considered just and in agreement with the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "Allah Almighty has placed the truth upon the tongue and heart of Umar." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed the stipends and granted protection (dhimmah) to the people of all religions in return for the jizyah, and he neither levied the khumus on it nor treated it like the spoils of war.
The narration of Umar bin Abd al-Aziz from Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (broken), and Allah knows best.
The narration of Umar bin Abd al-Aziz from Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (broken), and Allah knows best.
