السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: بيان مصرف الغنيمة في الأمم الخالية إلى أن أحلها الله تعالى لمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ولأمته
Explanation of how spoils were dealt with in past nations until Allah the Exalted made them lawful for Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Ummah
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حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ إِمْلَاءً، أنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهِ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَنَا، ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ رَأَى ضَعْفَنَا وَعَجْزَنَا فَطَيَّبَهَا لَنَا ".
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Spoils of war were not lawful for those before us; Allah Almighty saw our weakness and helplessness and made them wholesome for us."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " غَزَا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَقَالَ لِلْقَوْمِ: لَا يَتْبَعْنِي رَجُلٌ قَدْ كَانَ مَلَكَ بُضْعَ امْرَأَةٍ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ بِهَا، وَلَمَّا يَبْنِ، وَلَا آخَرُ قَدْ بَنَى بِنَاءً لَهُ وَلَمَّا يَرْفَعْ سُقُفَهَا، وَلَا آخَرُ قَدِ اشْتَرَى غَنَمًا أَوْ خَلِفَاتٍ وَهُوَ يَنْتَظِرُ وِلَادَهَا، فَغَدَا فَدَنَا مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ حِينَ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لِلشَّمْسِ: أَنْتِ مَأْمُورَةٌ، وَأَنَا مَأْمُورٌ، اللهُمَّ احْبِسْهَا عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا، فَحُبِسَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَجَمَعُوا مَا غَنِمُوا، فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ لِتَأْكُلَهُ فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَطْعَمَهُ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمْ غُلُولٌ، فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ رَجُلٌ، فَبَايَعُوهُ فَلَصَقَتْ يَدُ رَجُلٍ بِيَدِهِ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ، فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي قَبِيلَتُكَ، فَبَايَعَتْهُ قَبِيلَتُهُ، فَلَصِقَ يَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ، أَنْتُمْ غَلَلْتُمْ، قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجُوا لَهُ مِثْلَ رَأْسِ بَقَرَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَوَضَعُوهُ فِي الْمَالِ وَهُوَ بِالصَّعِيدِ، فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ فَأَكَلَتْ، فَلَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ رَأَى ضَعْفَنَا وَعَجْزَنَا فَطَيَّبَهَا لَنَا " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "One of the prophets intended to go out on a military campaign, and he said to his people: 'No man should go with me who has newly married and intends to spend the night with his wife but has not yet done so; nor a man who has built a new house and has not yet put up its roof; nor a man who has bought pregnant sheep or she-camels and is waiting for them to give birth.' So they went out on the campaign and drew near the town when the time of Asr came, or close to it. That prophet said to the sun: 'You are under command and I am under command. O Allah, hold it back for us.' So it was held back until Allah Almighty granted them victory. Then they gathered the spoils, and the fire came to consume them but refused to consume them. That prophet said: 'Among you is someone who has stolen (from the spoils), so let one man from each tribe pledge allegiance at my hand.' They pledged allegiance, and one man's hand stuck to his hand. That prophet said: 'The thief is in your tribe, so let every member of your tribe pledge allegiance.' That tribe pledged allegiance, and the hands of two or three men stuck to his hand. He said: 'You have committed the theft.' So they brought out something of gold like the head of a cow and put it with the wealth; then the fire came and consumed it. So spoils were not lawful for those before us; Allah Almighty saw our weakness and helplessness and made them lawful for us." [Sahih]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا مُحَاضِرٌ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِقَوْمٍ ⦗٤٧٦⦘ سُودِ الرُّءُوسِ قَبْلَكُمْ، كَانَتْ تُجْمَعُ فَتَنْزِلُ نَارٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَأْكُلُهَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أَسْرَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [الأنفال: ٦٨] {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال: ٦٩] " لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَاضِرٍ: " وَأَنّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أَغَارُوا فِيهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ لَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ". وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ: " فَأُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ "، وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Spoils of war were not lawful for any black-headed people before you. The spoils would be gathered, and a fire would descend from the sky and consume them. When the battle of Badr took place, people hastened to the spoils, so Allah Almighty revealed: 'Were it not for a decree from Allah that had preceded, a great punishment would have touched you for what you took. So eat of what you have taken as spoils, lawful and good' [Surah al-Anfal: 68-69]."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي: كَانَ كُلُّ نَبِيٍّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى كُلِّ أَحْمَرَ وَأَسْوَدَ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْمَغَانِمُ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ طِيبًا وَطَهُورًا وَمَسْجِدًا، وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَّى حَيْثُ كَانَ، وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ بَيْنَ يَدِيَّ مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ، وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى.
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been given five things that were not given to anyone before me: every prophet was sent to his own people specifically, while I have been sent to every red and black person; spoils of war have been made lawful for me and they were not lawful for anyone before me; the earth has been made pure and a place of prayer (masjid) for me, so a man may pray wherever the time of prayer reaches him; I have been helped with awe from a month's distance; and I have been given intercession."
