Explanation that this prohibition applies to some prayers and not others, and that any prayer with a reason is permitted at these times

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If someone forgets a prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it other than that." Allah Almighty says: "Establish the prayer for My remembrance." [Surah Ta-Ha: 14]

Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When one of you sleeps through a prayer or forgets it, let him pray it when he remembers it." Allah Almighty says: "Establish the prayer for My remembrance." [Surah Ta-Ha: 14]

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates about the time when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from the expedition of Khaybar. At the end of the hadith it says: "When a man forgets a prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it." Allah Almighty says: "Establish the prayer for the remembrance." [Surah Ta-Ha: 14] Yunus said: Ibn Shihab used to recite it this way.

The grandfather of Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw me while I was praying the two rak'ahs of Fajr after the Subh prayer. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Qays, what are these two rak'ahs?" I said: "O Messenger of Allah, these are the two rak'ahs of Fajr that I had not been able to pray." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent.

Sayyiduna Qays bin Qahd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw me praying two rak'ahs after Subh.

It is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Azhar and Sayyiduna al-Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them) sent Kurayb, the freed slave of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the honoured wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and said: Convey our greetings of peace and ask about the two rak'ahs after Asr, for we have learned that you pray them, whereas the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade them. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and I used to beat people over this. Kurayb said: I asked, and she sent me to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). I went back to them and said: She has sent me to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). They said to me: Go to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), then. When I came to Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked, she said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to forbid it, but I have also seen him (peace and blessings be upon him) pray it after Asr. At that time some women of Banu Haram were with me. I sent a girl to him (peace and blessings be upon him), telling her: Stand beside him (peace and blessings be upon him) and say to him (peace and blessings be upon him) that Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "O Messenger of Allah, you forbid these two rak'ahs, yet you are praying them yourself?" If he (peace and blessings be upon him) gestures with his hand, step back. Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The girl did so, and when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured with his hand, she stepped back. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had finished the prayer, he said: "O daughter of Abu Umayyah, you asked about the two rak'ahs after Asr? People of the tribe of Abd al-Qays came to me who had become Muslim, and because of them I could not pray the two rak'ahs after Zuhr; these are those."

Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pray after Asr only once: some people came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), so he could not pray the two rak'ahs after Zuhr, and then he prayed them in my house after Asr.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray on a small mat (khumrah).

Abu Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the two rak'ahs that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray after Asr. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray them before Asr, but because of being occupied or forgetting, he prayed them after Asr, and then he kept them up constantly; and whenever he prayed a prayer, he kept it up.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never once omitted two rak'ahs after Asr when he was with me.

Abd al-Aziz bin Rufay' narrates: I saw Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) praying two rak'ahs after Asr, and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to my house, he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not omit these two rak'ahs.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: On any day that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to my house after Asr, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would certainly pray two rak'ahs.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray two rak'ahs after Asr.

Abd al-Wahid bin Ayman said: My father asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the two rak'ahs after Asr, and she said: By the One who took his soul, meaning the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never abandoned them until his death. In his (peace and blessings be upon him) final days praying became difficult for him (peace and blessings be upon him), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray sitting. The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to forbid these two rak'ahs and would even beat people over them. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: That is true, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray them, and he did not pray them in the mosque, lest it become burdensome for his Ummah, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved what made things lighter for them.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself used to pray two rak'ahs after Asr and used to forbid others from it, and he himself used to observe continuous fasting (sawm al-wisal) and forbade others from continuous fasting.
(b) In this, and in some of what has preceded, there is an indication that continuing these two rak'ahs, after the making-up that took place in the house of Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), was particular to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade "that one should wait for the rising or setting of the sun." (When Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) saw the constancy of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), she applied it to these two times only, whereas the prohibition is established both at these two times and before them; so the correct view is that this was particular to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Allah knows best. And a narration has also been reported from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which indicates that it is permissible if Asr has been prayed at the beginning of its time.)

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not pray after Asr. If you do pray, then at the time when the sun is shining."

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not pray after Asr, except when the sun is bright, that is, shining."
Although Abu Dawud al-Sijistani recorded this in his Sunan, it is not recorded in the books of al-Bukhari and Muslim, and Wahb bin al-Ajda' does not meet their condition. This is a single hadith, whereas what has preceded regarding the prohibition extending until sunset is a hadith of several narrators, so it is more likely to be preserved (mahfuz). Something contrary to this has been narrated from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and something agreeing with it has also been narrated.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray two rak'ahs after the obligatory prayer, except for Fajr and Asr.

Asim bin Damrah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: We were with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) on a journey. He led us in the Asr prayer as two rak'ahs and went into his tent, and I was watching; then he prayed two rak'ahs.
Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) related these three hadiths from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), then said: These are hadiths, some of which contradict others. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What is obligatory upon us, then, is to follow that in which no disagreement has occurred; then (the prohibition) is restricted to prayers that have no cause, and prayers that have a cause are excepted from the prohibition by the report of Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and others. Wallahu a'lam (Allah knows best).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to pray the funeral prayer after Asr and after Fajr, when those two had been prayed at their proper time.

Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that, together with Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), he prayed the funeral prayer over Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when they had prayed the morning prayer.
(b) Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) led a funeral prayer while the sun was still on the edges of the walls. A group held that the funeral prayer should not be prayed at sunrise and at sunset.

Abu Bakr bin Hafs (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) say at the funeral of Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him): "If you do not pray over him before the sun begins to set, then do not pray over him until it has set."

Muhammad bin Abi Harmalah (may Allah have mercy on him), the freed slave of Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Sufyan bin Huwaytib, said that Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), passed away while Tariq was the governor of Madinah. Her bier was brought after the morning prayer and placed in the Baqi' graveyard, and Tariq used to lead the morning prayer in the darkness.
(b) Ibn Abi Harmalah said: I heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) say to her family: "Either pray over your deceased now, or leave her until the sun has risen high."

Abdullah used to lead his father Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) about after he had lost his sight. He said: I heard Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) speaking; he mentions the long hadith about his repentance and himself narrates the account of his staying behind from the Battle of Tabuk: I prayed the Fajr prayer on the morning of the fiftieth night on the roof of one of our houses. I was sitting in the state that Allah has described in the Qur'an: "And the earth, despite its vastness, became narrow for them" [Surah al-Tawbah: 118]; the earth, despite its spaciousness, had become narrow for me. I heard the loud voice of someone who had climbed the mountain called Sal', saying: 'O Ka'b! Rejoice!' I fell down in prostration and understood that good news had come, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had announced, after the Fajr prayer, the acceptance of our repentance. People were giving us the good news.