Evidence that the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) on the prohibition of speaking cannot abrogate the hadith of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) and others on the speech of one who forgets, since the hadith of Abdullah came earlier and that of Abu Hurairah later

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in the narration that has reached us from him concerning the prohibition of speaking in prayer: "So when we returned from the land of Abyssinia."
His return from Abyssinia took place before the emigration of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to Madinah; then he emigrated to Madinah and took part in the Battle of Badr with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So this incident of the salam took place before the emigration.

Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us to the Negus (al-Najashi), and we were 80 men; with us was Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. He mentioned the complete hadith about their entering the court of the Negus, and at its end it says that Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) hastened to come back, and he also took part in Badr.

Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Among those who are mentioned as having come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in Makkah from the emigrants of the first emigration to Abyssinia, and who then emigrated to Madinah, is Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him); and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) also took part in Badr with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). All the scholars of the Sirah have mentioned it in the same way, without disagreement.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in one of the prayers that come after the sun has passed its zenith.
In the chain of Yahya bin Abi Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him), Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: "Once I was praying the Zuhr prayer with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)," and then he mentioned the story of Dhul-Yadayn. In one narration it says: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer."

(a) Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the Zuhr or Asr prayer and gave the salam after two rak'ahs.
(b) It is narrated from Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) that Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I was present at this incident, and I had come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Khaybar."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) after the conquest of Khaybar.

Irak bin Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) say: I came to Madinah while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was at Khaybar, and a man from Banu Ghifar was leading the people in prayer.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then he set out after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was at Khaybar.

Qays bin Abi Hazim (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: I heard Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) say: I remained in the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for three years.

Al-Humaydi (may Allah have mercy on him), while mentioning this issue, said that the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) is to be understood as referring to deliberate speech. If someone says: What indicates that, when its apparent meaning covers deliberate speech, forgetfulness and ignorance? We will reply: You speak the truth; that is its apparent meaning. However, Ibn Mas'ud's (may Allah be pleased with him) return from the land of Abyssinia took place before Badr, and after this statement he took part in Badr with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was at Khaybar, and he accepted Islam three years before the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he was present at the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the saying of Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him). We found that Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) was present on another occasion at the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the saying of al-Khirbaq, and Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) also accepted Islam after Badr. About Mu'awiyah bin Hudayj (may Allah be pleased with him) we have found that the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the incident of Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) took place in his presence, and Mu'awiyah bin Hudayj (may Allah be pleased with him) became a Muslim only two months before the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). We found Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) declaring the action of Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) to be correct, and also stating that this is the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) was about ten years old at the time of the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). We also found that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated it, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him permission (to take part in battle) on the day of al-Khandaq, after Badr. So we came to know that the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) is specific to deliberate speech, not forgetfulness; and if that hadith had at that time applied to both forgetfulness and deliberate speech, these later prayers of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would abrogate it, because they came after it.

Al-Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Mu'awiyah bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted Islam in the last period of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order him to repeat the prayer. Whoever speaks in prayer out of forgetfulness or ignorance, his prayer is still valid, and whoever speaks deliberately must start the prayer afresh. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated most of what we have related from others in the book Ikhtilaf al-Hadith, and what has been narrated to us from others on this matter supports his view.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Someone says: Is the Dhul-Yadayn from whom you narrate not the one who was martyred at Badr? I say: No! Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) named him al-Khirbaq and said: short-handed or long-handed, whereas the one martyred at Badr was Dhul-Shimalayn (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The one who was martyred at Badr was Dhul-Shimalayn bin Abd Amr bin Nadlah (may Allah be pleased with him), from Khuza'ah, an ally of Banu Zuhrah. Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned it in this way.

(a) Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that among those who took part in Badr with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was Dhul-Shimalayn bin Abd Amr bin Nadlah bin Ghubshan (may Allah be pleased with him), from the tribe of Khuza'ah; and among the Muslims who were martyred on the day of Badr were two men of Banu Zuhrah bin Kilab: one of them Umayr bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), and the other Dhul-Shimalayn bin Abd Amr bin Nadlah (may Allah be pleased with him), their ally from Khuza'ah, of Banu Ghubshan. Musa bin Uqbah said the same in his Maghazi, as did Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar; Muhammad said: He left no descendants.
(b) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him), who informed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) of his forgetfulness, he remained alive after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Our Shaykh Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned it in this way.

Shu'ayth said to his father Mutayr: O my respected father! You told me that Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him) met you at Dhu Khashab and informed you that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in one of the prayers after the sun has passed its zenith, and it was the Asr prayer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the salam after two rak'ahs. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, and Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) also set off behind him. The hasty people went out, and Dhul-Yadayn, Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) caught up with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Has the prayer been shortened, or have you forgotten? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Neither has the prayer been shortened, nor have I forgotten." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "What is Dhul-Yadayn saying?" They both said: O Messenger of Allah! He is telling the truth. He (peace and blessings be upon him) turned back, and the people had dispersed; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led two rak'ahs and then performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness.

Ma'di bin Sulayman narrates that Shu'ayth bin Mutayr narrated this hadith to us from his father, and that his father Mutayr was present when he narrated this hadith to me, and that he said to his father: "O dear father! You narrated to me that Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him) met you at the place Dhu Khashab and narrated to you that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in one of the prayers after the sun has passed its zenith; it was the Asr prayer, and he gave the salam after praying two rak'ahs." Then he mentioned the complete hadith. In it there is also that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) afterwards led them in two rak'ahs, then gave the salam, then performed the prostrations of forgetfulness.
Some narrators relate in the hadith of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Dhul-Shimalayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah! Has the prayer been shortened, or have you forgotten?" The two Shaykhs of the two Sahihs, al-Bukhari and Muslim (may Allah have mercy on them), did not declare authentic those narrations in which this error is evident, and our Shaykh Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz (may Allah have mercy on him) used to say: "Whoever says this has made a mistake."
For Dhul-Shimalayn (may Allah be pleased with him) died earlier, he left no descendants, and there is no one who narrates from him.

Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id bin al-Mu'alla (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in the mosque and I was praying, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) called me. After finishing the prayer I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What prevented you from coming when I called you? Have you not heard this saying of Allah Almighty: 'O you who believe! Respond to Allah and the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life' [Surah al-Anfal: 24]? I will surely teach you the greatest surah in the Qur'an before I leave the mosque." I kept walking along with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until we were about to reach the door, and I said to myself that he (peace and blessings be upon him) must have forgotten, so I reminded him (peace and blessings be upon him). I said: "O Messenger of Allah! You said such and such." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "'All praise is for Allah, the Lord of all the worlds' [Surah al-Fatihah: 2]: it is the Seven Oft-Repeated (verses) and the Great Qur'an which I have been given."

(a) The same hadith is reported through another chain, but in it the wording is as follows: "He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I called you but you did not answer me. He said: I was praying," that is, he narrated it with the same meaning.
(b) In this there is evidence that the Companions' (may Allah be pleased with them) answering the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked them about Dhul-Yadayn (may Allah be pleased with him), "What is he saying?", did not invalidate their prayer, because it has been narrated to us from Hammad bin Zayd that he said in this story that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) gestured.