The occasion of revelation of the verse "Do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated"

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man from the Ansar invited us (to a meal) before wine was prohibited. Then the time of the Maghrib prayer came, and a man stepped forward (to lead the prayer) and recited Surah "Say: O disbelievers", and he became confused (and mixed it up). Then this verse was revealed: "Do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated, until you know what you are saying" [Surah an-Nisa: 43].
This hadith has an authentic (sahih) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it. There is a great benefit in this hadith: the Khawarij attribute this intoxication and this (mistaken) recitation to the Commander of the Believers, Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), alone, whereas Allah has cleared him of it, for he himself is the narrator of this hadith (and here he is mentioning some other person).

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Abdur-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) and some of his companions came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Makkah and said: "O Prophet of Allah! When we were idolaters we were held in honour, but when we believed we became (outwardly) humiliated and disgraced!" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded (for now) to pardon, so do not fight, and keep (your hands) restrained." Then (after the emigration to Madinah) Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Have you not seen those who were told: Restrain your hands, establish the prayer and give the zakah? Then when fighting was prescribed for them, at once a party of them feared the people" [Surah an-Nisa: 77].
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Bukhari, but the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "And if he was from a people hostile to you while he was a believer, then (the penalty is) the freeing of a believing slave" that he said: "It used to happen that a man would come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and accept Islam, then return to his people while they were idolaters. Then in some detachment or battle of the Muslims he would be killed by mistake (at the hands of the Muslims), so it was obligatory upon (the one who killed him) to free a believing slave. And (likewise): 'And if he was from a people between whom and you there is a treaty, then blood money is to be handed over to his family and a believing slave is to be freed' [Surah an-Nisa: 92]." He said: "(This means that) the man himself is under a treaty and his people are also people of a treaty, so his blood money is handed over to them, and the one who killed him frees a slave."
This hadith has an authentic (sahih) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "If you are troubled by rain or you are sick" [Surah an-Nisa: 102] that he said: This verse was revealed concerning Sayyiduna Abdur-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), because he was wounded.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but they did not record it.

It is narrated from Abu al-Muhallab that he said: I set out on a journey to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) to ask about this saying of Allah Almighty: "(Success) is not by your wishes, nor by the wishes of the People of the Book; whoever does evil will be recompensed for it" [Surah an-Nisa: 123]. She said: "It refers to the (hardships and afflictions) that befall you in this world."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan women" [Surah an-Nisa: 127] that it refers to the rulings of inheritance mentioned at the beginning of this surah, because (in the days of ignorance) people would not make a child an heir until he reached puberty.
This hadith has an authentic (sahih) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.