Praying in a single garment or more

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed in a single garment which he had wrapped around himself (tawshih), and with its extra portion he was protecting himself from the heat or the cold of the ground.
Imam Ahmad recorded this narration. In a narration of his the wording is: "He had no garment on his body other than it." He recorded this narration with several chains, some of which will be mentioned later; all these narrations establish that the prayer was offered in a single garment. Imam Ahmad, Imam Abu Ya'la and Imam al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat recorded this narration; the narrators of Imam Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abdullah bin al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi (may Allah be pleased with him) states: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praying in a single garment in the house of his honoured wife, Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), and he had no other garment on his body besides it.
Imam Ahmad recorded this narration, and mentioned that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had crossed the two ends of that garment over opposite sides; he mentioned this in another narration. The narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praying in a single garment, which he had placed over his body crosswise.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; among its various chains, one contains a narrator, Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad, who is da'if (weak).
Al-Bazzar also recorded it through this chain, but he said that it is narrated from Abdullah bin Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah, and that is what is well known. In the other chain there is a narrator, Muhammad bin Ishaq, who is thiqah (trustworthy) but a mudallis (one who conceals defects in the chain), and he narrated this with 'an'anah (using "from"). Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred at the Battle of Ta'if while taking part alongside the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The chain mentions that Urwah bin al-Zubayr heard this narration from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him), whereas Imam Ibn Abd al-Barr pointed out the error of Imam Muslim in mentioning that Urwah narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Ibn Abd al-Barr says: The one from whom Urwah narrated is Abdullah, the son of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Ibn Abd al-Barr says: In my view, his being a Companion is not authentically established, because he was young.

Sayyidah Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: I saw my father praying in a single garment, so I asked: O my dear father! Are you praying in a single garment while your other clothes are lying there? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O my daughter! The last prayer that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed behind me, he performed in a single garment.
Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, al-Waqidi, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was told this by someone who saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praying in a single garment; he (peace and blessings be upon him) had placed its two ends crosswise. I say: Through Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), a hadith is narrated in the "Sahih" which is reported from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him).
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Ibn Lahi'ah, about whom there is criticism.

Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I spent a night at the house of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and began to pray; part of a quilt was over him and part of it was over Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her), who was menstruating and was not praying.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Abu Salamah bin Abd al-Rahman narrates: I was told this by a Companion who saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praying in a single garment; he had placed its two ends over his body crosswise.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Abu Nadrah narrates: Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Praying in a single garment is a Sunnah; we used to do so with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and no objection was made against us. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: That was only when clothes were scarce; when Allah Almighty has granted ample means, praying in two garments is purer.
Abdullah recorded it in his Zawa'id, and al-Tabarani recorded something similar in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, which Zirr narrated from them as mawquf (a Companion's own statement). The narrator Abu Nadrah did not hear from Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him), nor did he hear from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him).

Muhammad bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he heard Sayyidah Umm Habibah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praying, and at that time he had a single garment on him.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Umm al-Fadl bint al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer in his house, having wrapped a single garment around himself in the manner of tawshih (crosswise over the shoulders).
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed in a single garment which he had wrapped around himself in the manner of tawshih.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; both of them narrated it from Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) through his son.

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed in a single garment whose ends he had placed crosswise.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Bazzar recorded something similar; its narrators have been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: During the illness in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, he came out leaning on Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him), wrapped in a cotton garment, and he led the people in prayer.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I visited Sayyidah Umm Habibah (may Allah be pleased with her), the honoured wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) standing and praying in a single garment whose ends he had placed crosswise. I asked: O Umm Habibah! Does the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pray in a single garment? She said: Yes! And it is the very garment in which he also does that act. Sayyidah Umm Habibah (may Allah be pleased with her) meant that he would have marital relations in that garment.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir in abridged form (with these words): "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray in a single garment." The chain of Abu Ya'la is hasan (good).

Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was praying when he felt the cold, so he said: O Aishah! Put your wrap over me as well. She said: I am menstruating. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: An excuse and stinginess! Your menstruation is not in your hand.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its chain is hasan (good). (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Imam Abu Dawud recorded a narration from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was praying in a single garment, part of which was over me. Imam Muslim recorded this narration: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was praying at night and I was by his side; I was menstruating, and part of my wrap was over me and part of it was over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was praying in a single garment. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: I stood on the left side of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned me around and placed me on his right side.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its chain is extremely da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Juhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a man praying who had let his garment hang down in the manner of sadl. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came near him and wrapped it around him.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in all three of his books, and al-Bazzar also recorded it; it is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer having wrapped a garment around himself in the manner of tawshih; its two ends did not reach, so he tied them.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a person whose biography I have not been able to find.

Abu Abd al-Rahman, the one who brought up Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her), narrates: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) praying in a single garment, half of which was over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and half over Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a narrator, Dirar bin Surad Abu Nu'aym, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out to us, having wrapped a cotton garment around himself in the manner of tawshih. In his blessed hand was a short spear, and he was leaning on Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him). He planted that spear in front of himself and then prayed facing it.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain is hasan (good).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying in the posture of ihtiba', with his buttons undone.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin al-Fadl bin Atiyyah, whose weakness is agreed upon.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you pray, raise the hems of your garments, for whatever part of your hems touches the ground will go into the Fire."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains a narrator, Isa bin Qirtas, who is extremely da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about praying in a single garment. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If it is wide, let him wrap it around himself, and if it falls short, let him tie it as a lower wrap (izar).
Al-Tabarani recorded it; the narrator Ishaq bin Yahya did not live in the time of Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him).

Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed in a single garment which he was wearing as a lower wrap (izar).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir from Muhammad bin Subayh, from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), and I have not seen anyone mention him (that is, Muhammad bin Subayh).

Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer in a sheet whose ends he had placed crosswise.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains a narrator, Musa bin Umayr, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Unays (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying, and I stood on his left side. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took hold of me and made me stand on his right side. On my body was a torn garment that did not cover me; every time I went into prostration I would hold it with my hand, fearing that my private parts would be exposed, and there were women behind me. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) completed the prayer, he sent for a garment for me and gave it to me to wear, and he said: Wear it as a shirt over your torn garment.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators have been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Sarjis (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: One day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed while wearing a wrap. He said to a man among his Companions: Give me your wrap and take my wrap. The man said: O Messenger of Allah! Your wrap is finer than mine. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes! But it has a red border, and I fear that if I look at it, it may become a trial for me in my prayer.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Qays bin Abi Hazim narrates: I saw Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) leading the people in prayer in the army, wearing a single garment.
Abu Ya'la and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir recorded it, and its chain is da'if (weak).

Asim bin Kulayb narrates from his father the statement of his maternal uncle: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in winter and found the people praying in hooded cloaks and wraps, with their hands inside the wraps.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators have been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When any of you prays, let him wear two garments, for Allah Almighty is most deserving that one adorns oneself for Him." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Imam Abu Dawud recorded this narration, but he did not record these words: "Allah Almighty is more deserving that one adorns oneself for Him."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its chain is hasan (good).

Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) reports this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "When your garment is tight (that is, short), use it as a lower wrap (izar), and when it is wide, wrap it around your whole body (ishtimal)." The narrator says: "That is, do this during prayer."
Al-Bazzar recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abi Farwah, who is da'if (weak).