السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: كيفية المقاسمة بين الجد والإخوة والأخوات
How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " قَضَى أَنَّ الْجَدَّ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ مَا كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَالِ، فَإِنْ كَثُرَتِ الْإِخْوَةُ أُعْطِيَ الْجَدُّ الثُّلُثَ، وَكَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَقِيَ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ} [النساء: ١١] الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَقَضَى أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ ذُكُورِهِمْ وَإِنَاثِهِمْ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ يُقَاسِمُونَ الْجَدَّ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ ⦗٤٠٧⦘ فَيَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مَعَ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأَبِ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَى بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ فَرَائِضِ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١] ".
Qabisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that the grandfather shares with the full brothers and the paternal brothers as long as sharing is better for him than a third of the wealth. If the brothers are many, the grandfather is given a third and the remainder goes to the brothers according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. He also ruled that the full siblings, male and female, are more entitled than the paternal siblings, except that the paternal brothers are counted with the full siblings in sharing against the grandfather, and (their portion) is then returned to the full siblings.
The paternal siblings get nothing alongside the full siblings, except that the paternal brothers are counted for the benefit of the full sisters. If anything remains after the full sisters are given their shares, it goes to the paternal brothers according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11].
The paternal siblings get nothing alongside the full siblings, except that the paternal brothers are counted for the benefit of the full sisters. If anything remains after the full sisters are given their shares, it goes to the paternal brothers according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو طَاهِرٍ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ: أَخَذَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةَ مِنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَمِنْ كُبَرَاءِ آلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: " بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، لِعَبْدِ اللهِ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ "، فَذَكَرَ الرِّسَالَةَ بِطُولِهَا، وَفِيهَا: " إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَحْوِ قَسْمِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَعْنِي عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، إِذَا كَانَ أَخًا وَاحِدًا ذَكَرًا مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَسَمَ مَا وَرِثَا بَيْنَهُمَا شَطْرَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أُخْتٌ وَاحِدَةٌ قَسَمَ لَهَا الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَسَمَ لَهُمَا الشَّطْرَ وَلِلْجَدِّ الشَّطْرَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أَخَوَانِ فَإِنَّهُ يَقْسِمُ لِلْجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَهُ حَسِبْتُ يُنْقِصُ الْجَدَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ مَا خَلَصَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَخِيهِمْ بَعْدَ الْجَدِّ فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ هُمْ أَوْلَى بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللهُ لَهُمْ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّةِ، فَلِذَلِكَ حَسِبْتُ نَحْوًا مِنَ الَّذِي كَانَ عُمَرُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُوَرِّثُ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الَّذِينَ لَيْسُوا مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا "، قَالَ: " ثُمَّ حَسِبْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ نَحْوَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ ".
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad said: Abu al-Zinad took this letter from Kharijah bin Zayd and from the elders of the family of Zayd bin Thabit: 'Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). To the servant of Allah, Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), Commander of the Believers, from Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him). He mentioned it in full and what was in it: I saw how the Commander of the Believers Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) divided between the grandfather and the paternal brothers. When there is one brother with the grandfather, the inheritance is divided between the two of them in two halves. If there is one sister with the grandfather, the sister gets a third; and if there are two sisters with the grandfather, the two of them get a half and the grandfather a half. If there are two brothers with the grandfather, the grandfather gets a third; and if the brothers are more, I do not think he reduced the grandfather below a third at all. Then whatever is left for the brothers of their brother's inheritance after the grandfather goes to the full siblings, according to what Allah has prescribed for them, to the exclusion of the paternal siblings. This is how Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divided between the grandfather and the paternal brothers, and he did not make the maternal brothers heirs (alongside the grandfather). Then I reckoned that Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also divided between the grandfather and the brothers in the same way as I have written to you.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْجَدِّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: " إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ إِلِيَّ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْجَدِّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْضِي فِيهِ إِلَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ، يَعْنِي الْخُلَفَاءَ، وَقَدْ حَضَرْتُ الْخَلِيفَتَيْنِ قَبْلَكَ يُعْطِيَانِهِ النِّصْفَ مَعَ الْأَخِ الْوَاحِدِ، وَالثُّلُثَ مَعَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَثُرَ الْإِخْوَةُ لَمْ يُنْقِصَاهُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ ".
Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him about the grandfather. Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: You have asked me about the grandfather, and Allah knows best. This is a matter on which only the caliphs used to give judgement. I was present with the two caliphs before you; they both gave the grandfather a half with one brother and a third with two brothers, and if the brothers were more, they did not reduce him below a third.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، أنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُعْطِي الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ الثُّلُثَ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُعْطِيهِ السُّدُسَ، وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: " إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ نَكُونَ قَدْ أَجْحَفْنَا بِالْجَدِّ فَأَعْطِهِ ⦗٤٠٨⦘ الثُّلُثَ "، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ هَا هُنَا أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ. فَقَالَ عَبِيدَةُ: فَرَأْيُهُمَا فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِ أَحَدِهِمَا فِي الْفُرْقَةِ.
Abidah al-Salmani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give the grandfather a third alongside the brothers, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give him a sixth. Then Umar wrote to Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both): "We fear that we have been unfair to the grandfather, so give him a third." When Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came here, he gave him a sixth. Abidah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The opinion of the two of them in agreement is dearer to me than the opinion of either one of them in disagreement.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ " يُعْطِي الْجَدَّ الثُّلُثَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى السُّدُسِ، وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ كَانَ يُعْطِيهِ السُّدُسَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ ".
Ubayd bin Nadlah said that Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give the grandfather a third, then he began giving a sixth; and Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give a sixth at first, then he came to a third.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ يُقَاسِمَانِ بِالْجَدِّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ السُّدُسُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ مُقَاسَمَتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ: " مَا أُرَانَا إِلَّا قَدْ أَجْحَفْنَا بِالْجَدِّ، فَإِذَا جَاءَكَ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَقَاسِمْ بِهِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ مُقَاسَمَتِهِمْ "، فَأَخَذَ بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللهِ.
Ubayd bin Nadlah said: Umar and Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to have the grandfather share with the brothers as long as a sixth was not better for him than sharing with them. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Abdullah: "I can only see that we have been unfair to the grandfather. When this letter of mine reaches you, have him share with the brothers as long as a third is not better for him than sharing with them." So Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) acted upon that.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَجَدٍّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: " اجْعَلْهُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ، وَامْحُ كِتَابِي ".
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him about six brothers and a grandfather. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: Treat him as though he were one of them, and erase my letter.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ فِي سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَجَدٍّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَنْ أَعْطِهِ سُبْعَ الْمَالِ ".
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote from Basrah to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about (a case of) six brothers and a grandfather, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: Give him a seventh of the wealth.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ الْجَدَّ أَخًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ سَادِسًا ".
Abdullah bin Salamah narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he used to treat the grandfather as a brother until he was the sixth of them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " كَانَ يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ إِلَى سِتَّةٍ هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ، فَإِذَا كَثُرُوا أَعْطَاهُ السُّدْسَ، وَيُعْطِي كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ، وَلَا ⦗٤٠٩⦘ يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ، وَلَا يُقَاسِمُ بِأَخٍ لِأَبٍ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى السُّدُسِ، إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ غَيْرُهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ أَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ النِّصْفَ، وَجَعَلَ النِّصْفَ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْأَخِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ: لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمٌ ".
It is narrated from Ibrahim that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to make the grandfather share with the brothers up to six, with him as the sixth of them; when they were more, he gave the grandfather a sixth. He gave every holder of a fixed share his share. He did not make a maternal brother or maternal sister inherit alongside the grandfather, nor did he count a paternal brother in sharing against a full brother. He did not give the grandfather more than a sixth alongside children, unless there was no one else. When there was a full sister, a paternal brother and a grandfather, he gave the sister a half and the other half to the grandfather and the brother. When there was a full sister, a paternal brother, a paternal sister and a grandfather, he made it ten shares: a half, that is five, to the full sister, two shares to the grandfather, two shares to the paternal brother and one share to the paternal sister.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ " يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَيُعْطِي كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ، وَلَا يُقَاسِمُ بِأَخٍ لِأَبٍ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ ابْنَ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ أَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ، وَلَا يُعْطِي الْأَخَ شَيْئًا، وَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ وَجَدٌّ وَمَنْ لَهُ مَعَهُمْ فَرِيضَةٌ أَعْطَى كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثُ مَا يَبْقَى خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ قَاسَمَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ سُدُسُ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ سُدُسِ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ قَاسَمَ ".
It is narrated from Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to make the grandfather share with the brothers down to a third. If a third was better for him (than sharing), he gave him a third. He gave every holder of a fixed share his share. He did not make a maternal brother or sister inherit alongside the grandfather, nor did he count a paternal brother in sharing against a full brother, nor did he make a nephew inherit alongside the grandfather. When there was a full sister, a paternal brother and a grandfather, he gave the full sister a half and the grandfather a half, and gave the brother nothing. When there were brothers, sisters and a grandfather, he gave every holder of a fixed share his share; then if a third of the remainder was better for him than sharing, he gave him a third of the remainder, and if sharing was better for him, he shared. If a sixth of the whole estate was better for him than sharing, he gave him a sixth, and if sharing was better for him than a sixth, he shared.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ مَا بَقِيَ، وَكَذَا قَالَ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتَيْنِ وَجَدٍّ، وَفِي ابْنَةٍ وَأَخَوَاتٍ وَجَدٍّ ".
It is reported from Ibrahim and al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on them both) that, regarding a daughter, a sister and a grandfather, according to the view of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) the daughter gets a half, the grandfather a sixth and the sister the remainder. He said the same regarding a daughter, two sisters and a grandfather, and regarding a daughter, several sisters and a grandfather.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ، قَالَ: " مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَمِنْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ أَرْبَعَةٌ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلْأُخْتَيْنِ سَهْمٌ سَهْمٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ ثَلَاثُ أَخَوَاتٍ فَمِنْ عَشَرَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ خَمْسَةٌ، وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ، وَهُوَ خُمُسُ مَا بَقِيَ، وَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ سَهْمٌ سَهْمٌ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding a daughter, a sister and a grandfather: It is from four shares: a half, that is two shares, for the daughter, one share for the grandfather and one share for the sister. If there are two sisters, then from eight: a half, that is four shares, for the daughter, two shares for the grandfather and one share each for the two sisters. If there are three sisters, then from ten: a half, that is five, for the daughter, two shares for the grandfather, and the remaining three shares one each for the three sisters.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ " كَانَ يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الثُّلُثَ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَكَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ مَا بَقِيَ، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا، وَلَا ⦗٤١٠⦘ يُقَاسِمُ بِهِمْ، وَكَانَ يُقَاسِمُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَلَا يُوَرِّثُهُمْ شَيْئًا، وَإِذَا كَانَ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ، وَإِذَا كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَإِنْ زَادُوا أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَمَا بَقِيَ كَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهَا الثُّلُثَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتَانِ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُمَا النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَبْلُغْنَ خُمُسًا، فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ خُمُسًا أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِنْ لَحِقَتْ فَرَائِضُ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ زَوْجٍ أَوْ أُمٍّ أَعْطَى أَهْلَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، وَمَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ الْإِخْوَةَ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ مَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ سُدُسُ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ سُدُسِ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ قَاسَمَ. وَفِي الْأَكْدَرِيَّةِ إِذَا كَانَ زَوْجٌ وَأُمٌّ وَأُخْتٌ وَجَدٌّ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ فَكَانَ مِنْ سَبْعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَأَعْطَى الزَّوْجَ تِسْعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُمَّ سِتَّةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ ".
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) related that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) used to make the grandfather share with the brothers and sisters down to a third; when (his portion) reached a third, he gave him a third, and the remainder went to the brothers and sisters. He did not make a maternal brother or maternal sister inherit anything alongside the grandfather, nor did he count them in the sharing. He counted the paternal brothers along with the full brothers in the sharing but did not let them inherit anything. When there was a full brother and a grandfather, he gave each of them a half. When there were two brothers and a grandfather, he gave him a third, and when the brothers were more, he gave the grandfather a third and the remainder to the brothers. When there was a sister and a grandfather, he gave the sister a third and the grandfather two thirds. When there were two sisters and a grandfather, he gave the two sisters a half and the grandfather a half, and so it remained until there were five sisters; when they reached five, he gave the grandfather a third and the remainder to the sisters. If the shares of a wife, a husband or a mother were added (to these), he gave each holder of a fixed share his share and divided the remainder among the brothers and sisters. If a third (of the remainder) was better for him (the grandfather) than sharing, he gave him a third; if sharing was better for him than a third, he shared. If a sixth of the whole estate was better for him than sharing, he gave him a sixth, and if sharing was better than a sixth, he shared. In al-Akdariyyah, when there is a husband, a mother, a sister and a grandfather, he made the case from nine, then multiplied nine by three, which made twenty-seven. He gave the husband nine shares, the mother six shares, the grandfather eight shares and the sister four shares.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ح وَأنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، وَأنا أَبُو يَعْلَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: " وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُم يُخَلَّفُونَ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْظُرُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ وَلِلْإِخْوَةِ، أَمْ يَكُونُ أَخًا وَيُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ فِيمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَارِغًا؟ فَأِيُّ ذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ، وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَكُونُ قَسْمُتهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوِفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَجَدَّهَا وَأُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا، فَيُفْرَضُ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ وَنِصْفُ الْأُخْتِ فَيُقَسَّمُ أَثْلَاثًا، لِلْجَدِّ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ الثُّلُثُ، وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأُمٍّ وأب كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ سَوَاءً، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخِوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ، فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهِمْ، فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَمَا حَصَّلَ للْإِخْوَةُ بَعْدَ حَظِّ ⦗٤١١⦘ الْجَدِّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا، فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ نِصْفَ الْمَالِ كُلَّهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ ".
Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him) that the inheritance of the grandfather alongside the full brothers is as follows: they are set aside, and one begins with whoever among the holders of fixed shares shares with them, and he is given his share. Whatever then remains for the grandfather and the brothers is examined and calculated: which is best for the grandfather's portion: a third of what accrues to him and the brothers, or that he be treated as a brother and share with the brothers in what accrues to them and him, according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11], or a sixth of the whole estate outright? Whichever of these is best for the grandfather's portion is given to him. Whatever remains after that is divided among the full brothers according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11], except in one case in which their division is otherwise: a woman dies and leaves her husband, her mother, her grandfather and her paternal sister. The husband is assigned a half, the mother a third, the grandfather a sixth and the sister a half. Then the grandfather's sixth and the sister's half are combined and divided into three: the grandfather gets two thirds of it and the sister a third. The inheritance of the paternal brothers alongside the grandfather, when there are no full brothers with them, is like the inheritance of the full brothers, male for male and female for female. When full brothers and paternal brothers are together, the full siblings count the paternal siblings against the grandfather, and by them they keep him from a larger share of the inheritance. Whatever the brothers obtain after the grandfather's portion belongs specifically to the full siblings, not to the paternal siblings, and the paternal siblings get nothing of it, unless the full siblings are only one woman. If she is one woman, she counts the paternal siblings, however many they are, against the grandfather, and whatever accrues to her and to them is hers rather than theirs, up to the point at which she completes half of the whole estate. If what is obtained for her and for them exceeds half of the whole estate, that excess is divided among the paternal siblings according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. If nothing is left over, they get nothing.
