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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: كيفية المقاسمة بين الجد والإخوة والأخوات
Chapter: How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
Bayhaqi 12446 — How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ح وَأنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، وَأنا أَبُو يَعْلَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: " وَمِيرَاثُ الْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُم يُخَلَّفُونَ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْظُرُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ وَلِلْإِخْوَةِ، أَمْ يَكُونُ أَخًا وَيُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ فِيمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَارِغًا؟ فَأِيُّ ذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ، وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَكُونُ قَسْمُتهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوِفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَجَدَّهَا وَأُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا، فَيُفْرَضُ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ وَنِصْفُ الْأُخْتِ فَيُقَسَّمُ أَثْلَاثًا، لِلْجَدِّ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ الثُّلُثُ، وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأُمٍّ وأب كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ سَوَاءً، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخِوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ، فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهِمْ، فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ، فَمَا حَصَّلَ للْإِخْوَةُ بَعْدَ حَظِّ ⦗٤١١⦘ الْجَدِّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا، فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ نِصْفَ الْمَالِ كُلَّهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ ".
Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him) that the inheritance of the grandfather alongside the full brothers is as follows: they are set aside, and one begins with whoever among the holders of fixed shares shares with them, and he is given his share. Whatever then remains for the grandfather and the brothers is examined and calculated: which is best for the grandfather's portion: a third of what accrues to him and the brothers, or that he be treated as a brother and share with the brothers in what accrues to them and him, according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11], or a sixth of the whole estate outright? Whichever of these is best for the grandfather's portion is given to him. Whatever remains after that is divided among the full brothers according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11], except in one case in which their division is otherwise: a woman dies and leaves her husband, her mother, her grandfather and her paternal sister. The husband is assigned a half, the mother a third, the grandfather a sixth and the sister a half. Then the grandfather's sixth and the sister's half are combined and divided into three: the grandfather gets two thirds of it and the sister a third. The inheritance of the paternal brothers alongside the grandfather, when there are no full brothers with them, is like the inheritance of the full brothers, male for male and female for female. When full brothers and paternal brothers are together, the full siblings count the paternal siblings against the grandfather, and by them they keep him from a larger share of the inheritance. Whatever the brothers obtain after the grandfather's portion belongs specifically to the full siblings, not to the paternal siblings, and the paternal siblings get nothing of it, unless the full siblings are only one woman. If she is one woman, she counts the paternal siblings, however many they are, against the grandfather, and whatever accrues to her and to them is hers rather than theirs, up to the point at which she completes half of the whole estate. If what is obtained for her and for them exceeds half of the whole estate, that excess is divided among the paternal siblings according to "For the male, the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. If nothing is left over, they get nothing.
