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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: كيفية المقاسمة بين الجد والإخوة والأخوات
Chapter: How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
Bayhaqi 12445 — How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ " كَانَ يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الثُّلُثَ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَكَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ مَا بَقِيَ، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا، وَلَا ⦗٤١٠⦘ يُقَاسِمُ بِهِمْ، وَكَانَ يُقَاسِمُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَلَا يُوَرِّثُهُمْ شَيْئًا، وَإِذَا كَانَ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُ النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ، وَإِذَا كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَإِنْ زَادُوا أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَمَا بَقِيَ كَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهَا الثُّلُثَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتَانِ وَجَدٌّ أَعْطَاهُمَا النِّصْفَ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَبْلُغْنَ خُمُسًا، فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ خُمُسًا أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِنْ لَحِقَتْ فَرَائِضُ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ زَوْجٍ أَوْ أُمٍّ أَعْطَى أَهْلَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، وَمَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ الْإِخْوَةَ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ مَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ سُدُسُ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ سُدُسِ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ قَاسَمَ. وَفِي الْأَكْدَرِيَّةِ إِذَا كَانَ زَوْجٌ وَأُمٌّ وَأُخْتٌ وَجَدٌّ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ فَكَانَ مِنْ سَبْعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَأَعْطَى الزَّوْجَ تِسْعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُمَّ سِتَّةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَسْهُمٍ، وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ ".
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) related that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) used to make the grandfather share with the brothers and sisters down to a third; when (his portion) reached a third, he gave him a third, and the remainder went to the brothers and sisters. He did not make a maternal brother or maternal sister inherit anything alongside the grandfather, nor did he count them in the sharing. He counted the paternal brothers along with the full brothers in the sharing but did not let them inherit anything. When there was a full brother and a grandfather, he gave each of them a half. When there were two brothers and a grandfather, he gave him a third, and when the brothers were more, he gave the grandfather a third and the remainder to the brothers. When there was a sister and a grandfather, he gave the sister a third and the grandfather two thirds. When there were two sisters and a grandfather, he gave the two sisters a half and the grandfather a half, and so it remained until there were five sisters; when they reached five, he gave the grandfather a third and the remainder to the sisters. If the shares of a wife, a husband or a mother were added (to these), he gave each holder of a fixed share his share and divided the remainder among the brothers and sisters. If a third (of the remainder) was better for him (the grandfather) than sharing, he gave him a third; if sharing was better for him than a third, he shared. If a sixth of the whole estate was better for him than sharing, he gave him a sixth, and if sharing was better than a sixth, he shared. In al-Akdariyyah, when there is a husband, a mother, a sister and a grandfather, he made the case from nine, then multiplied nine by three, which made twenty-seven. He gave the husband nine shares, the mother six shares, the grandfather eight shares and the sister four shares.
