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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: كيفية المقاسمة بين الجد والإخوة والأخوات
Chapter: How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
Bayhaqi 12433 — How the grandfather and the brothers and sisters share
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو طَاهِرٍ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ: أَخَذَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةَ مِنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَمِنْ كُبَرَاءِ آلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: " بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، لِعَبْدِ اللهِ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ "، فَذَكَرَ الرِّسَالَةَ بِطُولِهَا، وَفِيهَا: " إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَحْوِ قَسْمِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَعْنِي عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، إِذَا كَانَ أَخًا وَاحِدًا ذَكَرًا مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَسَمَ مَا وَرِثَا بَيْنَهُمَا شَطْرَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أُخْتٌ وَاحِدَةٌ قَسَمَ لَهَا الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَسَمَ لَهُمَا الشَّطْرَ وَلِلْجَدِّ الشَّطْرَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ أَخَوَانِ فَإِنَّهُ يَقْسِمُ لِلْجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَهُ حَسِبْتُ يُنْقِصُ الْجَدَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ مَا خَلَصَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَخِيهِمْ بَعْدَ الْجَدِّ فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ هُمْ أَوْلَى بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللهُ لَهُمْ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّةِ، فَلِذَلِكَ حَسِبْتُ نَحْوًا مِنَ الَّذِي كَانَ عُمَرُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُوَرِّثُ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الَّذِينَ لَيْسُوا مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا "، قَالَ: " ثُمَّ حَسِبْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ نَحْوَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ ".
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad said: Abu al-Zinad took this letter from Kharijah bin Zayd and from the elders of the family of Zayd bin Thabit: 'Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). To the servant of Allah, Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), Commander of the Believers, from Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him). He mentioned it in full and what was in it: I saw how the Commander of the Believers Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) divided between the grandfather and the paternal brothers. When there is one brother with the grandfather, the inheritance is divided between the two of them in two halves. If there is one sister with the grandfather, the sister gets a third; and if there are two sisters with the grandfather, the two of them get a half and the grandfather a half. If there are two brothers with the grandfather, the grandfather gets a third; and if the brothers are more, I do not think he reduced the grandfather below a third at all. Then whatever is left for the brothers of their brother's inheritance after the grandfather goes to the full siblings, according to what Allah has prescribed for them, to the exclusion of the paternal siblings. This is how Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divided between the grandfather and the paternal brothers, and he did not make the maternal brothers heirs (alongside the grandfather). Then I reckoned that Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also divided between the grandfather and the brothers in the same way as I have written to you.
