Kindness to parents

It is narrated from Taysalah bin Mayyas (may Allah have mercy on him): I was with the Najdat (a faction of the Khawarij); then he mentioned the complete hadith. He said: When Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) saw my fear and distress, he asked me: "Do you fear entering the Fire (Hell)?" I said: Yes. He asked: "Would you love to enter Paradise?" I said: Yes. Then he asked: "Is either of your parents alive?" I said: I have my mother with me. So he said: "By Allah, if you speak gently to her and feed her, you will certainly enter Paradise, provided that you keep away from the major sins that make Hell obligatory (al-mujibat)."
Imam Musaddad and Imam Ishaq bin Rahwayh both narrated this hadith through Isma'il bin Ulayyah.

It is narrated from Sayyidah Umm Ayman (may Allah be pleased with her) that she heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) giving advice to one of his household; he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And obey your parents, even if they command you to give up your property and possessions."
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) states that the one who was given this advice was Sayyiduna Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated this hadith with his chain.

Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The one who was given this advice was Sayyiduna Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him).
And Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated this hadith (with his chain) from Sa'id bin Abd al-Aziz.

Adi bin Adi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Adi bin Amirah, may Allah be pleased with him) that the Commander of the Faithful, Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), said: "Among those (words of revelation) that used to be recited, we used to read: 'Do not turn away from your true forefathers (that is, by denying your lineage and attributing yourselves to someone else), for (concealing or changing your real lineage) is kufr on your part (that is, grave ingratitude and misguidance).'"
Imam Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi narrated this hadith in his Musnad, and its basic content is also narrated in Sahih Bukhari (6778) and Sahih Muslim (1691).

It is narrated from al-Awwam bin Hawshab (may Allah have mercy on him) that he asked Imam Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him), the eminent Successor: "The iqamah for prayer is being called and (at that very moment) my father calls me (what is the ruling in such a case)?" Imam Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Answer your father (and respond to his call)."
Imam Musaddad (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded this athar in his Musnad; it indicates the extraordinary importance of kindness to parents and obeying them, in that answering a father's call, compared with waiting for the congregation or voluntary acts, is a highly commendable act in the Shari'ah.

It is narrated from Imam Makhul (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "When your mother calls you while you are in prayer, answer her; but if your father calls you, do not answer him until you have finished your prayer."
This athar explains the juristic preference regarding answering the call of parents during voluntary (nafl) prayer, in which the mother is given precedence over the father because of her higher status and right.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Any Muslim who begins his morning with his parents pleased and content with him, two gates of Paradise are opened for him; and if (only) one (of the parents is alive), then one gate. And any Muslim who begins his morning with his parents angry and displeased with him, two gates of Hell are opened for him; and if there is only one, then one gate."
In the narration of Imam Abu Ya'la there is this addition: A man said: O Messenger of Allah, even if they both wrong him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said three times: "Even if they both wrong him, even if they both wrong him, even if they both wrong him."
The chain of Abu Ya'la is hasan (good), and it has also been narrated mawquf (as the statement of the Companion).
According to the narration of Imam Musaddad, Sa'd bin Mas'ud (may Allah have mercy on him) said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): I am extremely eager for jihad, but all the people of my tribe have gone out to other cities or to jihad except my parents (or he said: except my family and my parents), or he said: My father dislikes this (my going). He looked at me and said: "Any man who has parents and begins his morning treating them well, a gate towards Paradise is opened for him; and if he reaches the evening while treating them well, two of the gates of Paradise are opened for him." The narrator said: I asked: Treating them well? He said: "Yes. And if there is only one of the parents and he begins his morning doing good to him, one of the gates of Paradise is opened for him. And as long as even one of them remains displeased with him, Allah Almighty will not be pleased with him until he (the father or mother) is pleased." I said: Even if he is wronging him? He said: "Even if he is wronging him."

It is narrated from an Ansari Companion (may Allah be pleased with him) that he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Indeed, my father has seized my wealth." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You and your wealth all belong to your father."
Ibn Abi Umar reported this narration through Waki' and Ibn Abi Layla from al-Sha'bi.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty increases a person's lifespan by virtue of his kindness and goodness to his father."
Al-Kalbi is matruk al-hadith (abandoned in hadith).

It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that one day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ascended the pulpit. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his blessed foot on the lowest step, he said: "Amin." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his blessed foot on the second step and said: "Amin." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his blessed foot on the third step and said: "Amin." When he (peace and blessings be upon him) completed the sermon and came down, the Companions said: O Messenger of Allah, why did you do such and such (today while ascending)? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When I placed my foot on the lowest step, Jibril (peace be upon him) came to me and said: 'O Muhammad, whoever found his parents or one of them (in their old age) and then was not forgiven (because of not serving and obeying them), so he died and entered the Fire, may Allah distance him (from His mercy). Say: Amin.' So I said: 'Amin.'"
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard a similar hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); Imam Abu Ya'la also reported a report of similar meaning from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) through Abu Salamah.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated the like of it from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
And Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated (with his chain) a report of similar meaning from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) through Abu Salamah.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Harmalah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and prayed with him (peace and blessings be upon him). When he (peace and blessings be upon him) finished the prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the faces of the people, but right after the prayer was performed he could barely make out the people's faces (because of the darkness). Then, when the time of departure drew near, I said: O Messenger of Allah, advise me." Then he mentioned the complete hadith. And (the narrator says): My father Ulaybah was exceedingly devoted to his father Harmalah. When they were at home, he would look for the most comfortable and soft place and seat his father there; at meals he would choose the meatiest and finest portion and present it to him; and when they were on a journey, he would look for the smoothest-paced and most comfortable camel among his mounts and seat his father on it. This was his kindness and goodness to his father.
The chain of this report contains Dirghamah bin Ulaybah and his father, regarding whose reliability the hadith scholars have spoken; however, this is a moving incident in the chapter of kindness to parents.

It is narrated from Imam Makhul (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "Kindness to parents and serving them is an expiation for major sins, and a person remains able to do good and act kindly as long as someone older than him remains in his family."
This report is mawquf, and the narrator who reports it from Makhul is da'if (weak).

It is narrated from Imam Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), with whom should I be most kind and dutiful?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "With your mother." He asked: Then who after that is most deserving? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "With your mother." He asked again: Then with whom? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then with your father." He asked again: Then who after that? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who is nearest to you in rank." He asked again: Then who? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "First the one who is closest, then the one who is next closest."
Imam al-Harith bin Abi Usamah narrated it in his Musnad (Bughyat al-Bahith: 821); in its chain Awn bin Umarah al-Basri is a da'if (weak) narrator, and this report is also mursal; however, its basic meaning is established by the sahih hadith of Sahih Bukhari (5971) and Sahih Muslim (2548).

It is narrated from Hisham bin Hassan that Sayyidah Hafsah bint Sirin (may Allah have mercy on her) related about her son Hudhayl bin Hafsah that in the summer season he would gather firewood and peel off its bark, and take reeds and split them. Sayyidah Hafsah said: Whenever I felt cold, he would bring a brazier and place it behind me while I was praying, even though he had servants who would have done this work had he wished; but he himself would burn that peeled wood and those split reeds so that the fuel kept me warm and its heat did not harm me. She said: Sometimes I intended to turn to him and say: "O my dear son, go back to your family," but then I would remember his good intention and spirit of service, so I would leave him as he was. He also used to go on jihad and perform Hajj. Once, when the time of Hajj came, he fell ill with fever; then, when he recovered somewhat, I did not know of it until he had called out the talbiyah for Hajj. I said: "O my son, it seems you feared that I might stop you; I would never have done so." He had a milch she-camel, and every morning he would send me a bowl of milk. I would say: "O my son, you know that I am fasting and will not drink this milk," and he would say: "O Umm Hudhayl, the best milk is that which has stayed overnight in the she-camel's udder; give it to drink to whomever you wish." Sayyidah Hafsah said: When he passed away, Allah Almighty granted me patience at his death as He willed, yet there remained in my chest a pang and a choking feeling that would not go away. One night I was praying and reciting Surah al-Nahl until I reached this verse: "And do not sell the covenant of Allah for a small price. Indeed, what is with Allah is better for you, if only you knew. Whatever you have will be exhausted, and what is with Allah will remain, and We will surely give those who were steadfast their reward according to the best of what they used to do." [Surah al-Nahl: 95-96]. She said: I repeated this verse over and over, and Allah Almighty removed all the grief and burden of heart that I had been feeling.
Imam al-Bayhaqi narrated this report in 'Shu'ab al-Iman' and Ibn Abi al-Dunya in 'al-Ta'azi', and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa'sa'ah (may Allah be pleased with him): I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, to whom should I be most kind and dutiful?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "To your mother, your father, your sister, your brother, then whoever is nearest to you (in kinship), then whoever is nearest after that."
Imam Abu Ya'la recorded this hadith in his Musnad; its chain contains Iqal bin Shabah and his father, regarding whose reliability there is criticism; however, its text is strengthened by supporting reports from other authentic and sahih hadith.

It is narrated from Abu Burdah bin Abi Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah have mercy on him): I came to Madinah, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to me and asked me: "Do you know why I have come to you?" I said: "No." He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever loves to maintain ties and show kindness to his father in his grave (after his death), let him show kindness to his father's brothers (that is, his friends and close companions) after him.' And indeed, between my father Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and your father there was a deep brotherhood and a bond of affection and love, so I wished to honour that relationship and tie."
Imam Ibn Hibban narrated it from Hudbah through the chain of al-Hasan bin Sufyan.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "I have an intense longing and desire for jihad, but I do not have the strength and ability for it." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is either of your parents still alive?" He said: "My mother (is alive)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then show Allah Almighty your best effort by serving her and treating her well, for if you do that and your mother is pleased with you, you will count as one who performs Hajj, one who performs Umrah, and one who strives in jihad in the path of Allah. So fear Allah and hold firmly to kindness to your mother."
Imam Abu Ya'la narrated this hadith in his Musnad, and its chain is hasan (good).

Sahl bin Mu'adh (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Anas al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever is kind and good to his parents, for him is 'tuba lahu' (glad tidings and blessedness), and Allah Almighty will bless and increase his lifespan."
The narrator named Zabban is da'if (weak).

It is narrated from Na'im (may Allah have mercy on him), the freed slave of Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) set out with the intention of Hajj, until, when he reached the road between Makkah and Madinah, he came to a particular tree that he recognised and sat in its shade. Then he said (recalling an earlier incident): I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (seated) under this very tree when suddenly a young man came from these mountain paths and came and stood before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have come so that I may strive in jihad in the path of Allah Almighty in your company, and by it I seek only the pleasure of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and the abode of the Hereafter." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "Are both your parents alive?" He said: "Yes." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then go back and treat them well." The narrator said: The young man (on hearing this) immediately turned back by the same path from which he had come.
The basic supporting reports of this hadith are in Sahih Bukhari [5972] and Sahih Muslim [2549], while this specific context is narrated with a hasan chain in Musnad Ahmad and other books of hadith.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Awf al-Muzani (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I was sitting in the gathering of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The ally of a people (that is, one who has a pact of friendship and cooperation with a tribe) is counted as one of them, and the sister's son of a people is also regarded as one of them."
In the chain of this report, the narrator named Kathir bin Abdullah is da'if (weak); however, supporting reports of this hadith exist in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, on account of which its original meaning is sahih and established.