المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
بَابُ القرض والترهيب مِنْ الاستدانة وَالتَّرْغِيبِ فِي الصبر عَلَى المعسر
Loans, warning against taking debts, and encouragement to be patient with one in hardship
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وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : لَا يُتْرَكُ مُفْرَحٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْ قَالَ : مُفْرَجٌ .
كَثِيرٌ ضَعِيفٌ ، وَالْمُرَادُ : لَا يُتْرَكُ ذُو دَيْنٍ إِلَّا قُضِيَ ، يُقَالُ : أَفْرَحَهُ الدَّيْنُ ، إِذَا أَثْقَلَهُ ، وَيُرْوَى بِالْجِيمِ أَيْضًا .
كَثِيرٌ ضَعِيفٌ ، وَالْمُرَادُ : لَا يُتْرَكُ ذُو دَيْنٍ إِلَّا قُضِيَ ، يُقَالُ : أَفْرَحَهُ الدَّيْنُ ، إِذَا أَثْقَلَهُ ، وَيُرْوَى بِالْجِيمِ أَيْضًا .
It is narrated from Kathir bin Abdullah bin Amr bin Awf, from his father, from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No one weighed down by a burden shall be left (helpless) in Islam," or he (peace and blessings be upon him) said (with doubt) the word "mufraj" (with jim). Kathir (the narrator) is da'if (weak), and what is meant by this saying is that no debtor will be left without his debt being paid. In Arabic it is said: "afrahahu al-dayn", meaning "the debt weighed him down", a phrase used when debt burdens a person heavily; and this word is also narrated with jim, that is, "mufraj".
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، ثَنَا الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ ، عَنْ جُرَيْجِ بْنِ صُوهِيٍّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : الْغَفْلَةُ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ فَذَكَرَهَا .
وَغَفْلَةُ الرَّجُلِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فِي الدَّيْنِ حَتَّى يَرْكَبَهُ .
وَغَفْلَةُ الرَّجُلِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فِي الدَّيْنِ حَتَّى يَرْكَبَهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Heedlessness is in three things," then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned them, (among which is) "a man's being so heedless about himself in the matter of debt that the debt overwhelms him."
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ ، ثَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تُوُفِّيَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَتَرَكَ دِينَارَيْنِ دَيْنًا عَلَيْهِ ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ : صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ! ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - وَقَالَ : أَنَا أَقْضِي عَنْهُ . فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ .
1444 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ .
1444 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ .
It is narrated from Abu Utbah that he heard Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) mention that a man died in the blessed time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), owing a debt of two dinars, with no means of repaying it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to lead his funeral prayer and said: "Pray the funeral prayer over your companion!" Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: "I will pay it off on his behalf." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and led his funeral prayer. In another narration, Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) is not mentioned by name.
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْوَصَّافِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطِيَّةُ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ : حَضَرْتُ جِنَازَةً فِيهَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا وُضِعَتْ سَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : أَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ .
فَعَدَلَ عَنْهَا ، وَقَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ! ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَفَا ، قَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ، بَرِئَ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ ، أَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِمَا عَلَيْهِ . فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا عَلِيُّ ، جَزَاكَ اللهُ وَالْإِسْلَامُ خَيْرًا ، فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، كَمَا فَكَكْتَ رِهَانَ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ . لَيْسَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَقْضِي عَنْ أَخِيهِ دَيْنَهُ إِلَّا فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، أَلِعَلِيٍّ خَاصَّةً ؟ قَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَا ، بَلْ لِعَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .
فَعَدَلَ عَنْهَا ، وَقَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ! ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَفَا ، قَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ، بَرِئَ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ ، أَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِمَا عَلَيْهِ . فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا عَلِيُّ ، جَزَاكَ اللهُ وَالْإِسْلَامُ خَيْرًا ، فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، كَمَا فَكَكْتَ رِهَانَ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ . لَيْسَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَقْضِي عَنْ أَخِيهِ دَيْنَهُ إِلَّا فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، أَلِعَلِيٍّ خَاصَّةً ؟ قَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَا ، بَلْ لِعَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I attended a funeral at which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was present. When the deceased was placed (for the prayer), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Does he owe any debt?" The people said: Yes. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from it and said: "Pray the funeral prayer over your companion!" When Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) saw him (peace and blessings be upon him) turning his back, he said: O Prophet of Allah! He is free of his debt; I am the guarantor of whatever is due from him. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came forward (for the prayer) and led his funeral prayer. Then, when he (peace and blessings be upon him) had finished, he said: "O Ali! May Allah Almighty and Islam reward you well, 'Jazaka Allahu wal-Islamu khayran, fakka Allahu rihanaka yawm al-qiyamah, kama fakakta rihana akhika al-muslim' (May Allah Almighty and Islam reward you with good; may Allah free your pledge (your pledged soul) on the Day of Resurrection, just as you have freed the pledge of your Muslim brother). There is no servant who pays off his brother's debt on his behalf except that Allah Almighty will free his pledge on the Day of Resurrection." Thereupon a man from the Ansar stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! Is this virtue specifically for Sayyiduna Ali? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, rather it is for all the Muslims."
وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ عِيسَى ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - يَقُولُ : أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِرَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . قَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إِنْ ضَمِنْتُمْ دَيْنَهُ ، صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that: "A man was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would lead his funeral prayer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: 'Does he owe any debt?' The people said: Yes. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'If you guarantee his debt, I will lead his funeral prayer.'"
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ ، ثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ ، قَالَ : دَخَلْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - فَقُلْنَا لَهُ : حَدِّثْنَا حَدِيثًا يَنْفَعُنَا اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَمُوتَ وَلَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِ فَلْيَفْعَلْ ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، فَقَالَ : لَا أُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَضْمَنُوا دَيْنَهُ ، فَإِنَّ صَلَاتِي عَلَيْهِ تَنْفَعُهُ . فَلَمْ يَضْمَنُوا دَيْنَهُ ، وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّهُ مُرْتَهَنٌ فِي قَبْرِهِ .
Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sa'id bin Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us; Isa bin Sadaqah bin Abbad al-Yashkuri narrated to us; he said: I went with my father to Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), and we said to him: Narrate to us a hadith through which Allah Almighty will benefit us. Then I heard him say: "Whoever among you is able to die in a state in which he owes no one a debt, let him do so, for I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when the funeral of a man who owed a debt was brought to him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'I will not pray the funeral prayer over him until you guarantee his debt, for my prayer benefits him.' So when they did not guarantee his debt, he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lead his funeral prayer, and said: 'He is held in pledge in his grave.'"
وَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارٌ ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ - هُوَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ - ثَنَا ثَابِتٌ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا ، قَالَ : هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . قَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : فَإِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ - عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ - نَهَانِي أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مَنْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ . ثُمَّ قَالَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إِنَّ صَاحِبَ الدَّيْنِ مُرْتَهَنٌ فِي قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ .
The narrator says: Ammar narrated to us; Yusuf (who is Ibn Atiyyah) narrated to us; Thabit narrated to us on the authority of Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: A funeral was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would lead its prayer. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Does he owe any debt?" The people said: Yes. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Jibril (peace be upon him) has forbidden me to pray over one who owes a debt." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Surely the debtor remains held in pledge in his grave (in return for the debt) until it is paid off on his behalf."
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْمُحَبَّرِ ، ثَنَا مَيْسَرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ - قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ....فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا طَوِيلًا ، وَفِيهِ : وَمَنْ أَقْرَضَ مَلْهُوفًا ، فَأَحْسَنَ طَلَبَهُ ، فَلْيَسْتَأْنِفِ الْعَمَلَ ، وَلَهُ عِنْدَ اللهِ تَعَالَى بِكُلِّ دِرْهَمٍ أَلْفُ قِنْطَارٍ لَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ . وَمَنْ أَقْرَضَ أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْنُ جَبَلِ أُحُدٍ ، وَحِرَاءٍ ، وَطُورِ سَيْنَاءَ ، حَسَنَاتٍ ، فَإِنْ رَفَقَ بِهِ فِي طَلَبِهِ بَعْدَ حِلِّهِ ، جَرَى عَلَيْهِ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَجَازَ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ كَالْبَرْقِ اللَّامِعِ ، لَا حِسَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا عَذَابَ ، وَمَنِ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي قَرْضٍ فَلَمْ يُقْرِضْهُ وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ يَوْمَ يَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah and Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) that they said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon to us; then the narrator related a long hadith in which there is also this (saying): "And whoever lends to someone distressed and crying for help, and then is kind and gracious in demanding (repayment), let him begin his deeds anew (that is, he is cleansed of sins), and with Allah Almighty there is for him in Paradise, for every dirham, a reward of a thousand qintars; and whoever lends to his Muslim brother will receive, for every dirham, good deeds equal in weight to Mount Uhud, Mount Hira and Mount Sinai; then if he is gentle with him in demanding it even after the term of the loan has ended, the reward of charity will continue for him for every day, and he will cross the Sirat like flashing lightning, with neither reckoning nor punishment upon him; and whoever is approached by his Muslim brother in need of a loan and does not lend to him although he has (the wealth), Allah Almighty will forbid Paradise to him on the Day when He rewards those who do good."
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - جَاءَ يَتَقَاضَى دَيْنًا لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ ، فَقَالُوا : قَدْ خَرَجَ . قَالَ : فَأَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَقُولُ : لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ تَعَالَى ، ثُمَّ أُحْيِيَ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ ثُمَّ أُحْيِيَ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يُقْضَى دَيْنُهُ .
It is narrated from Abu Kathir that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) came to claim a debt owed to him by a certain man. The people said that the man had gone out. Thereupon Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: 'If a man were martyred in the path of Allah Almighty, then brought back to life, then martyred, then brought back to life, and then martyred a third time, even then he would not enter Paradise until his debt is paid off.'"
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبِيدَةُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا أَبُو مَرْيَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ - وَكَانَ بَدْرِيًّا - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَسْتَظِلَّ أَوْ يُظِلَّهُ اللهُ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ أَوْ مِنْ حَرِّ جَهَنَّمَ ؟ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ : نَحْنُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ! قَالَ : مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ عَنْ غَرِيمِهِ .
It is narrated from Abu Ja'far, from a man of the Ansar, who had taken part in the Battle of Badr, that he related that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who would like to obtain shade, or that Allah Almighty should shade him from the blast of Hell or from the heat of the Fire?" All the people said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We all (wish for this)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(That is attained by) the one who gives respite to someone in hardship or forgives his debtor his debt."
