Tayammum

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If I became sexually impure (junub) and did not find water for a month, I would not pray.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Abu Ubaydah did not hear from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). Ibn Sufyan said: No ruling is to be given according to it.

Alqamah narrates: A man had smallpox (judari, a skin disease). On the order of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), dust was then brought in a basin or a vessel, and he would wipe with the dust.
Its chain contains Aban bin Abi Ayyash, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been given what none of the prophets was given." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, what is it?" He said: "I have been helped by awe (cast into the enemy), I have been given the keys of the earth, I have been named Ahmad, dust has been made a means of purification for me, and my Ummah has been made the best of nations."
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqil, who has a poor memory. Al-Tirmidhi said: He is saduq (truthful), and some of the people of knowledge have criticised him on account of his memory. I heard Muhammad bin Isma'il, that is, Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him), say: Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Ibrahim and al-Humaydi used the hadith of Ibn Aqil as evidence. (Allamah al-Haythami said:) I say: So the hadith is hasan (good), and Allah knows best.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A Bedouin came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I stay in the sands for four or five months, and among us there are women in postnatal bleeding, menstruating women and people who are sexually impure (junub). So what is your view about this?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You must use dust."
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it, and he (Abu Ya'la) recorded these words in it: "You must use the earth."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains al-Muthanna bin al-Sabbah, whom most have declared da'if (weak). Ayyash narrated from Yahya bin Ma'in that he declared him thiqah (trustworthy), and Mu'awiyah bin Salih narrated from Yahya bin Ma'in
that he said: He is da'if (weak), but his hadith is to be written down and is not to be abandoned.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Clean earth is the Muslim's means of ablution, even if he does not find water for ten years. When he finds water, let him fear Allah Almighty and let it touch his skin, for that is better."
Al-Bazzar recorded it and said: According to our knowledge, this report
is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) only through this chain. (Allamah al-Haythami said:) I say: Its narrators are the narrators of the "Sahih".

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been given five things that were not given to any prophet before me: I have been sent to all mankind, every red-skinned (that is, fair-skinned) and black-skinned person; I have been helped by awe, so that my enemy is struck with awe of me from a month's journey away; the spoils of war have been made lawful for me; the whole earth has been made a place of prayer and a means of purification for me; and I have been given intercession, and I have deferred it (that is, kept it in reserve) for my Ummah on the Day of Resurrection."
Al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani recorded it, and he (al-Tabarani) recorded these additional words: "Every prophet was sent to his own town." Its chain contains Ibrahim bin Isma'il bin Yahya bin Kuhayl, who is da'if (weak); Ibn Hibban mentioned him in the book "al-Thiqat" and said: Among the reports he narrated from his father there are some munkar (objectionable) ones.

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Sayyiduna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) was among his goats in Madinah. When he came, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "O Abu Dharr!" He remained silent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called him again, and he remained silent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Abu Dharr, may your mother weep for you!" He said: "I am sexually impure (junub)." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the slave girl to bring water for him. She brought it, and Sayyiduna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) took a ritual bath (ghusl) behind the cover of his mount. Then he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Clean earth will suffice you, even if you do not find water for twenty years; and when you find water, let it touch your skin (that is, take a ritual bath with it)."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the "Sahih".

Sayyiduna al-Asla' bin Sharik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I used to saddle the she-camel of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). On a cold night I became sexually impure (junub), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to set off. I did not like to saddle his she-camel while I was in a state of sexual impurity, and I also feared that if I took a ritual bath with cold water I would die or fall ill. So I instructed a man from the Ansar, and he saddled it for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I placed some stones, heated water with them, took a ritual bath, and then caught up with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Asla', what is the matter? Why does the saddle you prepared look somewhat different to me?" I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I did not saddle it; a man from the Ansar saddled it." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Why is that?" I said: "I had become sexually impure, and I feared for myself, so I instructed that man to saddle it; then I placed stones, heated water and took a ritual bath with it." The narrator said: Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated," up to: "Indeed, Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains al-Haytham bin Zurayq. Some have said: His hadith is not corroborated.

Sayyiduna al-Asla' bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him), who belonged to Banu al-A'raj, narrates: I used to serve the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He said to me: "O Asla', get up and show me how such-and-such is." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have become sexually impure (junub)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent for a while, and then Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) came down to him with the command to perform dry ablution (tayammum) with clean earth. He said: "O Asla', get up and perform dry ablution." The narrator said: Then Sayyiduna al-Asla' (may Allah be pleased with him) demonstrated to me how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had taught him dry ablution. He said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck the ground with his palms, then rubbed one against the other, then shook them off, and then with them wiped the outer and inner sides of his forearms.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains al-Rabi' bin Badr, and the hadith scholars are agreed on his being da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna al-Asla' (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I used to serve the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and saddle his mount for him. One night he said to me: "O Asla', get up and saddle the mount." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have become sexually impure (junub)." The narrator said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent for a while, then Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) with the verse concerning the command of dry ablution (tayammum), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Asla', get up and perform dry ablution." The narrator said: I got up and performed dry ablution, then I saddled the mount for him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he set off. He passed by some water, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "O Asla', let this touch your skin" (that is, take a ritual bath); here the narrator is in doubt about one word. The narrator said: My father demonstrated dry ablution to me, just as his father had demonstrated it to him: one strike for the face and one strike for both arms up to the elbows.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains al-Rabi' bin Badr, on whose being da'if (weak) the hadith scholars are agreed.

Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "In dry ablution (tayammum) there is one strike for the face and one strike for both arms up to the elbows."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Ja'far bin al-Zubayr, about whom Shu'bah said: He fabricated four hundred hadith.

Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performing dry ablution (tayammum) with clean earth, but I saw him wipe his arms and face only once.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Muhammad bin Sa'id al-Maslub, about whom it has been said: He is a kadhdhab (liar) and fabricates hadith.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In dry ablution (tayammum) there are two strikes: one strike for the face and one strike for both arms up to the elbows."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Ali bin Zabyan, whom Yahya bin Ma'in declared da'if (weak) and said: He is a wicked liar. A group (of scholars) also declared him da'if, while Abu Ali al-Naysaburi said: There is no harm in him.

It is also narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Concerning dry ablution (tayammum) with clean earth, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said that a person should strike the ground with his palms and then wipe his face with them; then he should strike another strike and wipe his arms up to the elbows with them.
Al-Bazzar recorded it; its chain contains Sulayman bin Dawud al-Jazari, about whom Imam Abu Zur'ah said: He is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning dry ablution (tayammum): "There are two strikes: one strike for the face and one strike for both arms up to the elbows."
Al-Bazzar recorded it; its chain contains al-Harish bin al-Khirrit, whom Abu Hatim, Abu Zur'ah and Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) declared "da'if" (weak).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey. When the time of prayer came, the people halted. A shepherd saw the two of them, so he came down from his mount, struck the ground with his hand, performed dry ablution (tayammum), and then, giving the call to prayer, said: 'Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar' (Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He is upon the fitrah (natural disposition)." He said: 'Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah' (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has come out of the Fire."
Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains Sa'id bin Rashid al-Mazini, who is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, a man who is away from habitation and has no access to water, may he have intercourse with his wife?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes."
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains al-Hajjaj bin Artah, in whom there is weakness, but he does not deliberately lie.

Hakim bin Mu'awiyah narrated this statement of his paternal uncle: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I stay away from water for a month at a time, and my wife is with me. May I have intercourse with her?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, what if I stay away from water for several months?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Even if you stay away for three years (the ruling is the same)."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its chain is hasan (good).