السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: الاختيار في الإشهاد
Choosing witnesses
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَةٌ يَدْعُونَ اللهَ، فَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ: رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ سَيِّئَةُ الْخُلُقِ فَلَمْ يُطَلِّقْهَا، وَرَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَجُلٌ آتَى سَفِيهًا مَالَهُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ} [النساء: ٥] ".
Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are three people whose supplication Allah does not answer: one who does not divorce a woman of bad character; the second, a man who is owed a debt by someone and does not have it witnessed; and the third, one who gives a foolish person his wealth, even though the Qur'an says: 'And do not give the foolish your wealth.' [Surah al-Nisa: 5]"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ} [البقرة: ٢٨٢] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَحَدَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَرَاهُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ، فَرَأَى رَجُلًا أَزْهَرَ سَاطِعًا نُورُهُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: " هَذَا ابْنُكَ دَاوُدُ "، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، فَمَا عُمُرُهُ؟ قَالَ: " سِتُّونَ سَنَةً "، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ، قَالَ: " لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَزِيدَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِكَ "، قَالَ: وَمَا عُمُرِي؟ قَالَ: " أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ، قَالَ آدَمُ: فَقَدْ وَهَبْتُ لَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: " وَكَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابًا، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتَهُ "، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ، وَجَاءَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمْرِي أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً، قَالُوا: إِنَّهُ قَدْ وَهَبْتَهُ لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: مَا وَهَبْتُ لِأَحَدٍ شَيْئًا، فَأَخْرَجَ اللهُ الْكِتَابَ، وَشَهَّدَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتَهُ "..
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, concerning the saying of Allah: "When you contract a debt for a fixed term, write it down" [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]: "The first dispute was the one Adam made with Allah, when Allah showed him his offspring. He saw a man whose forehead was shining and asked: O my Lord! Who is this? He said: This is your son Dawud. He asked: O my Lord! How long is his life? He said: 60 years. He said: O my Lord! Increase his life. He said: No, unless you add something to it from your own life. He asked: How long is my life? He said: A thousand years. Adam said: I have gifted forty of them to him. Allah wrote it down and made the angels witnesses. When the time of Adam's death came and the angels arrived, he said: Forty years of my life remain. They said: You gifted them to your son Dawud. He said: I have not gifted anything. Allah brought out what was written, and the angels testified."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: " فَأَكْمَلَ لِآدَمَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ، وَلِدَاوُدَ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ ".
Hammad bin Salamah (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned the like of it, except that at its beginning it says: When Allah Almighty revealed the verse of debt, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said; and at its end it says: "He completed a thousand years for Sayyiduna Adam (peace be upon him), and a hundred years for his son Dawud (peace be upon him)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَكَّارُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ الْقَاضِي، بِمِصْرَ، ثنا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْقَاضِي، ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللهُ آدَمَ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ عَطَسَ، فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ: " رَحِمَكَ رَبُّكَ يَا آدَمُ "، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا آدَمُ اذْهَبْ إِلَى أُولَئِكَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، إِلَى مَلَأٍ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ مِنْهُمْ جُلُوسٍ، فَقُلِ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ "، فَذَهَبَ، قَالُوا: وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ فَقَالَ: " هَذِهِ تَحِيَّتُكَ، وَتَحِيَّةُ بَنِيكَ وَبَنِيهِمْ "، وَقَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، لَهُ وَيَدَاهُ مَقْبُوضَتَانِ: " اخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ "، فَقَالَ: اخْتَرْتُ يَمِينَ رَبِّي - وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْ رَبِّي يَمِينٌ مُبَارَكَةٌ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَهَا، فَإِذَا فِيهَا آدَمُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ، مَا هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: " هَؤُلَاءِ ذُرِّيَّتُكَ "، فَإِذَا كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مَكْتُوبٌ عُمُرُهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَإِذَا فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ أَضْوَأُهُمْ، أَوْ قَالَ: مِنْ أَضْوَئِهِمْ، لَمْ يُكْتَبْ لَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً، فَقَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ، زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ، قَالَ: " ذَاكَ الَّذِي كُتِبَ لَهُ "، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: " أَنْتَ وَذَاكَ "، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أُسْكِنَ الْجَنَّةَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ أُهْبِطَ مِنْهَا، وَكَانَ آدَمُ يَعُدُّ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَأَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ: قَدْ عَجَّلْتَ، قَدْ كُتِبَتْ لِي أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ، قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَكِنَّكَ جَعَلْتَ لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ مِنْهَا سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، فَجَحَدَ، فَجَحَدَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ، وَنَسِيَ فَنَسِيَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ، فَيَوْمَئِذٍ أُمِرَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالشُّهُودِ ".
Hadrat Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah created Adam and breathed the soul into him, he sneezed and said: 'Alhamdulillah' (All praise is for Allah). He praised Allah by Allah's permission. Allah Almighty said: 'Yarhamuka rabbuk' (May your Lord have mercy on you). Allah Almighty said: O Adam! Go to that group of angels sitting in a gathering and greet them with salam. He went, and they said: 'Wa 'alaykumus-salamu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh' (And upon you be peace, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings).
Then he returned to his Lord. Allah Almighty said: This is your greeting and theirs. And Allah Almighty said, while both His hands were closed: Choose whichever you wish. He said: I choose the right hand of my Lord, and both of my Lord's hands are right and blessed. Then He opened it, and in it were Adam and his offspring. He said: O my Lord! What is this? He said: Your offspring. Each person's lifespan was written between his two eyes.
Among them was one man whose forehead was the brightest, and for his life only forty years were written. He said: O Allah! Increase his life. Allah Almighty said: This is all the life he has. He said: Give him sixty years of my life. Allah Almighty said: That is a matter between you and him. Then he stayed in Paradise as long as Allah willed, then he descended from it. Hadrat Adam kept counting his years. When the angel of death came, Adam said: You have come early; my life is a thousand years. The angel said: Certainly; but you gave sixty years to your son Dawud. So he denied it, and his offspring also deny. Adam forgot, so his offspring also forget. From that day, writing and taking witnesses were commanded."
Then he returned to his Lord. Allah Almighty said: This is your greeting and theirs. And Allah Almighty said, while both His hands were closed: Choose whichever you wish. He said: I choose the right hand of my Lord, and both of my Lord's hands are right and blessed. Then He opened it, and in it were Adam and his offspring. He said: O my Lord! What is this? He said: Your offspring. Each person's lifespan was written between his two eyes.
Among them was one man whose forehead was the brightest, and for his life only forty years were written. He said: O Allah! Increase his life. Allah Almighty said: This is all the life he has. He said: Give him sixty years of my life. Allah Almighty said: That is a matter between you and him. Then he stayed in Paradise as long as Allah willed, then he descended from it. Hadrat Adam kept counting his years. When the angel of death came, Adam said: You have come early; my life is a thousand years. The angel said: Certainly; but you gave sixty years to your son Dawud. So he denied it, and his offspring also deny. Adam forgot, so his offspring also forget. From that day, writing and taking witnesses were commanded."
