السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: الشهادة في الزنا
Testimony in cases of zina
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ} [النساء: 15]، وَقَالَ: {وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً} [النور: 4].
The saying of Allah, exalted be His praise: "And those of your women who commit immorality, call four witnesses from among you against them." [Surah al-Nisa: 15]
And He said: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses, flog them with eighty (80) lashes." [Surah al-Nur: 4]
And He said: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses, flog them with eighty (80) lashes." [Surah al-Nur: 4]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ سَعْدًا، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا، أُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَعَمْ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ كَمَا مَضَى.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! If I find a man with my wife, should I then look for four witnesses? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، ثنا سُهَيْلٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ: لَوْ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا لَمْ أَمَسَّهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَعَمْ "، قَالَ: كَلَّا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأُعْجِلُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اسْمَعُوا مَا يَقُولُ سَيِّدُكُمْ؟ إِنَّهُ غَيُورٌ، وَأَنَا أَغْيَرُ مِنْهُ، وَاللهُ أَغْيَرُ مِنِّي ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Sa'd bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If I find a man with my wife, should I then look for four witnesses without saying anything to him? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes." He said: No, O Messenger of Allah! I would strike his neck first. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Listen to what your chief is saying. He is jealous (of his honour), I am more jealous than him, and Allah is more jealous than me."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو شِهَابٍ عَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى: سَلْ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ، فَإِذَا مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلٌ، فَقَتَلَهَا، أَوْ قَتَلَهُ؟ فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَا ذَكَّرَكَ هَذَا؟ إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ مَا هُوَ بِأَرْضِنَا؟ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهَا، قَالَ: أَنَا أَبُو حَسَنٍ: " إِنْ جَاءَنَا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ، وَإِلَّا دَفَعَ بِرُمَّتِهِ "، قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: " يُقْتَلُ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَشَهِدَ ثَلَاثَةٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالزِّنَا، وَلَمْ يُثْبِتِ الرَّابِعُ، فَجَلَدَ الثَّلَاثَةَ.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him to ask Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about a man who enters his house and finds another man with his wife, and he kills her or kills him. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him, and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: What reminded you of this? This is something that has not happened in our land. I adjure you (to tell me). Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to me asking me to ask you about it. He said: I am Abu al-Hasan: if he brings four witnesses (then so be it); otherwise he is to be handed over with his rope (for retaliation). Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He is to be killed.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Three men testified against a man for adultery before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and the fourth did not confirm it, so he flogged the three.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Three men testified against a man for adultery before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and the fourth did not confirm it, so he flogged the three.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا شَهِدَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ عَلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ جَاءَ زِيَادٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " رَجُلٌ إِنْ يَشْهَدْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ "، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْتِهَارًا وَمَجْلِسًا سَيِّئًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْمِرْوَدَ دَخَلَ الْمُكْحُلَةَ؟ " قَالَ: لَا: " فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَجُلِدُوا ".
Abu Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and his two companions testified against al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him), Ziyad came. Hadrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Here is a man who, if Allah wills, will testify only to the truth. He said: I saw heavy breathing and an ugly sitting. Hadrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Did you see the kohl stick enter the kohl container? He said: No. So he gave the order concerning them (the three), and they were flogged.
