السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: ما يكره للقاضي من الشراء والبيع والنظر في النفقة على أهله وفي ضيعته لئلا يشغل فهمه
The disliked practice of the judge buying and selling and overseeing his family's expenses and his estate, lest it distract his understanding
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ خَلِيٍّ الْحِمْصِيُّ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ: " لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " قَدْ عَلِمَ قَوْمِي أَنَّ حِرْفَتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ لِتَعْجَزَ عَنْ مُؤْنَةِ أَهْلِي، وَقَدْ شُغِلْتُ بِأَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَيَأْكُلُ آلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ " وَاحْتَرَفَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيهِ.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, he said: My people know that I used to bear the expenses of my family from my trade, but now I am occupied with the affairs of the Muslims; so the family of Abu Bakr will now take their expenses from the public treasury (bayt al-mal), and I will work for the Muslims.
قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَتْ: " لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَكَلَ هُوَ وَأَهْلُهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ، وَاحْتَرَفَ فِي مَالِ نَفْسِهِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ كَمَا مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَمِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ أَبَا بكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، قَالَ: " فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ "، قَالَ: " السُّوقَ "، قَالَ: " وَقَدْ جَاءَكَ مَا يَشْغَلُكَ عَنِ السُّوقِ؟ "، قَالَ: " سُبْحَانَ اللهِ يَشْغَلُنِي عَنْ عِيَالِي؟ قَالَ: " تَفْرِضُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ وَصِيَّتَهُ بِرَدِّ مَا أُخِذَ مِنْهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that when Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, he and his family took their expenses from the public treasury, and he also earned wealth for himself.
(b) Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people when he became caliph. When morning came, he set off towards the market. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Where do you intend to go? He said: To the market. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You now carry a responsibility that will keep you busy away from the market. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah)! Will it keep me from (providing for) my family too? He said: An allowance will be fixed for you in a fair manner. Then he mentioned the hadith. In it is that he directed in his will that the wealth received from the public treasury be returned.
(b) Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people when he became caliph. When morning came, he set off towards the market. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Where do you intend to go? He said: To the market. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You now carry a responsibility that will keep you busy away from the market. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah)! Will it keep me from (providing for) my family too? He said: An allowance will be fixed for you in a fair manner. Then he mentioned the hadith. In it is that he directed in his will that the wealth received from the public treasury be returned.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، أنبأ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنَّ تِجَارَةَ الْأَمِيرِ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ خَسَارَةٌ ".
Sulayman bin Musa said that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said that a ruler's trading during his rule is a loss.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ بَعْضِ إِخْوَانِهِ، عَنْ جُزِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَنَّ زَبَّانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: " يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ رَكِبْتَ فَتَرَوَّحْتَ قَالَ عُمَرُ: " فَمَنْ يَجْزِي عَمَلَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ؟ "، قَالَ: " تَجِزِيهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ "، قَالَ: " لَقَدْ كَدَحَنِي عَمَلُ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَكَيْفَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيَّ عَمَلُ يَوْمَيْنِ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ؟ ".
Zabban bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him): O Commander of the Believers, if only you would ride out and take some rest! Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then who will do that day's work?
He said: You can do it the next day. He said: The work of one day has exhausted me, so how will I manage when two days' work is combined upon me in a single day?
He said: You can do it the next day. He said: The work of one day has exhausted me, so how will I manage when two days' work is combined upon me in a single day?
وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ، ثنا. يَعْقُوبُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ شُبْرُمَةَ، قَالَ: " وَلَّى ابْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ الشَّعْبِيَّ الْقَضَاءَ، وَكَلَّفَهُ أَنْ يَسْمُرَ مَعَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ: " لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ هَذَا، أَفْرِدْنِي بِأَحَدِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ الْقَضَاءَ، وَسَمَرَ اللَّيْلِ ".
Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Ibn Shubrumah (may Allah have mercy on him) say: Ibn Hubayrah appointed al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) as judge and required him to sit up conversing with him at night. Al-Sha'bi said to him: I am not able to do this; assign me to only one of the two tasks, for I cannot manage both judging and night conversation.
