السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: الحربي إذا لجأ إلى الحرم وكذلك من وجب عليه حد
A hostile disbeliever who takes refuge in the Haram, and likewise one liable to a prescribed punishment
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِغْفَرٌ، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: ابْنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ: " اقْتُلُوهُ "، قَالَ: نَعَمْ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah, there was a helmet on his head. When he took off the helmet, a man came and said: Ibn Khatal is clinging to the covering of the Ka'bah. He said: "Kill him."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْعَدْلُ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ طَلْحَةَ الْقَنَّادُ، ثنا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ وَقَالَ: " اقْتُلُوهُمْ وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ مُتَعَلِّقِينَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ: عِكْرِمَةَ بْنَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ خَطَلٍ، وَمَقِيسَ بْنَ صُبَابَةَ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي سَرْحٍ.
Mus'ab bin Sa'd narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted safety to all the people except four men and two women; he did not grant them safety, and he said: "Kill them even if you find them clinging to the curtains of the Ka'bah." These four men were: 1. Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, 2. Abdullah bin Khatal, 3. Maqis bin Subabah, 4. Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarh.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ: " أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا أُؤَمِّنُهُمْ فِي حِلٍّ وَلَا فِي حَرَمٍ: الْحُوَيْرِثُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ، وَمَقِيسٌ، وَهِلَالُ بْنُ خَطَلٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ. فَأَمَّا الْحُوَيْرِثُ فَقَتَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا مَقِيسٌ فَقَتَلَهُ ابْنُ عَمٍّ لَهُ لَحًّا، وَأَمَّا هِلَالُ بْنُ خَطَلٍ فَقَتَلَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَاسْتَأْمَنَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ أَخَاهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَقَيْنَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا لِمِقْيَسٍ تُغَنِّيَانِ بِهِجَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُتِلَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا، وَأَفْلَتَتِ الْأُخْرَى وَأَسْلَمَتْ.
Umar bin Uthman bin Abd al-Rahman bin Sa'id al-Makhzumi narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather, that on the day of the Conquest of Makkah the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are four people for whom there is no protection, neither in the Haram nor outside it: al-Huwayrith bin Ma'bad, Maqis, Hilal bin Khatal and Abdullah bin Abi Sarh." Al-Huwayrith was killed by Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him); Maqis was killed by a close paternal cousin of his; Hilal bin Khatal was killed by Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him); while for Abdullah bin Abi Sarh, Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) sought a grant of safety, because he was his foster brother. Maqis had two singing slave-girls who used to sing satire against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); one of them was killed, and the other escaped and became Muslim.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْعَدَوِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ الْبُعُوثَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ: ائْذَنْ لِي أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ أُحَدِّثْكَ قَوْلًا قَامَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَايَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنَايَ حِينَ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ، حَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَهَا اللهُ وَلَمْ ⦗٣٥٨⦘ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دَمًا، وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرَةً، وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ لِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُولُوا: إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا أَذِنَ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ، وَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ ". فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي شُرَيْحٍ: مَا قَالَ لَكَ عَمْرٌو؟ فَقَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرٌو: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ يَا أَبَا شُرَيْحٍ، إِنَّ الْحَرَمَ لَا يُعِيذُ عَاصِيًا وَلَا فَارًّا بِدَمٍ وَلَا فَارًّا بِخَرْبَةٍ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.
Sayyiduna Abu Shurayh al-Adawi (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Amr bin Sa'id, who was sending troops towards Makkah: O Amir, permit me to tell you what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day after the Conquest of Makkah. My two ears heard it, my heart retained it, and my two eyes saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as he spoke. He (peace and blessings be upon him) praised and extolled Allah, then said: "Allah made Makkah sacred, not the people. It is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood in the Haram, nor are its trees to be cut. If anyone says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was given permission to fight, then say: Allah gave permission to His Messenger, not to you; and he was given permission only for an hour of a day. Now its sanctity has become as it was before, and let the one who is present convey this to the one who is absent." Sayyiduna Abu Shurayh (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked: What did Amr say to you? The narrator said: Amr said to Sayyiduna Abu Shurayh (may Allah be pleased with him): I know this better than you; the Haram does not give refuge to a sinner, a killer, or one who causes corruption.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا لَمْ يُحَلَّلْ أَنْ يُنْصَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبُ حَتَّى تَكُونَ كَغَيْرِهَا، فَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَمَا قُتِلَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَخُبَيْبٌ بِقَتْلِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي دَارٍ بِمَكَّةَ غِيلَةً إِنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ فِيهِ مُحَرَّمَةً، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَمْنَعُ أَحَدًا مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا يُمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْصَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَرْبُ كَمَا يُنْصَبُ عَلَى غَيْرِهَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The meaning of that, and Allah knows best, is that it was not made lawful to wage war against it so that it becomes like other places. When Asim bin Thabit and Khubayb were killed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that Abu Sufyan be killed by stealth in a house in Makkah if he could be overpowered, and this was at the time when it was sacred. This shows that it does not shield anyone from something that has become due upon him, and that it is protected only from having war waged against it as war is waged against other places.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَطَّةَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، ح قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، وَزَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي بَعْثِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَنْ يَقْتُلُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غِيلَةً، وَأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَطْلَعَ عَلَيْهِ نَبِيَّهُ، وَأَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ بْنِ حَرِيشٍ: " اخْرُجَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ، فَإِنْ أَصَبْتُمَا مِنْهُ غِرَّةً فَاقْتُلَاهُ ". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي رُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَمْرًا وَإِخْبَارِهِ إِيَّاهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ أَسْنَدَا فِي الْجَبَلِ وَتَغَيَّبَا فِي غَارٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ خَرَجَ فَقَتَلَ عُبَيْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ابْنَ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، وَجَاءَ إِلَى خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ وَهُوَ مَصْلُوبٌ فَأَنْزَلَهُ وَأَهَالَ عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رُجُوعَهُمَا مُنْفَرِدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.
Abd al-Wahid bin Abi Awn (may Allah have mercy on him) said that some of them added certain words over others, and he mentioned the story of Abu Sufyan's plot to kill the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) treacherously. Allah, the Lord of Might, informed His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the man who had come intending to kill him became Muslim. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri and Salamah bin Aslam bin Harish (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Go to Abu Sufyan bin Harb, and if you find him off guard, kill him."
(b) Then he mentioned the story of Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) seeing Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) and informing his father of it, and that Amr bin Umayyah and Salamah bin Aslam (may Allah be pleased with them both) climbed the mountain and hid in a cave. Then Amr bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came out of the cave and killed Ubaydullah bin Malik, the nephew of Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he came to Khubayb bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him), took him down from the cross and poured earth over him; then the two of them returned separately to Madinah.
(b) Then he mentioned the story of Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) seeing Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) and informing his father of it, and that Amr bin Umayyah and Salamah bin Aslam (may Allah be pleased with them both) climbed the mountain and hid in a cave. Then Amr bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came out of the cave and killed Ubaydullah bin Malik, the nephew of Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he came to Khubayb bin Adi (may Allah be pleased with him), took him down from the cross and poured earth over him; then the two of them returned separately to Madinah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ الْأَزْرَقُ، ثنا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ بَرْصَاءَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ: " لَا تُغْزَى بَعْدَهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ".
Al-Harith bin Malik bin Barsa' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No military expedition will be made against this place until the Day of Resurrection."
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: مَنْ قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجَالَسُ وَلَا يُكَلَّمُ وَلَا يُؤْذَى، وَيُنَاشَدُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَصَابَ، فَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ أُدْخِلَ الْحَرَمَ فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يُقِيمُوا عَلَيْهِ مَا أَصَابَ أَخْرَجُوهُ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ إِلَى الْحِلِّ، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَوْ سَرَقَ فِي الْحَرَمِ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَرَمِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهَذَا مِِنْ رَأْيِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَقَدْ تَرَكْنَاهُ بِالظَّوَاهِرِ الَّتِي وَرَدَتْ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ دُونَ تَخْصِيصِ الْحَرَمِ بِتَرْكِهَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) states: Whoever kills or steals in the hill (the area outside the boundaries of the Haram) and then enters the Haram, such a person is not to be sat with, nor spoken to, nor harmed; rather he is to be urged to leave the Haram, and when he comes out of the Haram, the prescribed punishment is to be carried out on him. If someone kills or steals in the hill and is then brought into the Haram, and they intend to carry out the punishment on him, then take him out of the Haram into the hill; and if someone kills or steals within the Haram itself, then the punishment will be carried out on him inside the Haram.
The Shaykh said: This is the opinion of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), which we have left because of the apparent evidences that have come concerning carrying out the prescribed punishments, in which the Haram is not singled out.
The Shaykh said: This is the opinion of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), which we have left because of the apparent evidences that have come concerning carrying out the prescribed punishments, in which the Haram is not singled out.
