السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من رأى قسمة الأراضي المغنومة ومن لم يرها
Those who held that conquered lands should be divided and those who did not
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثَوْرٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: افْتَتَحْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَلَمْ نَغْنَمْ ذَهَبًا وَلَا فِضَّةً، إِنَّمَا غَنِمْنَا الْإِبِلَ وَالْبَقَرَ وَالْمَتَاعَ وَالْحَوَائِطَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى وَمَعَهُ عَبْدٌ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ مِدْعَمٌ، وَهَبَهُ لَهُ أَحَدُ بَنِي الضِّبَابِ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَحُطُّ رَحْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ عَائِرٌ حَتَّى أَصَابَ ذَلِكَ الْعَبْدَ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: هَنِيئًا لَهُ الشَّهَادَةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ الشَّمْلَةَ الَّتِي أَصَابَهَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا الْمَقَاسِمُ لَتَشْتَعِلُ عَلَيْهِ نَارًا". فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ حِينَ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشِرَاكٍ أَوْ بِشِرَاكَيْنِ فَقَالَ: هَذَا شَيْءٌ كُنْتُ أَصَبْتُهُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " شِرَاكٌ أَوْ شِرَاكَانِ مِنْ نَارٍ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو.
Salim (the freed slave of Ibn Muti') heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) say: When we conquered Khaybar, we did not obtain gold or silver as spoils; rather, we got camels, cattle, goods and orchards. Then we came with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to Wadi al-Qura, and with him (peace and blessings be upon him) was a slave called Mid'am, whom a man from Banu al-Dibab had gifted to him (peace and blessings be upon him). Once, while Mid'am was unloading the saddle from the mount of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), suddenly a stray arrow from an unknown direction struck him and he died. The people said: Congratulations, this man is of the people of Paradise. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, by the One in whose hand is my soul! The cloak which he took from the spoils of Khaybar before the distribution is wrapped around him as fire." When the people heard this, a man brought one or two sandal straps to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I had obtained these. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These are one or two straps of fire."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ⦗٢٣٢⦘ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، أنبأ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاتَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى أَلْجَأَهُمْ إِلَى قَصْرِهِمْ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَالزَّرْعِ وَالنَّخْلِ، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْلُوا مِنْهَا وَلَهُمْ مَا حَمَلَتْ رِكَابُهُمْ وَلِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّفْرَاءُ وَالْبَيْضَاءُ وَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَكْتُمُوا وَلَا يُغَيِّبُوا شَيْئًا، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَهُمْ وَلَا عَهْدَ، فَغَيَّبُوا مَسْكًا فِيهِ مَالٌ وَحُلِيٌّ لِحُيِيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ كَانَ احْتَمَلَهُ مَعَهُ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أُجْلِيَتِ النَّضِيرُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَمِّ حُيَيٍّ: " مَا فَعَلَ مَسْكُ حُيَيٍّ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ؟ " فَقَالَ: أَذْهَبَتْهُ النَّفَقَاتُ وَالْحُرُوبُ. فَقَالَ: " الْعَهْدُ قَرِيبٌ وَالْمَالُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ". فَدَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ فَمَسَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ، وَقَدْ كَانَ حُيَيٌّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ خَرِبَةً فَقَالَ: " قَدْ رَأَيْتُ حُيَيًّا يَطُوفُ فِي خَرِبَةٍ هَهُنَا ". فَذَهَبُوا وَطَافُوا فَوَجَدُوا الْمَسْكَ فِي الْخَرِبَةِ، فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْنَيْ حَقِيقٍ وَأَحَدُهُمَا زَوْجُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيِيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ، وَسَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِالنَّكْثِ الَّذِي نَكَثُوا وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُجْلِيَهُمْ مِنْهَا فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ نُصْلِحُهَا وَنَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ غِلْمَانٌ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا، وَكَانُوا لَا يَفْرُغُونَ أَنْ يَقُومُوا عَلَيْهَا، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطْرَ عَنْ كُلِّ زَرْعٍ وَنَخْلٍ وَشَيْءٍ مَا بَدَا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ يَأْتِيهِمْ كُلَّ عَامٍ فَيَخْرُصُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطْرَ، فَشَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شِدَّةَ خَرْصِهِ وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْشُوهُ، قَالَ: " يَا أَعْدَاءَ اللهِ تُطْعِمُونَِي السُّحْتَ؟ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ وَلَأَنْتُمْ أَبْغَضُ إِلِيَّ مِنْ عِدَّتِكُمْ مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلُنِي بُغْضِي إِيَّاكُمْ وَحُبِّي إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمْ ". فَقَالُوا: بِهَذَا قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ. قَالَ: وَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَيْنِ صَفِيَّةَ خُضْرَةً فَقَالَ: " يَا صَفِيَّةُ مَا هَذِهِ الْخُضْرَةُ ". فَقَالَتْ: كَانَ رَأْسِي فِي حِجْرِ ابْنِ حَقِيقٍ وَأَنَا نَائِمَةٌ، فَرَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ قَمَرًا وَقَعَ فِي حِجْرِي، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِذَلِكَ فَلَطَمَنِي وَقَالَ: تَمَنَّيْنَ مَلِكَ يَثْرِبَ. قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَبْغَضِ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ، قَتَلَ زَوْجِي وَأَبِي فَمَازَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلِيَّ وَيَقُولُ: " إِنَّ أَبَاكِ أَلَّبَ عَلَيَّ الْعَرَبَ وَفَعَلَ وَفَعَلَ "، حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ نَفْسِي، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ ثَمَانِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ كُلَّ عَامٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ غَشُّوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَلْقَوَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ مِنْ فَوْقِ بَيْتٍ فَفَدَعُوا يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ⦗٢٣٣⦘ فَلْيَحْضُرْ حَتَّى نَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ رَئِيسُهُمْ: لَا تُخْرِجْنَا، دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِيهَا كَمَا أَقَرَّنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِرَئِيسِهِمْ: أَتُرَاهُ سَقَطَ عَنِّي قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا رَقَصَتْ بِكَ رَاحِلَتُكَ نَحْوَ الشَّامِ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَوْمًا ". وَقَسَمَهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَيْنَ مَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ خَيْبَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fought the people of Khaybar, forcing them to take refuge in their fortress. He (peace and blessings be upon him) took control of their land, crops and date orchards. He (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace with them on the terms that whatever their mounts could carry would be theirs, and the gold and silver would be for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). They were to leave, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) stipulated that they would not conceal anything; if they concealed anything, they would have no protection and no covenant. Yet they hid a skin full of wealth, and the jewellery of Huyayy bin Akhtab, which he had brought to Khaybar at the time of the exile of Banu al-Nadir. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked Huyayy's uncle: "Where is that skin of Huyayy full of wealth which he brought from Banu al-Nadir?" He said: Wars and expenses have used it up. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The time is recent, and the wealth was more than that." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) handed him over to Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him), who punished him. Huyayy had earlier entered a ruin. He said: I saw Huyayy wandering about in that ruin. They went there and found the wealth in the ruin. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had the two sons of Huqayq killed; one of them was the husband of Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Huyayy bin Akhtab (may Allah be pleased with her). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took their women and children captive and divided their wealth because of their breach of the covenant, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to exile them. They said: O Muhammad! Let us remain on this land; we will cultivate it and look after it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) had no servants to look after it, nor were they themselves free to stay there. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them Khaybar on the condition that half of every crop, date palm and thing would be theirs, for as long as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wished. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come to them every year, estimate the yield, and then hold them liable for half. They complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the severity of the estimation and intended to bribe Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him), whereupon he said: O enemies of Allah! Do you feed me what is unlawful? By Allah! I have come to you from the person most beloved to me among people, yet you are more hateful to me than apes and pigs. Let not my hatred of you and my love for him drive me to not being just. They said: By this the heavens and the earth stand. The narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a green mark in the eye of Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked: "O Safiyyah! What is this?" She said: I was sleeping with my head in the lap of the son of Huqayq, and I saw that a moon fell into my lap. I told him, and he slapped me and said: You long for the king of Yathrib. She said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most hateful of people to me, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) had killed my father and my husband. He kept apologising to me and said: "Your father incited the Arabs against me and did such-and-such," until that feeling left my heart. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give each of his wives eighty wasqs of dates and twenty wasqs of barley every year. When the time of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came, they acted treacherously towards the Muslims and threw Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) down from the roof of a house, dislocating his hands. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever has a share in Khaybar should come, so that we may divide it among them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divided it among the Muslims. Their chief said: Do not exile us; rather, let us remain as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) kept us. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to their chief: Do you think I have forgotten the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How will you be when your mount carries you towards Syria for three days?" Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed the shares among those of the people of al-Hudaybiyah who had been present at the Battle of Khaybar.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا أَبُو شِهَابٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ فَقَسَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى سِتَّةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَهْمًا، جَمَعَ كُلَّ سَهْمٍ مِائَةَ سَهْمٍ، فَكَانَ النِّصْفُ سِهَامًا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَعَزَلَ النِّصْفَ لِمَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ وَالنَّوَائِبِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ افْتَتَحَ بَعْضَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْوَةً وَبَعْضَهَا صُلْحًا، فَمَا قَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ هُوَ مَا افْتَتَحَهُ عَنْوَةً، وَمَا تَرَكَهُ لِنَوَائِبِهِ هُوَ مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ.
Bushayr bin Yasar heard from a group of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), who said that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Khaybar, he divided it into 36 shares, each share comprising a hundred shares. Half of the shares were for the Muslims and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he set aside the other half for the affairs and emergencies that befell him.
The Shaykh said: Part of Khaybar was taken by fighting and part by peace treaty. What he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided was what was taken by fighting, and what he left for his emergencies was what was obtained without fighting.
The Shaykh said: Part of Khaybar was taken by fighting and part by peace treaty. What he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided was what was taken by fighting, and what he left for his emergencies was what was obtained without fighting.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ افْتَتَحَ بَعْضَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْوَةً.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered part of Khaybar by fighting.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " لَوْلَا آخِرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا افْتُتِحَتْ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ.
Zayd bin Aslam narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Were it not for the Muslims who will come later, we would divide every town that is conquered, just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أنبأ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: " لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَتْرُكُ النَّاسَ يَبَابًا لَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ مَا فُتِحَتْ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَطِيبُ قُلُوبَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَقِفُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ نَظَرًا لَهُمْ.
Zayd bin Aslam narrates from his father: I heard Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) saying: Were it not that I would leave the people in a state where they have nothing, I would divide every town that is conquered, just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
The Shaykh said: In our view, and Allah knows best, this means that he would first win their hearts' willing consent, then make it a waqf for the Muslims in consideration of their interest.
The Shaykh said: In our view, and Allah knows best, this means that he would first win their hearts' willing consent, then make it a waqf for the Muslims in consideration of their interest.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، ثنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٣٤⦘ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ نَافِعًا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: أَصَابَ النَّاسَ فَتْحٌ بِالشَّامِ فِيهِمْ بِلَالٌ، وَأَظُنُّهُ ذَكَرَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْفَيْءَ الَّذِي أَصَبْنَا لَكَ خُمُسُهُ وَلَنَا مَا بَقِيَ، لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ كَمَا صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمْ وَلَكِنِّي أَقِفُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَرَاجَعُوهُ الْكِتَابَ وَرَاجَعَهُمْ يَأْبَوْنَ وَيَأْبَى، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا قَامَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: اللهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَ بِلَالٍ، قَالَ: فَمَا حَالَ الْحَوْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى مَاتُوا جَمِيعًا. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَوْلُهُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمْ، لَيْسَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ إِنْكَارَ مَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ مِنْ قِسْمَةِ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِهِ لَيْسَتِ الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِيمَا قُلْتُمْ وَإِنَّمَا الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِي أَنْ أَقِفَهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَجَعَلَ يَأْبَى قِسْمَتَهَا لِمَا كَانَ يَرْجُو مِنْ تَطْيِيبِهِمْ ذَلِكَ وَجَعَلُوا يَأْبَوْنَ لِمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا لَمْ يُبْرِمْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُكْمَ بِإِخْرَاجِهَا مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَقْفِهَا، وَلَكِنْ دَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَيْثُ خَالَفُوهُ فِيمَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَهُمْ لَوْ وَافَقُوهُ وَافَقَهُ أَفْنَاءُ النَّاسِ وَأَتْبَاعُهُمْ. وَالْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ فِي فَتْحِ مِصْرَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى ذَلِكَ وَرَأَى الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قِسْمَتَهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ.
Jarir bin Hazim said: I heard Nafi' saying: The people achieved a conquest in Syria, among them Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), and I think he also mentioned Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him). They wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): Of this fay', the fifth is yours and the rest is ours; no one else has any share, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did at Khaybar. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: What you say is not correct; rather, I make it a waqf for the Muslims. They wrote again and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied again; they kept refusing and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and supplicated against them, saying: O Allah, suffice me against Bilal and the companions of Bilal. The narrator said: A year had not yet passed over them before they had all died.
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: By Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying "What you say is not correct," he did not mean to deny the division of Khaybar which they cited as proof, for we have narrated it through Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); rather, he most likely meant that the best interest does not lie in what you say, but in my making it a waqf for the Muslims. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing to divide it because he hoped for their willing consent, and they kept refusing because it was their right. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not enforce on them the ruling of taking the land out of their hands and making it waqf, but he supplicated against them because they opposed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in the best interest that he saw. Had they agreed with him, the common people and their followers would also have agreed with him.
This hadith is mursal, and Allah knows best.
(b) Regarding the conquest of Egypt, this was the view of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), while the view of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) was that it should be divided, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: By Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying "What you say is not correct," he did not mean to deny the division of Khaybar which they cited as proof, for we have narrated it through Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); rather, he most likely meant that the best interest does not lie in what you say, but in my making it a waqf for the Muslims. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing to divide it because he hoped for their willing consent, and they kept refusing because it was their right. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not enforce on them the ruling of taking the land out of their hands and making it waqf, but he supplicated against them because they opposed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in the best interest that he saw. Had they agreed with him, the common people and their followers would also have agreed with him.
This hadith is mursal, and Allah knows best.
(b) Regarding the conquest of Egypt, this was the view of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), while the view of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) was that it should be divided, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا قُرَادٌ أَبُو نُوحٍ، ثنا الْمُرَجَّى بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ افْتَتَحَهَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فَهِيَ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ افْتَتَحَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَنْوَةً فَخُمُسُهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَبَقِيَّتُهَا لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهَا ". قَالَ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الدُّورِيُّ: أَبُو سَلَمَةَ هَذَا هُوَ عِنْدِي صَاحِبُ الطَّعَامِ أَوْ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Any town that Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) conquer belongs to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and any town that is conquered through fighting, its fifth belongs to Allah and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and the rest belongs to those who fought for it."
