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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من رأى قسمة الأراضي المغنومة ومن لم يرها
Chapter: Those who held that conquered lands should be divided and those who did not
Bayhaqi 18392 — Those who held that conquered lands should be divided
اُردوEn
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، ثنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٣٤⦘ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ نَافِعًا مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: أَصَابَ النَّاسَ فَتْحٌ بِالشَّامِ فِيهِمْ بِلَالٌ، وَأَظُنُّهُ ذَكَرَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْفَيْءَ الَّذِي أَصَبْنَا لَكَ خُمُسُهُ وَلَنَا مَا بَقِيَ، لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ كَمَا صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمْ وَلَكِنِّي أَقِفُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَرَاجَعُوهُ الْكِتَابَ وَرَاجَعَهُمْ يَأْبَوْنَ وَيَأْبَى، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا قَامَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: اللهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَ بِلَالٍ، قَالَ: فَمَا حَالَ الْحَوْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى مَاتُوا جَمِيعًا. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَوْلُهُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُمْ، لَيْسَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ إِنْكَارَ مَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ مِنْ قِسْمَةِ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِهِ لَيْسَتِ الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِيمَا قُلْتُمْ وَإِنَّمَا الْمَصْلَحَةُ فِي أَنْ أَقِفَهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَجَعَلَ يَأْبَى قِسْمَتَهَا لِمَا كَانَ يَرْجُو مِنْ تَطْيِيبِهِمْ ذَلِكَ وَجَعَلُوا يَأْبَوْنَ لِمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا لَمْ يُبْرِمْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُكْمَ بِإِخْرَاجِهَا مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَقْفِهَا، وَلَكِنْ دَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَيْثُ خَالَفُوهُ فِيمَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَهُمْ لَوْ وَافَقُوهُ وَافَقَهُ أَفْنَاءُ النَّاسِ وَأَتْبَاعُهُمْ. وَالْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ فِي فَتْحِ مِصْرَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى ذَلِكَ وَرَأَى الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قِسْمَتَهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ.
Jarir bin Hazim said: I heard Nafi' saying: The people achieved a conquest in Syria, among them Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), and I think he also mentioned Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him). They wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): Of this fay', the fifth is yours and the rest is ours; no one else has any share, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did at Khaybar. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: What you say is not correct; rather, I make it a waqf for the Muslims. They wrote again and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied again; they kept refusing and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and supplicated against them, saying: O Allah, suffice me against Bilal and the companions of Bilal. The narrator said: A year had not yet passed over them before they had all died.
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: By Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying "What you say is not correct," he did not mean to deny the division of Khaybar which they cited as proof, for we have narrated it through Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); rather, he most likely meant that the best interest does not lie in what you say, but in my making it a waqf for the Muslims. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing to divide it because he hoped for their willing consent, and they kept refusing because it was their right. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not enforce on them the ruling of taking the land out of their hands and making it waqf, but he supplicated against them because they opposed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in the best interest that he saw. Had they agreed with him, the common people and their followers would also have agreed with him.
This hadith is mursal, and Allah knows best.
(b) Regarding the conquest of Egypt, this was the view of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), while the view of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) was that it should be divided, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: By Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying "What you say is not correct," he did not mean to deny the division of Khaybar which they cited as proof, for we have narrated it through Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); rather, he most likely meant that the best interest does not lie in what you say, but in my making it a waqf for the Muslims. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept refusing to divide it because he hoped for their willing consent, and they kept refusing because it was their right. When they refused, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not enforce on them the ruling of taking the land out of their hands and making it waqf, but he supplicated against them because they opposed Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in the best interest that he saw. Had they agreed with him, the common people and their followers would also have agreed with him.
This hadith is mursal, and Allah knows best.
(b) Regarding the conquest of Egypt, this was the view of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), while the view of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) was that it should be divided, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided Khaybar.
