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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من رأى قسمة الأراضي المغنومة ومن لم يرها
Chapter: Those who held that conquered lands should be divided and those who did not
Bayhaqi 18387 — Those who held that conquered lands should be divided
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ⦗٢٣٢⦘ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، أنبأ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاتَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى أَلْجَأَهُمْ إِلَى قَصْرِهِمْ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَالزَّرْعِ وَالنَّخْلِ، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْلُوا مِنْهَا وَلَهُمْ مَا حَمَلَتْ رِكَابُهُمْ وَلِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّفْرَاءُ وَالْبَيْضَاءُ وَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَكْتُمُوا وَلَا يُغَيِّبُوا شَيْئًا، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَهُمْ وَلَا عَهْدَ، فَغَيَّبُوا مَسْكًا فِيهِ مَالٌ وَحُلِيٌّ لِحُيِيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ كَانَ احْتَمَلَهُ مَعَهُ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أُجْلِيَتِ النَّضِيرُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَمِّ حُيَيٍّ: " مَا فَعَلَ مَسْكُ حُيَيٍّ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ؟ " فَقَالَ: أَذْهَبَتْهُ النَّفَقَاتُ وَالْحُرُوبُ. فَقَالَ: " الْعَهْدُ قَرِيبٌ وَالْمَالُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ". فَدَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ فَمَسَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ، وَقَدْ كَانَ حُيَيٌّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ خَرِبَةً فَقَالَ: " قَدْ رَأَيْتُ حُيَيًّا يَطُوفُ فِي خَرِبَةٍ هَهُنَا ". فَذَهَبُوا وَطَافُوا فَوَجَدُوا الْمَسْكَ فِي الْخَرِبَةِ، فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْنَيْ حَقِيقٍ وَأَحَدُهُمَا زَوْجُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيِيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ، وَسَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِالنَّكْثِ الَّذِي نَكَثُوا وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُجْلِيَهُمْ مِنْهَا فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ نُصْلِحُهَا وَنَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ غِلْمَانٌ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا، وَكَانُوا لَا يَفْرُغُونَ أَنْ يَقُومُوا عَلَيْهَا، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطْرَ عَنْ كُلِّ زَرْعٍ وَنَخْلٍ وَشَيْءٍ مَا بَدَا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ يَأْتِيهِمْ كُلَّ عَامٍ فَيَخْرُصُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطْرَ، فَشَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شِدَّةَ خَرْصِهِ وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْشُوهُ، قَالَ: " يَا أَعْدَاءَ اللهِ تُطْعِمُونَِي السُّحْتَ؟ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ وَلَأَنْتُمْ أَبْغَضُ إِلِيَّ مِنْ عِدَّتِكُمْ مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلُنِي بُغْضِي إِيَّاكُمْ وَحُبِّي إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمْ ". فَقَالُوا: بِهَذَا قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ. قَالَ: وَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَيْنِ صَفِيَّةَ خُضْرَةً فَقَالَ: " يَا صَفِيَّةُ مَا هَذِهِ الْخُضْرَةُ ". فَقَالَتْ: كَانَ رَأْسِي فِي حِجْرِ ابْنِ حَقِيقٍ وَأَنَا نَائِمَةٌ، فَرَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ قَمَرًا وَقَعَ فِي حِجْرِي، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِذَلِكَ فَلَطَمَنِي وَقَالَ: تَمَنَّيْنَ مَلِكَ يَثْرِبَ. قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَبْغَضِ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ، قَتَلَ زَوْجِي وَأَبِي فَمَازَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلِيَّ وَيَقُولُ: " إِنَّ أَبَاكِ أَلَّبَ عَلَيَّ الْعَرَبَ وَفَعَلَ وَفَعَلَ "، حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ نَفْسِي، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ ثَمَانِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ كُلَّ عَامٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ غَشُّوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَلْقَوَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ مِنْ فَوْقِ بَيْتٍ فَفَدَعُوا يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ⦗٢٣٣⦘ فَلْيَحْضُرْ حَتَّى نَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ رَئِيسُهُمْ: لَا تُخْرِجْنَا، دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِيهَا كَمَا أَقَرَّنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِرَئِيسِهِمْ: أَتُرَاهُ سَقَطَ عَنِّي قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا رَقَصَتْ بِكَ رَاحِلَتُكَ نَحْوَ الشَّامِ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَوْمًا ". وَقَسَمَهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَيْنَ مَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ خَيْبَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fought the people of Khaybar, forcing them to take refuge in their fortress. He (peace and blessings be upon him) took control of their land, crops and date orchards. He (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace with them on the terms that whatever their mounts could carry would be theirs, and the gold and silver would be for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). They were to leave, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) stipulated that they would not conceal anything; if they concealed anything, they would have no protection and no covenant. Yet they hid a skin full of wealth, and the jewellery of Huyayy bin Akhtab, which he had brought to Khaybar at the time of the exile of Banu al-Nadir. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked Huyayy's uncle: "Where is that skin of Huyayy full of wealth which he brought from Banu al-Nadir?" He said: Wars and expenses have used it up. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The time is recent, and the wealth was more than that." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) handed him over to Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him), who punished him. Huyayy had earlier entered a ruin. He said: I saw Huyayy wandering about in that ruin. They went there and found the wealth in the ruin. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had the two sons of Huqayq killed; one of them was the husband of Sayyidah Safiyyah bint Huyayy bin Akhtab (may Allah be pleased with her). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took their women and children captive and divided their wealth because of their breach of the covenant, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to exile them. They said: O Muhammad! Let us remain on this land; we will cultivate it and look after it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) had no servants to look after it, nor were they themselves free to stay there. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them Khaybar on the condition that half of every crop, date palm and thing would be theirs, for as long as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wished. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come to them every year, estimate the yield, and then hold them liable for half. They complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the severity of the estimation and intended to bribe Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him), whereupon he said: O enemies of Allah! Do you feed me what is unlawful? By Allah! I have come to you from the person most beloved to me among people, yet you are more hateful to me than apes and pigs. Let not my hatred of you and my love for him drive me to not being just. They said: By this the heavens and the earth stand. The narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a green mark in the eye of Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked: "O Safiyyah! What is this?" She said: I was sleeping with my head in the lap of the son of Huqayq, and I saw that a moon fell into my lap. I told him, and he slapped me and said: You long for the king of Yathrib. She said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most hateful of people to me, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) had killed my father and my husband. He kept apologising to me and said: "Your father incited the Arabs against me and did such-and-such," until that feeling left my heart. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give each of his wives eighty wasqs of dates and twenty wasqs of barley every year. When the time of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came, they acted treacherously towards the Muslims and threw Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) down from the roof of a house, dislocating his hands. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever has a share in Khaybar should come, so that we may divide it among them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divided it among the Muslims. Their chief said: Do not exile us; rather, let us remain as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) kept us. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to their chief: Do you think I have forgotten the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How will you be when your mount carries you towards Syria for three days?" Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed the shares among those of the people of al-Hudaybiyah who had been present at the Battle of Khaybar.
